dormio

See also: Dormio

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *dormjō, from Proto-Indo-European *dr̥m-yé-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *drem- (“to run, sleep”).^[1]^[2]

Cognates include Old Church Slavonic дрѣмати (drěmati, “to drowse, doze”), Russian дрема́ть (dremátʹ), Sanskrit द्राति (drāti, “to sleep”), Ancient Greek δαρθάνω (darthánō, “I sleep”).

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈdor.mi.oː/, [ˈd̪ɔrmioː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈdor.mi.o/, [ˈd̪ɔrmio]

Verb

dormiō (present infinitive dormīre, perfect active dormīvī or dormiī, supine dormītum); fourth conjugation, impersonal in the passive

to sleep
Synonyms: dormītō, cubō

Antonyms: expergīscor, vigilō

Eō dormītum.
I'm going to sleep.

Dormītūrī tē salūtant.
Those (we) who are about to sleep salute you.
- c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 5:
  Nōbīs cum semel occidit brevis lūx, nox est perpetua ūna dormienda.
  When the brief light has set on us, we must sleep one eternal night.
- 65 BCE – 8 BCE, Horace, Sermones 2.1.7:
  vērum nequeō dormīre
  In truth, I can't sleep.
- 4th-century CE, Jerome of Stridon (St. Jerome), Vulgate, 24:27:
  parum inquam dormiēs modicum dormitābis pauxillum manūs cōnserēs ut quiēscās
  Thou wilt sleep a little, said I, thou wilt slumber a little, thou wilt fold thy hands a little to rest.
  (trans. Douay-Rheims Bible)

Conjugation

Conjugation of dormiō (fourth conjugation, impersonal in the passive)

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	dormiō	dormīs		dormit	dormīmus	dormītis		dormiunt
	imperfect	dormiēbam	dormiēbās		dormiēbat	dormiēbāmus	dormiēbātis		dormiēbant
	future	dormiam	dormiēs		dormiet	dormiēmus	dormiētis		dormient
	perfect	dormīvī, dormiī	dormīvistī, dormiistī		dormīvit, dormiit	dormīvimus, dormiimus	dormīvistis, dormiistis		dormīvēre, dormīvērunt, dormiērunt, dormiēre
	pluperfect	dormīveram, dormieram	dormīverās, dormierās		dormīverat, dormierat	dormīverāmus, dormierāmus	dormīverātis, dormierātis		dormīverant, dormierant
	future perfect	dormīverō, dormierō	dormīveris, dormieris		dormīverit, dormierit	dormīverimus, dormierimus	dormīveritis, dormieritis		dormīverint, dormierint
passive	present	—	—		dormītur	—	—		—
	imperfect	—	—		dormiēbātur	—	—		—
	future	—	—		dormiētur	—	—		—
	perfect	—	—		dormītum est	—	—		—
	pluperfect	—	—		dormītum erat	—	—		—
	future perfect	—	—		dormītum erit	—	—		—
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	dormiam	dormiās		dormiat	dormiāmus	dormiātis		dormiant
	imperfect	dormīrem	dormīrēs		dormīret	dormīrēmus	dormīrētis		dormīrent
	perfect	dormīverim, dormierim	dormīverīs, dormierīs		dormīverit, dormierit	dormīverīmus, dormierīmus	dormīverītis, dormierītis		dormīverint, dormierint
	pluperfect	dormīvissem, dormiissem	dormīvissēs, dormiissēs		dormīvisset, dormiisset	dormīvissēmus, dormiissēmus	dormīvissētis, dormiissētis		dormīvissent, dormiissent
passive	present	—	—		dormiātur	—	—		—
	imperfect	—	—		dormīrētur	—	—		—
	perfect	—	—		dormītum sit	—	—		—
	pluperfect	—	—		dormītum esset	—	—		—
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	dormī		—	—	dormīte		—
active	future	—	dormītō		dormītō	—	dormītōte		dormiuntō
passive	future	—	—		dormītor	—	—		—
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		dormīre		dormīrī		dormiēns		—
future		dormītūrum esse		dormītum īrī		dormītūrus		dormiendum, dormiundum
perfect		dormīvisse, dormiisse		dormītum esse		—		dormītum
future perfect		—		dormītum fore		—		—
perfect potential		dormītūrum fuisse		—		—		—
verbal nouns		gerund					supine
		genitive	dative		accusative	ablative	accusative		ablative
		dormiendī	dormiendō		dormiendum	dormiendō	dormītum		dormītū

Related terms

Descendants

Balkan Romance:
- Aromanian: dormu
- Istro-Romanian: durmi
- Megleno-Romanian: dorm
- Romanian: dormi, durmi — obsolete or regional
Dalmatian:
- dormir
Italo-Romance:
- Corsican: dorma, dorme
  Gallurese: drummí
- Italian: dormire
- Neapolitan: dormire
- Sassarese: drummí
- Sicilian: dòrmiri, durmiri
Padanian:
- Friulian: durmî
- Ladin: dormir, dormí
- Lombard: dormì, durmì, dòrmer
- Piedmontese: deurme, durmì, drumì
- Romagnol: durmì
- Romansch: durmir, durmeir (Surmiran)
- Venetan: dormir
Gallo-Romance:
- Catalan: dormir
- Franco-Provençal: dormir, dromir
- Old French: dormir
  - Middle French: dormir
    - French: dormir
  - Norman: dormi
  - Walloon: doirmi
- Old Occitan: dormir
  - Occitan: dormir
    Auvergnat: dromir
    Gascon: dromir, dròmer
    Limousin: durmir
    Vivaro-Alpine: durmir
Ibero-Romance:
- Aragonese: dormir
- Old Leonese: [Term?]
  - Asturian: dormir
  - Leonese: dormire
  - Mirandese: drumir
- Old Galician-Portuguese: dormir, durmir
  - Galician: durmir, dormir
  - Portuguese: dormir (see there for further descendants)
- Old Spanish: dormir
  - Ladino: durmir
  - Spanish: dormir
Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: dormire, dormiri, drommire, drumire
Borrowings:
- → Icelandic: dorma

References

“dormio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“dormio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
dormio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
- I cannot sleep for anxiety: curae somnum mihi adimunt, dormire me non sinunt
- to sleep soundly (from fatigue): arte, graviter dormire (ex lassitudine)
- to sleep on into the morning: in lucem dormire

^ “dormire” in: Alberto Nocentini, Alessandro Parenti, “l'Etimologico — Vocabolario della lingua italiana”, Le Monnier, 2010, →ISBN
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[1] “dormire” in: Alberto Nocentini, Alessandro Parenti, “l'Etimologico — Vocabolario della lingua italiana”, Le Monnier, 2010, →ISBN

[2] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[1]

[2]