Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃dónts
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
[edit]Alternative reconstructions
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Ultimately an active participle of the root *h₃ed- (“to bite”) + *-ónts (active participle suffix). This noun is usually reconstructed with the initial *h₁ and thus explained as active participle of the verb *h₁ed- (“to eat”). However, Aeolic ἔδοντες (édontes) appears to be a folk-etymological adaptation to ἔδω (édō), and the initial ἔ- (é-) is hence no evidence for *h₁-. Old Armenian ատամն (atamn) also points to *h₃-, as well as a prefixed Greek derivative νωδός (nōdós), which requires *n̥-h₃d- (where */h₃/ was regularly vocalized to ό in interconsonantal position).
Noun
[edit]*h₃dónts m (oblique stem *h₃dn̥t-)[2][3]
Declension
[edit]| Athematic, hysterokinetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | |||
| nominative | *h₃dónts | ||
| genitive | *h₃dn̥tés | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *h₃dónts | *h₃dónth₁(e) | *h₃dóntes |
| vocative | *h₃dónt | *h₃dónth₁(e) | *h₃dóntes |
| accusative | *h₃dóntm̥ | *h₃dónth₁(e) | *h₃dóntm̥s |
| genitive | *h₃dn̥tés | *? | *h₃dn̥tóHom |
| ablative | *h₃dn̥tés | *? | *h₃dn̥tmós, *h₃dn̥tbʰós |
| dative | *h₃dn̥téy | *? | *h₃dn̥tmós, *h₃dn̥tbʰós |
| locative | *h₃dónt, *h₃dónti | *? | *h₃dn̥tsú |
| instrumental | *h₃dn̥téh₁ | *? | *h₃dn̥tmís, *h₃dn̥tbʰís |
Derived terms
[edit]- *h₃dent-ós
- Proto-Germanic: *tindaz (see there for further descendants)
- *h₃dént-ō ~ *h₃dn̥t-nés
- *h₃dént-sneh₂ (root noun)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *déntsnāˀ (see there for further descendants)
- *h₃dónt-o-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hdántas (see there for further descendants)
Descendants
[edit]- Proto-Armenian: *ataman
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dantís (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dentís (< *h₃dént-s) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Celtic: *dant (< *h₃dń̥t-) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *tanþs (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ *tunþskaz (“canine tooth; tusk”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *odónts (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hdáns (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *dents (< *h₃dn̥t-) (see there for further descendants)
References
[edit]- ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “dēns”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 166-167