Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/gʷaros
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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From the zero grade of Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer-; whether this root is the same root as the one meaning "warm" is disputed.[1]
- Binchy,[1] Matasović[2] and Gordon[3] stand by identifying the root of this word as *gʷʰer- (“warm”).
- Schrijver denies any relation to *gʷʰer- (“warm”), but instead reconstructs a homophonous root meaning "to compensate, be worth something", and links this to Germanic derivatives of Proto-Germanic *werþaz (“worth”); this putative root would be unlikely to be of Proto-Indo-European provenance.[4]
Adjective
[edit]*gʷaros
Inflection
[edit]| O/ā-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *gʷaros | *gʷarou | *gʷaroi |
| vocative | *gʷare | *gʷarou | *gʷaroi |
| accusative | *gʷarom | *gʷarou | *gʷaroms |
| genitive | *gʷarī | *gʷarous | *gʷarom |
| dative | *gʷarūi | *gʷarobom | *gʷarobos |
| instrumental | *gʷarū | *gʷarobim | *gʷarobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *gʷarā | *gʷarai | *gʷarās |
| vocative | *gʷarā | *gʷarai | *gʷarās |
| accusative | *gʷaram | *gʷarai | *gʷarams |
| genitive | *gʷarās | *gʷarous | *gʷarom |
| dative | *gʷarai | *gʷarābom | *gʷarābos |
| instrumental | *? | *gʷarābim | *gʷarābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *gʷarom | *gʷarou | *gʷarā |
| vocative | *gʷarom | *gʷarou | *gʷarā |
| accusative | *gʷarom | *gʷarou | *gʷarā |
| genitive | *gʷarī | *gʷarous | *gʷarom |
| dative | *gʷarūi | *gʷarobom | *gʷarobos |
| instrumental | *gʷarū | *gʷarobim | *gʷarobis |
| Declension of the comparative | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *gʷaryūs | *? | *gʷaryoses |
| vocative | *gʷaryūs | *? | *gʷaryoses |
| accusative | *gʷaryosam | *? | *gʷaryosams |
| genitive | *gʷarisos | *? | *gʷarisom |
| dative | *gʷarisei | *? | *gʷarisbos |
| instrumental | *gʷarisī | *? | *gʷarisbis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *gʷaryūs | *? | *gʷaryoses |
| vocative | *gʷaryūs | *? | *gʷaryoses |
| accusative | *gʷaryosam | *? | *gʷaryosams |
| genitive | *gʷarisos | *? | *gʷarisom |
| dative | *gʷarisei | *? | *gʷarisbos |
| instrumental | *gʷarisī | *? | *gʷarisbis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *gʷaris | *? | *? |
| vocative | *gʷaris | *? | *? |
| accusative | *gʷaris | *? | *? |
| genitive | *gʷarisos | *? | *gʷarisom |
| dative | *gʷarisei | *? | *gʷarisbos |
| instrumental | *gʷarisī | *? | *gʷarisbis |
Alternative reconstructions
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Proto-Brythonic: *gwar
- Old Irish: gor (“pious, dutiful, filial”)
- Middle Irish: gor (“pious, dutiful, filial”)
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 McCone, Kim (1996) Towards a relative chronology of ancient and medieval Celtic sound change, Maynooth: Dept. of Old Irish, St. Patrick's College, →ISBN, page 38
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*gʷariyā”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 144
- ^ Gordon, Randall Clark (2012) Derivational Morphology of the Early Irish Verbal Noun, Los Angeles: University of California, page 37
- ^ Schrijver, Peter (1996) “OIr. Gor 'Pious, Dutiful': Meaning and Etymology”, in Ériu[1], volume 47, Royal Irish Academy, →ISSN, →JSTOR, pages 193–204