Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰeh₁(y)-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*dʰeh₁(y)-^[1]

to suckle, nurse

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁(y)- (41 c, 0 e)

*dʰi-né-h₁-ti ~ *dʰi-n-h₁-énti (nasal-infix present)^[1]
- Proto-Celtic: *dinati (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰinā́ti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dʰinā́ti
    - ⇒ Sanskrit: धिनोति (dhinoti, “to nourish”)

*dʰh₁-éye-ti (eye-present)^[1]
- Proto-Germanic: *dijōną (“to suck, suckle”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰHáyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dʰHáyati
    - Sanskrit: धयति (dháyati, “to drink mother's milk, to breastfeed”)
  - Proto-Iranian: *dHáyati
    - Ossetian: (“to suck”)
      Digor Ossetian: дӕйун (dæjun)
      
      Iron Ossetian: дӕйын (dæjyn)
- ⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic:^[2]
  - Proto-Slavic: *dojìti (see there for further descendants)

*dʰéh₁-ye-ti (ye-present)^[1]
- Proto-Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: դիեմ (diem, “to drink mother's milk”)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Latvian: dēt (“to suck”)
- Proto-Germanic: *dēaną (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: θῆσθαι (thêsthai, “to milk out”)

*dʰeh₁-mh₁n-éh₂^[3]
- Proto-Italic: *fēmanā
  - Latin: fēmina (“woman”) (see there for further descendants)

*dʰeh₁-to-s (“having given birth”)^[4]
- Proto-Italic: *fētos
  - Latin: fētus (“pregnant”)

*dʰeh₁-tu-s (probably later formation)
- Proto-Italic: *fētus
  - Latin: fētus (“offspring”) (see there for further descendants)

*dʰeh₁-no-m
- Proto-Italic: *fēnom^[5]
  - Latin: fēnum (“hay”)

*dʰeh₁-n-os
- Proto-Italic: *fēnos
  - Latin: fēnus (“interest (on money)”)

*dʰeh₁i-nu-s^[6]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰa(H)inúš (“milch cow”) (see there for further descendants)

*dʰeh₁-li-s^[7]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Latvian: dēls (“son”)

*dʰeh₁-lu-s
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: θῆλυς (thêlus, “feminine”)
- >? Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: धारु (dhārú, “sucking”)
- ⇒ Proto-Indo-European: *dʰeh₁-lew-ih₂
  - Proto-Hellenic:
    - Ancient Greek: θήλεια (thḗleia, “feminine”)
- ⇒ Proto-Indo-European: *dʰeh₁-lw-ih₂^[8]
  - Proto-Italic: *fēl(w)ī-
    - ⇒ Latin: fēlīx (“happy”)

*dʰ(e)h₁i-l-yo-s^[9]
- Proto-Italic: *fīlios (“son”) (see there for further descendants)

*dʰh₁i-l-eh₁-^[7]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Latvian: dīle (“sucking calf”)

*dʰeh₁-l-éh₂^[10]^[9]
- Proto-Germanic: *dilō (“nipple”) (with pretonic shortening)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: θηλή (thēlḗ, “teat”)
- ⇒? Proto-Indo-European: *dʰeh₁-l-éh₂-ye-ti
  - Proto-Italic: *fēlājō
    - Latin: fēlō, fellō (“to suck”)

*dʰeh₁y-l-yeh₂-^[7]
- Proto-Albanian: *dailjā
  - Albanian: dele (“sheep”)

*dʰé-dʰh₁-i (“milk curd”)
- Proto-Albanian: *dedi^[11]
  - Albanian: *djadh
    - ⇒ Albanian: djathë (“cheese”) (diminutive in -thë)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰádʰHi
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dádʰHi
    - Sanskrit: दधि (dádhi, “coagulated milk, curd”), दध्नस् (dadhnás, gen.sg.) (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations

Proto-Albanian: *dela
- Albanian: djalë (“boy”)
Armenian:
- Old Armenian: դալ (dal, “colostrum”)
Balto-Slavic:
- Latvian: dēle (“leech”)
- Lithuanian: dėlė (“leech”)
- Old Prussian: dadan (“milk”)
Proto-Balto-Slavic: [Term?] (“pregnant”)
- Eastern Baltic:
  - Lithuanian: dieni (“with young”)
- → Proto-Finnic: *tiineh (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dēˀtis (“child”)
- Proto-Slavic: *dětь (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Proto-Slavic: *děva (“maiden, girl”) (see there for further descendants)
  - ⇒ Proto-Slavic: *děvica
Celtic:
- Old Irish: dínu (“lamb”)
Proto-Germanic: *dajjaną (“to suck, suckle”) (see there for further descendants)
Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: τίτθη (títthē, “nurse”), τιθήνη (tithḗnē)
Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Iranian: *daHyaka-^[12]
  - Northern Kurdish: dê, da, dayik (“mother”)
  - Middle Persian: [script needed] (dʾyk' /⁠dāyag⁠/, “wet nurse”)
    - Persian: دایه (dâye, “wet nurse”)
  - → Old Armenian: դայեակ (dayeak, “wet nurse”) (see there for further descendants)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*dʰeh₁(i̯)- ‘(Muttermilch) saugen’”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 138
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*dojìti v. (c) ‘give milk, milk’”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “fēmina”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 210
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “fētus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 217
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “fēnum / faenum [n o] ‘hay’”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 211
^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “dhenú-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 171
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “dal”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 229-231
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “fēlix, -icis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 209
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “θηλή”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 546
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*delō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 93
^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “djathë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 67
^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 447: “*dāi̯a-ka-”

Proto-Indo-European

Root

Derived terms

References

Further reading