Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷʰer-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*gʷʰer-^[1]^[2]

to be warm
to become warm

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷʰer- (39 c, 0 e)

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷʰer- (39 c, 0 e)

*gʷʰér-e-ti (thematic root present)
- Proto-Albanian: *džera, *džernja
  - Albanian: ziej, zie
- Proto-Celtic: *gʷereti (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *kʷʰérō
  - Ancient Greek: θέρω (thérō), θέρομαι (théromai)

*gʷʰe-gʷʰór-e ~ *gʷʰe-gʷʰr-ḗr (reduplicated stative)^[2]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *garḗˀtei (see there for further descendants)

*gʷʰi-gʷʰér-ti ~ *gʷʰi-gʷʰr-énti (i-reduplicated athematic present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰʰigʰárti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́igʰárti
    - Sanskrit: जिघर्ति (jighárti)^[3]

*gʷʰor-éye-ti (eye-causative)

*gʷʰr-éh₁-(ye)-ti (eh₁(ye)-stative)^[2]
- Proto-Albanian: *grāja
  - Albanian: ngroh
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *grḗˀtei
  - Proto-Slavic: *grěti (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *kʷʰeréyō
  - Ancient Greek: θερέω (theréō)

*gʷʰr̥-néw-ti ~ *gʷʰr̥-nw-énti (new-present)^[2]^[4]
- Proto-Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: ջեռնում (ǰeṙnum), ջեռանիմ (ǰeṙanim), ջեռիմ (ǰeṙim)
- >? Proto-Germanic: *brinnaną (perhaps via *gʷʰrn̥w- > *brunw- followed by reanalysis of the ablaut) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰr̥náwti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gʰr̥ṇáwti
    - Sanskrit: घृणोति (ghṛṇóti)^[3]

*gʷʰér-mn̥ ~ *gʷʰr̥-méns (“warmth, heat”)

*gʷʰér-os (“heat; warm weather”)

*gʷʰór-o-s
- Proto-Celtic: *gʷoros (“brooding; pus”) (see there for further descendants)

*gʷʰr̥-nó-s (“warm”)^[5]^[6]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gurnas
  - Proto-Slavic: *gъrnъ (“furnace, cauldron”), *gъrno (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰr̥nás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gʰr̥ṇás
    - Sanskrit: घृण (ghṛṇá, “heat”)^[3] (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “g^u̯her-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 493
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 219-220
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Monier Williams (1899) “Proto-Indo-European/gʷʰer-”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 379, column 1.
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “θέρομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 542-543
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “fornus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 235
^ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gъrnъ / *gъrno”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 210

[IEW-1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “g^u̯her-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 493

[LIV-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 219-220

[MW_379-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Monier Williams (1899) “Proto-Indo-European/gʷʰer-”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 379, column 1.

[4] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “θέρομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 542-543

[5] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “fornus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 235

[6] Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gъrnъ / *gъrno”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 210

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