Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/gʷereti

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Thematic present from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”).

Verb

*gʷereti^[1]

to heat up

Inflection

Thematic present, t-preterite
Active voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*gʷerū	*gʷeremam	?	*gʷeram
2nd singular	*gʷeresi	*gʷeretās	?	*gʷers
3rd singular	*gʷereti	*gʷereto	?	*gʷert
1st plural	*gʷeromosi	*gʷeremo	?	*gʷerme
2nd plural	*gʷeretesi	*gʷerestē	?	*gʷerte
3rd plural	*gʷeronti	*gʷerento	?	*gʷerant
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*gʷerasū	?	—
2nd singular	*gʷerasesi	?	*gʷere
3rd singular	*gʷeraseti	?	*gʷeretou
1st plural	*gʷerasomosi	?	*gʷeromos
2nd plural	*gʷerasetesi	?	*gʷerete
3rd plural	*gʷerasonti	?	*gʷerontou
Passive voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*gʷerūr	—	?	?
2nd singular	*gʷeretar	—	?	?
3rd singular	*gʷeretor	?	?	?
1st plural	*gʷerommor	—	?	?
2nd plural	*gʷeredwe	—	?	?
3rd plural	*gʷerontor	?	?	*gʷeranto
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*gʷerasūr	—	—
2nd singular	*gʷerasetar	—	—
3rd singular	*gʷerasetor	—	—
1st plural	*gʷerasommor	—	—
2nd plural	*gʷerasedwe	—	—
3rd plural	*gʷerasontor	—	—

Declension of the present participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gʷeronts	*gʷeronte	*gʷerontes
vocative	*gʷeronts	*gʷeronte	*gʷerontes
accusative	*gʷerontam	*gʷeronte	*gʷerontans
genitive	*gʷerantos	*?	*gʷerantom
dative	*gʷerantei	*gʷerantbom	*gʷerantbos
instrumental	*gʷerantī?	*gʷerantbim	*gʷerantbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gʷerantī	*gʷerantī	*gʷerantiyās
vocative	*gʷerantī	*gʷerantī	*gʷerantiyās
accusative	*gʷerantīm	*gʷerantī	*gʷerantiyans
genitive	*gʷerantyās	*?	*gʷerantyom
dative	*gʷerantyāi	*gʷerantyābom	*gʷerantyābos
instrumental	*?	*gʷerantyābim	*gʷerantyābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gʷeront	*?	*gʷeronta
vocative	*gʷeront	*?	*gʷeronta
accusative	*gʷeront	*?	*gʷeronta
genitive	*gʷerantos	*?	*gʷerantom
dative	*gʷerantei	*?	*gʷerantbos
instrumental	*gʷerantī?	*?	*gʷerantbis

Declension of the middle participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gʷeromnos	*gʷeromnou	*gʷeromnoi
vocative	*gʷeromne	*gʷeromnou	*gʷeromnoi
accusative	*gʷeromnom	*gʷeromnou	*gʷeromnons
genitive	*gʷeromnī	*gʷeromnous	*gʷeromnom
dative	*gʷeromnūi	*gʷeromnobom	*gʷeromnobos
instrumental	*gʷeromnū	*gʷeromnobim	*gʷeromnobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gʷeromnā	*gʷeromnai	*gʷeromnās
vocative	*gʷeromnā	*gʷeromnai	*gʷeromnās
accusative	*gʷeromnam	*gʷeromnai	*gʷeromnans
genitive	*gʷeromnās	*gʷeromnous	*gʷeromnom
dative	*gʷeromnai	*gʷeromnābom	*gʷeromnābos
instrumental	*?	*gʷeromnābim	*gʷeromnābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gʷeromnom	*gʷeromnou	*gʷeromnā
vocative	*gʷeromnom	*gʷeromnou	*gʷeromnā
accusative	*gʷeromnom	*gʷeromnou	*gʷeromnā
genitive	*gʷeromnī	*gʷeromnous	*gʷeromnom
dative	*gʷeromnūi	*gʷeromnobom	*gʷeromnobos
instrumental	*gʷeromnū	*gʷeromnobim	*gʷeromnobis

Declension of the past participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gʷritos	*gʷritou	*gʷritoi
vocative	*gʷrite	*gʷritou	*gʷritoi
accusative	*gʷritom	*gʷritou	*gʷritons
genitive	*gʷritī	*gʷritous	*gʷritom
dative	*gʷritūi	*gʷritobom	*gʷritobos
instrumental	*gʷritū	*gʷritobim	*gʷritobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gʷritā	*gʷritai	*gʷritās
vocative	*gʷritā	*gʷritai	*gʷritās
accusative	*gʷritam	*gʷritai	*gʷritans
genitive	*gʷritās	*gʷritous	*gʷritom
dative	*gʷritai	*gʷritābom	*gʷritābos
instrumental	*?	*gʷritābim	*gʷritābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gʷritom	*gʷritou	*gʷritā
vocative	*gʷritom	*gʷritou	*gʷritā
accusative	*gʷritom	*gʷritou	*gʷritā
genitive	*gʷritī	*gʷritous	*gʷritom
dative	*gʷritūi	*gʷritobom	*gʷritobos
instrumental	*gʷritū	*gʷritobim	*gʷritobis

Derived terms

*uɸo-gʷereti
- Old Irish: fo·geir
  - Middle Irish: fo·geir

Related terms

Descendants

Middle Irish: gerthiut (3sg. with suffixed pronoun)

References

^ Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 372-373

[1] Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 372-373

[1]