From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
This is a Swadesh list of words in Scots English .
For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list .American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.
№ English ScotsScots edit (207) 1 I (1sg )A Ik I 2 you (2sg )thoo you ye 3 he , she , it (3sg )he scho hit 4 we (1pl )we 5 you (2pl )thoo you ye 6 they (3pl )thay 7 this this 8 that that 'at 9 here here 10 there thare 11 who wha 12 what whit 13 where whaur 14 when whan 15 how hou 16 not no 17 all aw 18 many mony 19 some some 20 few few 21 other ither 22 one ane ae 23 two twa 24 three three 25 four fower 26 five five 27 big big lairge 28 long lang 29 wide wide 30 thick thick 31 heavy hivy 32 small smaw wee 33 short short cutty 34 narrow nairae 35 thin thin 36 woman wumman 37 man (adult male)man 38 man (human being)man 39 child child bairn wean 40 wife wife guidwife 41 husband husband guidman 42 mother mither 43 father faither 44 animal ainimal beast 45 fish fish 46 bird bird foul 47 dog dug 48 louse loose 49 snake snake 50 worm wirm 51 tree tree 52 forest wid 53 stick stick 54 fruit fruit 55 seed seed 56 leaf leaf 57 root ruit 58 bark (of a tree)baurk 59 flower flouer 60 grass gress girse 61 rope raip towe 62 skin skin hide 63 meat meat flesh 64 blood bluid 65 bone bane 66 fat (noun)fat 67 egg egg 68 horn horn 69 tail tail 70 feather feather 71 hair hair 72 head heid 73 ear ear lug 74 eye ee 75 nose nose neb 76 mouth mooth 77 tooth tuith 78 tongue (organ)tongue 79 fingernail fingernail 80 foot fit 81 leg leg 82 knee knee 83 hand haund 84 wing weeng 85 belly belly 86 guts guts 87 neck neck hause 88 back back 89 breast breest 90 heart hert 91 liver liver 92 to drink drink 93 to eat eat 94 to bite bite 95 to suck souk 96 to spit spit 97 to vomit vomit bowk 98 to blow blaw 99 to breathe end breaithe 100 to laugh lauch 101 to see see 102 to hear here 103 to know knaw ken 104 to think thick 105 to smell smell 106 to fear fear 107 to sleep sleep 108 to live leeve 109 to die dee 110 to kill kill 111 to fight fecht 112 to hunt hunt 113 to hit hit straik 114 to cut cut 115 to split spleet 116 to stab stob 117 to scratch scrat scart 118 to dig dig 119 to swim sweem 120 to fly flee 121 to walk walk 122 to come come 123 to lie (as in a bed) lie lig 124 to sit sit 125 to stand staund 126 to turn (intransitive) turn 127 to fall faw 128 to give gie 129 to hold haud 130 to squeeze squeeze press 131 to rub rub 132 to wash wash 133 to wipe wipe dicht 134 to pull pou 135 to push push putt 136 to throw thraw cast fling 137 to tie tie 138 to sew shew 139 to count coont reckon 140 to say say 141 to sing sing 142 to play play 143 to float fleet sweem 144 to flow flowe rin 145 to freeze freeze 146 to swell swall 147 sun sun 148 moon muin 149 star starn 150 water watter 151 rain rain 152 river river 153 lake loch 154 sea sea 155 salt saut 156 stone stane 157 sand saund 158 dust dist stour 159 earth erd yird 160 cloud clood clud 161 fog rouk haar 162 sky sky 163 wind wind 164 snow snaw 165 ice ice 166 smoke smeuk reek 167 fire fire 168 ash ess 169 to burn birn 170 road wey gate road 171 mountain muntain 172 red reid 173 green gren 174 yellow yellae 175 white white 176 black black 177 night nicht 178 day day 179 year year 180 warm wairm 181 cold cauld 182 full fou 183 new new 184 old auld 185 good guid 186 bad bad ill 187 rotten rotten 188 dirty dirty 189 straight straucht 190 round roond 191 sharp (as a knife)shairp 192 dull (as a knife)dull blunt 193 smooth smuith 194 wet weet 195 dry dry 196 correct richt correct 197 near naur 198 far faur 199 right richt 200 left left 201 at at 202 in in ben 203 with wi 204 and an 205 if gif 206 because acause 207 name name
Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
(edit this template )
