From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
This is a Swadesh list of words in Old Irish English .
For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list .American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.
№
English
Old Irish
1
I
mé
2
you
tú
3
he
é
4
we
sní
5
you (plural)
sib síi
6
they
é
7
this
in so
8
that
in sin in tall
9
here
sund
10
there
tall
11
who
cía
12
what
cid
13
where
cairm cía airm cía dú
14
when
cuin
15
how
cía chruth cía indas cindas co
16
not
ní nícon
17
all
uile
18
many
il imdae mór
19
some
nach
20
few
bec terc úathad
21
other
aile
22
one
óen
23
two
dá
24
three
trí
25
four
cethair
26
five
cóic
27
big
oll mór
28
long
fota sír
29
wide
lethan
30
thick
remor tiug
31
heavy
trom
32
small
bec
33
short
cummair berr gerr
34
narrow
cáel cumung
35
thin
séim tanae
36
woman
ben
37
man (adult male)
fer
38
man (human being)
duine
39
child (youth)
lenab noídiu
40
wife
ben séitig
41
husband
céile fer
42
mother
máthair
43
father
athair
44
animal
anmandae míl robb
45
fish
íasc
46
bird
én
47
dog
cú matad
48
louse
míl míl étgudo
49
snake
nathair
50
worm
cruim
51
tree
crann fid
52
forest
caill fid fidbad ros ruud
53
stick (of wood)
flesc maide
54
fruit
mess torad
55
seed
síl
56
leaf
duilne
57
root
frém mecon
58
bark (of tree)
coirt croiccenn crottball rúsc
59
flower
bláth scoth
60
grass
fér
61
rope
loman súainem tét
62
skin (of a person)
cnes croiccenn
63
meat (as in flesh)
cúa féoil
64
blood
crú fuil
65
bone
cnáim
66
fat (noun)
béoil blonac geir íth
67
egg
og
68
horn
adarc benn corn
69
tail
erball err
70
feather (rather not down)
cleitte
71
hair
finna folt
72
head
cenn
73
ear
áu clúas
74
eye
rosc súil
75
nose
srón
76
mouth
á bél gin
77
tooth (rather not molar)
dét fíacail
78
tongue
tengae
79
fingernail
ingen
80
foot
cos traig
81
leg
cos
82
knee
glún
83
hand
lám
84
wing
ette scíath
85
belly
bolg brú
86
guts
cáelán inathar
87
neck
brága muin muinél
88
back
cúl druimm
89
breast
cích
90
heart
cride
91
liver
óa
92
to drink
ibid
93
to eat
ithid
94
to bite
benaid greimm
95
to suck
dinid súigid
96
to spit
do·beir saile
97
to vomit
sceïd
98
to blow (as wind)
do·infet séitid
99
to breathe
do·beir anál
100
to laugh
gáirid tibid
101
to see
ad·cí
102
to hear
ro·cluinethar
103
to know (a fact)
at·tá a ḟis oc ro·fitir
104
to think
imm·rádi smúainid
105
to smell (sense odor)
boltaigidir
106
to fear
ad·ágathar eclaigid gaibid ecla (with subject and object reversed) , is ómun la (with subject as the object of)
107
to sleep
con·tuili
108
to live
ar·beir biuth at·tá beó maraid
109
to die
at·baill baïd fo·gaib bás téit bás
110
to kill
marbaid oirgid
111
to fight
cathaigid fichid
112
to hunt (transitive)
ad·claid do·seinn
113
to hit
benaid bongaid búailid slaidid sligid
114
to cut
do·esc gerraid snaidid
115
to split
dlongid
116
to stab (or stick)
cailgid tollaid
117
to scratch (an itch)
scrípaid tochasaid
118
to dig
claidid
119
to swim
snáïd
120
to fly
fo·luathar
121
to walk
siblaid teít
122
to come
do·icc do·tét
123
to lie (as on one's side)
laigid
124
to sit
saidid
125
to stand
do·airissedar
126
to turn (change direction)
imm·soí sóïd
127
to fall (as in drop)
do·tuit
128
to give
do·beir
129
to hold (in one's hand)
gaibid
130
to squeeze
fáiscid tendaid timsaigid
131
to rub
con·meil
132
to wash
folcaid fothraicid ind·aim
133
to wipe
[Term?]
134
to pull
do·srenga srengaid
135
to push
ad·aig
136
to throw
caithid do·léci fo·ceird sneidid sréïd
137
to tie
cenglaid con·rig sníid
138
to sew
úaigid
139
to count
rímid
140
to say
as·beir labraithir ráidid
141
to sing
canaid
142
to play
cluichigidir imm·beir
143
to float
snáïd
144
to flow
bruinnid dolin silid snigid
145
to freeze
reódaid téchtaid
146
to swell
attaid bolgaid
147
sun
grían
148
moon
éscae ré
149
star
rétglu rind
150
water
dobur uisce
151
rain
bráen flechud
152
river
aub
153
lake
linn loch
154
sea (as in ocean)
fairrge ler muir trethan
155
salt
salann
156
stone
cloch lía
157
sand
gainem
158
dust
lúaith lúaithred
159
earth (as in soil)
talam úir
160
cloud
nél
161
fog
ceó
162
sky
aer nem
163
wind (as in breeze)
gáeth
164
snow
snechtae
165
ice
aig
166
smoke
dé
167
fire
áed daig teine
168
ash
lúaith
169
to burn (intransitive)
bruthnaigidir teinnid
170
road
bóthar conar rót slige
171
mountain
benn slíab
172
red
derg rúad
173
green
glas úaine
174
yellow
buide
175
white
bán finn gel
176
black
dub
177
night
adaig
178
day (daytime)
día lá
179
year
blíadain
180
warm (as in weather)
té
181
cold (as in weather)
úar
182
full
lán
183
new
núa
184
old
sen
185
good
dag maith so-
186
bad
droch olc
187
rotten (as, a log)
brén
188
dirty
salach
189
straight
díriuch
190
round
cruinn
191
sharp (as a knife)
áith gér
192
dull (as a knife)
máel
193
smooth
mín réid
194
wet
fliuch
195
dry (adjective)
tírim
196
right (correct)
cert cóir
197
near
ocus
198
far
cían i fat
199
right (side)
dess
200
left (side)
clé túath-
201
at
oc
202
in
i
203
with (accompanying)
co i n-arrad la
204
and
ocus
205
if
día má
206
because
hóre
207
name
ainmm
Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
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