Appendix:Brythonic Swadesh lists

This is a Swadesh list of Brythonic languages, specifically Proto-Brythonic, Breton, Cornish and Welsh, compared with that of English.

List

№	English	Proto-Brythonic edit (92)	Breton Brezhoneg edit (207)	Cornish Kernewek edit (207)	Welsh Cymraeg edit (207)
1	I (1sg)	*mi	me	my	mi, fi
2	you (2sg)	*ti	te	ty	ti
3	he, she, it (3sg)	*eβ̃	eñ	ev	ef, fe, fo
4	we (1pl)	*ni	ni	ny	ni
5	you (2pl)	*hwi	c'hwi	hwi	chi, chwi
6	they (3pl)		i, int	i	hwy, hwynt, nhw
7	this		an, mañ	an, ma	hwn, y, yma
8	that		an, se	an, na	hwnnw, y, yna
9	here		amañ	omma	yma
10	there		aze, eno	ena	yna
11	who	*puɨ	piv	piw	pwy
12	what		petra	pyth	beth
13	where		pelec'h	ple	ble
14	when		pedavare, pegoulz, peur, pevare	p'eur	pryd
15	how		pegiz, penaos, pevod	fatel	sut, pa fodd
16	not	*ni	ne, ket	ny	ddim, nid
17	all		holl, tout	oll	holl, i gyd, oll
18	many		kalz, lies a	lies, lower	llawer
19	some		bennak, meur a	nebes	rhai, rhyw
20	few		nebeut	nebes	ychydig
21	other		all, arall	aral	arall
22	one	*ʉn	unan	onan	un
23	two	*dọw	daou	dew	dau
24	three	*tri	tri	tri	tair, tri
25	four	*pedwar	pevar	peswar	pedwar
26	five	*pɨmp	pemp	pymp	pump
27	big	*mọr	bras, meur	bras, meur	mawr
28	long	*hir	hir	hir	hir
29	wide	*llɨdan	ledan	ledan	llydan
30	thick	*teɣ	tev, fetis	tew	tew
31	heavy	*trum	pounner	poes	trwm
32	small	*bɨx	bihan	bian, byghan	bach, bychan
33	short	*bɨrr	berr	berr	byr
34	narrow	*kʉl	enk, strizh	kul	cul
35	thin		moan, tanav	moon, tanow	tenau
36	woman	*ben, *gwrėg	gwreg, maouez	benyn	benw, benyw, dynes, gwraig, merch
37	man (adult male)	*gwur	gour, gwaz, den	gour, gwas	dyn, gŵr
38	man (human being)	*dün	den	den	dyn
39	child		bugel	flogh	plant
40	wife	*gwrėg	gwreg	gwreg	gwraig
41	husband	*gwur	gwaz	gour	gŵr
42	mother	*mamm	mamm	mamm	mam
43	father	*tad	tad	tas	tad
44	animal	*mil	aneval, loen, mil	enyval, mil	anifail, mil
45	fish	*uɨsk	pesk	pysk	pysgodyn
46	bird	*edn	evn, labous	edhen	aderyn
47	dog	*ki	ki	ki	ci
48	louse		laou	low	llau
49	snake		naer, sarpant	sarf	neidr, sarff
50	worm	*prɨβ̃	buzhug, preñv	pryv	abwydyn, mwydyn, pryf, pryf genwair
51	tree	*prenn	gwez	gwedh	coed, colfen, pren
52	forest	*koɨd	koad, koed	koos, koswik	coedwig, fforest
53	stick		bazh	lorgh	ffon, llorf
54	fruit		frouezh	frooth	ffrwyth
55	seed		had	has	had
56	leaf		del	delen	dail
57	root		gwrizienn	gwreydh	gwraidd, gwreiddyn
58	bark (of a tree)	*rrisk	rusk	rusk	rhisgl
59	flower	*blọd	bleuñv	bleujen	blodyn
60	grass	*gwellt	geot, gwelt	gwels	gwellt
61	rope		kordenn	lovan, korden	rhaff
62	skin	*krʉn	kroc'hen	kroghen	croen
63	meat		kig	kig	cig
64	blood	*krow	gwad	goos	gwaed
65	bone		askorn	askorn	asgwrn
66	fat (noun)		druz, lart	blonek	saim
67	egg		vi	oy	wy
68	horn		korn	korn	corn
69	tail		lost	lost	cynffon, llost
70	feather		pluñv	pluv	plu
71	hair	*gwollt	blev	blew, gols	blew, gwallt
72	head	*penn	penn	penn	pen
73	ear	*klʉst	skouarn	skovarn	clust
74	eye	*llugad	lagad	lagas	llygad
75	nose	*froɨn	fri	troen	trwyn
76	mouth	*gen	beg, genoù	ganow	ceg, genau
77	tooth	*dant	dant	dans	dant
78	tongue (organ)		teod	taves	tafod
79	fingernail	*ėɣwin	ivin	ewyn	ewin
80	foot		troad, troed	troes	troed
81	leg	*koɨs	gar	garr	coes
82	knee	*glin	glin	glin	glin, pen-glin
83	hand	*llọβ̃	dorn	dorn	llaw
84	wing		askell	askell	adain, asgell
85	belly	*bolɣ	kof, tor	kroth, torr	bol, bola
86	guts		bouzellenn	kolodhyon	coluddion, perfeddion, ymysgaroedd
87	neck		gouzoug	konna	gwddf, gwddwg, mwnwgl
88	back		kein	keyn	cefn
89	breast	*bronn	bronn	bronn	bron
90	heart	*kalwon	kalon	kolon	calon
91	liver		avu	avi	afu
92	to drink	*ɨβɨd	evañ, evet	eva	yfed
93	to eat		debriñ, boueta	dybri	bwyta
94	to bite		dantañ, krogiñ	densel	brathu, cnoi
95	to suck		sunañ, denañ	sugna, dena	sugno
96	to spit		skopat	berya, trewa	poeri
97	to vomit		c'hwedañ, dislonkañ, reucheutiñ	hwyja	chwydu
98	to blow	*hwɨθɨd	c'hwezhañ	hwytha	chwythu
99	to breathe		alanat, analañ	anella	anadlu
100	to laugh		c'hoarzhin	hwerthin	chwerthin
101	to see		gwelet	gweles	gweld
102	to hear	*klüwid	klevet	klywes	clywed
103	to know	*gwɨbod	gouzout	godhvos	gwybod
104	to think		prederiañ, soñjal	prederi	meddwl, tybio
105	to smell		klevet	blasa, klywes	aroglu, clywed aroglau
106	to fear		aoniñ, kaout aon	perthi own	bod ag ofn, ofni
107	to sleep	*kuskɨd	kousket	koska	cysgu
108	to live		bevañ	bywa	byw
109	to die	*marwọd	mervel	merwel	marw
110	to kill	*gwėnɨd	lazhañ	ladha	lladd
111	to fight		gouren, stourm	omladh	brwydro, ymladd
112	to hunt		hemolc'hiñ, chaseal	helghya	hela
113	to hit		skoiñ	gweskel, skwatya	bwrw, taro
114	to cut		troc'hañ	treghi	torri
115	to split		faoutañ	folsa	hollti
116	to stab		gwanañ	gwana, pyghya	gwanu, trywanu
117	to scratch		kravat, skrabat	kravas	cosi
118	to dig	*klėðɨd	kleuzañ	palas	cloddio, palu
119	to swim		neuñviñ	neuvya	nofio
120	to fly		nijal	neyja	hedfan
121	to walk		kerzhet, bale	kerdhes	cerdded
122	to come		dont	dos	dod
123	to lie (as in a bed)		gourvez	gorwedhes	gorwedd
124	to sit		azezañ	esedha	eistedd
125	to stand		sevel	sevel	sefyll
126	to turn (intransitive)		treiñ	treylya	troi
127	to fall		kouezhañ	koedha	cwympo, disgyn, syrthio
128	to give	*rroðọd	reiñ	ry	rhoi
129	to hold		dalc'hen, derc'hel	dalghenna, synsi	dal, dala
130	to squeeze		gwaskañ, stardañ	gwaska, gwrynya, strotha	gwasgu
131	to rub		taravat, frotañ	rutya	rhwtio, rhwbio
132	to wash		golc'hiñ, gwalc'hiñ	golghi	golchi
133	to wipe		sec'hañ, torchañ	sygha	sychu
134	to pull		sachañ, tennañ	tenna	tynnu
135	to push		bountañ	herdhya, pokya	gwthio
136	to throw		teurel, chetañ	tewlel	taflu
137	to tie		koulmañ, eren	kelmi	clymu, rhwymo
138	to sew		gwriat	gwrias, sewya	gwnïo
139	to count		niveriñ, kontañ	akontya, amontya, nivera	rhifo
140	to say		lavaret	leverel	dweud
141	to sing	*kėnɨd	kanañ, kana	kana	canu
142	to play		c'hoari	gwari	chwarae
143	to float		flotañ, neuviñ	neuvella	nofio
144	to flow		deverañ	bera, dinewi	llifo
145	to freeze		reviñ, skornañ	rewi	rhewi
146	to swell		c'hwezañ	hwythfi	chwyddo
147	sun		heol	howl	haul
148	moon	*lloɨr	loar	loer	lleuad, lloer
149	star	*ster	ster	ster	sêr
150	water	*duβr	dour	dowr	dŵr
151	rain		glav	glaw	glaw
152	river	*aβon	aven, rinier, stêr	avon	afon
153	lake		lenn	lynn	llyn
154	sea	*mor	mor	mor	môr
155	salt		holen	holan	halen
156	stone	*klog	maen	karrek, men	carreg, maen
157	sand		traezh	tewes	tywod
158	dust		poultrenn	doust, polter	llwch
159	earth		douar	dor	daear
160	cloud		koumoul	kommol	cwmwl
161	fog		nivlenn, morenn	niwl	niwl
162	sky	*neβ̃	neñv, oabl	ebron	awyr, wybren
163	wind	*gwɨnt	avel, gwent	gwyns, awel	gwynt
164	snow	*ėrɣ	erc'h	ergh	eira
165	ice	*jaɣ	skorn	rew, yey	iâ
166	smoke		moged	mog	mwg
167	fire		tan	tan	tân
168	ash		ludu	lusow	lludw
169	to burn		leskiñ, deviñ	leski	llosgi
170	road	*hɨnt	hent	fordh, hens	ffordd, heol, hynt
171	mountain	*mönɨð	menez	menydh	mynydd
172	red	*rrʉð	ruz	rudh	coch, rhudd
173	green	*glas	glas, gwer	glas, gwyrdh	glas, gwyrdd
174	yellow		melen	melyn	melyn
175	white	*gwɨnn	gwenn	gwynn	gwyn
176	black	*duβ	du	du	du
177	night		noz	nos	nos
178	day	*dið	dez, deiz	dydh	dydd
179	year		bloaz, bloavezh, blizen	blydhen	blwyddyn
180	warm		tomm, toemm	toemm	cynnes, twym
181	cold		yen, yein	yeyn	oer
182	full	*llọn	leun	leun	llawn
183	new	*nöwɨð	nevez	nowydh	newydd
184	old	*hen	hen, kozh	hen, koth	hen
185	good	*mad	da, mad	da, mas	da, mad
186	bad	*drug	fall, drouk	drog	drwg
187	rotten	*braɨn	brein	breyn, poder	braen, pwdr
188	dirty		lous, loudour	plos	brwnt, budr
189	straight		eeun	ewn	syth
190	round	*krunn	krenn, ront	krenn	crwn
191	sharp (as a knife)		lemm	lymm	llym, miniog
192	dull (as a knife)		dall, soc'h	sogh	pŵl
193	smooth		levn, lintr	gwastas, leven	llyfn
194	wet	*gwlɨb	gwleb	glyb, gwlygh	gwlyb
195	dry	*sɨx	sec'h	sygh	sych
196	correct		reizh	ewn	certh, cywir, iawn
197	near		tost, ogos	ogas	agos
198	far		pell	pell	pell
199	right		dehou	deghow	de
200	left	*kleð	kleiz, klez	kledh	chwith, cledd
201	at		da	orth	at, wrth
202	in	*ɨn	e, en, ba, e-barzh	yn	mewn, yn
203	with		gant, get	gans	â, efo, gan, gyda
204	and		ha	ha	a
205	if		ma, mar, pe	mar	os, pe
206	because		dre ma, abalamour ma, peogwir	drefenn	achos, oherwydd
207	name	*anw	anv	hanow	enw

Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Albanian Amdo Tibetan Amharic Antillean Creole Arabic Cypriot Arabic Egyptian Arabic Juba Arabic Moroccan Arabic South Levantine Arabic Tunisian Arabic Armenian Aromanian Assamese Asturian Avar Awadhi Fiji Hindi Azerbaijani Bangala Bashkir Basque Belarusian Bengali Berber Moroccan Amazigh Tashelhit Central Atlas Tamazight Kabyle Tarifit Bhojpuri Breton Bugis Bulgarian Burmese Burushaski Cantonese Cape Verdean Carpathian Rusyn Catalan Cebuano Central Bikol Chambeali Chavacano Chechen Cornish Crimean Tatar Czech Old Czech Dalmatian Danish Dhivehi Dutch Afrikaans Limburgish Zealandic Egyptian English Middle English Old English Elamite Estonian Etruscan Fanagalo Faroese Fijian Finnish Fongbe French Middle French Old French Frisian Friulian Galician Gallo Gan Garo Garhwali Gaulish Gelao Georgian German Gothic Greek Ancient Greek Mariupol Greek Guaraní Guinea-Bissau Creole Gujarati Haitian Creole Hakka Hausa Hawaiian Hebrew Hindi Hindustani Hittite Hmong Hungarian Hunsrik Icelandic Ilocano Ingush Irish Italian Jamaican Creole Japanese Old Japanese Classical Japanese Javanese Kannada Kapampangan Kashubian Kashmiri Kazakh Khmer Komi-Zyrian Konkani Jizhao Jaunsari Korean Jeju Middle Korean Kurdish Kurmanji Sorani Kurukh Kusunda Kyrgyz Latin Vulgar Latin Latvian Latgalian Ligurian Lingala Linngithigh Lithuanian Lombard Low Saxon Lower Sorbian Luwian Macedonian Maguindanao Maithili Makasar Malagasy Malay Betawi Indonesian Musi Malayalam Maltese Mandarin Mandaic Manx Māori Maranao Marathi Old Marathi Mauritian Creole Megleno-Romanian Meitei/Manipuri Middle Chinese Min Hokkien Eastern Min Mingrelian Mongolian Mokilese Muong Navajo Neapolitan Nepali Norwegian Bokmål Norwegian Nynorsk Northern Mansi Nihali Occitan Odia Ojibwe Okinawan Old Chinese Old Tupi Osing Ossetian Papiamento Pashto Persian Middle Persian Old Persian Pirahã Polabian Polish Old Polish Portuguese Old Portuguese Prasun Punjabi Purepecha Quechua Romani Caló Romanian Russian Sangisari Sanskrit Saraiki Scottish Gaelic Serbo-Croatian Siberian Tatar Sicilian Silesian Sindhi Sinhala Slovak Slovene Somali Spanish Old Spanish Sranan Sumerian Sundanese Swahili Swedish Tagalog Tahitian Tajik Tamil Tatar Telugu Temiar Tetum Tigrinya Thai Tocharian B Tok Pisin Tooro Torwali Tswana Turkish Turkmen Tuvaluan Ukrainian Upper Sorbian Urdu Uyghur Uzbek Vietnamese Walloon Waray-Waray Welsh Wu Wutun Yiddish Zazaki Zulu Xiang ǃXóõ
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Afroasiatic Algonquian and Iroquoian Arabic Austroasiatic Austronesian (Oceanic) Baltic Bantu Berber Celtic Brythonic Chumashan and Hokan Dené–Yeniseian Dravidian Formosan Frisian Germanic West Germanic Hellenic Hmong-Mien Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan Middle Early New Dardic Pahari Rajasthani Sindhic Iranian Nuristani Italian Japonic Kho-Bwa Kuki-Chin Kra–Dai Mayan Muskogean Niger–Congo Northeast Caucasian Northwest Caucasian Oto-Manguean Paleosiberian Pama-Nyungan Penutian Romance Sino-Tibetan Sinitic Raji-Raute Tibeto-Burman Tibeto-Burman (Nepal) Tocharian Slavic Siouan and Pawnee South American Tungusic Tupian Turkic Uralic Finnic Uto-Aztecan
Constructed languages
Esperanto Ido Interlingua Lidepla Lojban Toki Pona
Reconstructed proto-languages
Proto-Afroasiatic Proto-Austroasiatic Proto-Austronesian Proto-Balto-Slavic Proto-Bantu Proto-Basque Proto-Celtic Proto-Germanic Proto-Hellenic Proto-Indo-European Proto-Indo-Iranian Proto-Italic Proto-Japonic Proto-Mayan Proto-Nuristani Proto-Slavic Proto-Turkic Proto-West Germanic Proto-Tai
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