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crann

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Crann

Irish

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Etymology

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From Old Irish crann, from Proto-Celtic *kʷresnom.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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crann m (genitive singular crainn, nominative plural crainn)

  1. tree
  2. pole, stake
  3. beam
  4. trunk, handle
  5. (construction) wood, timber, lumber
  6. (nautical) mast
  7. crane (device)

Declension

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Declension of crann (first declension)
bare forms
case singular plural
nominative crann crainn
vocative a chrainn a chranna
genitive crainn crann
dative crann crainn
forms with the definite article
case singular plural
nominative an crann na crainn
genitive an chrainn na gcrann
dative leis an gcrann
don chrann 		leis na crainn

Derived terms

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Mutation

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Mutated forms of crann
radical lenition eclipsis
crann chrann gcrann

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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Old Irish

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Etymology

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From Proto-Celtic *kʷresnom. Cognate to Welsh pren.[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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crann n (genitive cruinn)

  1. tree
    • c. 760 Blathmac mac Con Brettan, published in "A study of the lexicon of the poems of Blathmac Son of Cú Brettan" (2017; PhD thesis, National University of Ireland Maynooth), edited and with translations by Siobhán Barrett, stanza 64
      To·fich sruth folo – ró tinn – combu derg snob cech óenchruinn.
      A stream of blood gushed forth – too severe – so that the bark of every single tree was red.
    • c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 61b13
      .i. don chrunn fésin is nomen buxum hi sin, ni don torud ⁊ is ainsid neutair.
      The word buxum here is for the tree itself, not for the fruit, and it is an accusative neuter.
  2. wood, timber
    • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 18b4
      .i. roth cruind forsa ndenat na cerda in lestrai nui ł. cran cruin immua mbiat ocua ndenum.
      i.e. a round wheel on which the potters make the new vessels, or a round piece of wood around which [the potters] are while making [the vessels].

Inflection

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Neuter o-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative crannN crannN crannL, cranna
Vocative crannN crannN crannL, cranna
Accusative crannN crannN crannL, cranna
Genitive cruinnL crann crannN
Dative crunnL crannaib crannaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

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  • Middle Irish: crann

Mutation

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Mutation of crann
radical lenition nasalization
crann chrann crann
pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kʷresno-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 181

Further reading

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Scottish Gaelic

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Crann (1).
Crann (2).
Crann (3).
Crainn (4).
Tha crann (5) air bratach na h-Alba.
Crann (8).

Etymology

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From Middle Irish crann (“tree”), from Old Irish crann. Cognates include Irish crann and Manx croan.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /kʰɾau̯n̪ˠ/
  • Hyphenation: crann

Noun

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crann m (genitive singular crainn or croinn, plural crainn or croinn)

  1. plough
  2. mast (of a ship)
  3. bar, bolt
  4. beam, shaft
  5. saltire
  6. pole (point of rotation)
  7. cran (measure for herring)
  8. crane (device for lifting)
  9. lot (device for determining luck)
  10. (chiefly in compounds) tree

Declension

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With the slenderised vowel -ai-:

Declension of crann (type I masculine noun)
Indefinite
Singular Plural
Nominative crann crainn
Genitive crainn chrann
Dative crann crainn; crannaibh✝
Definite
Singular Plural
Nominative (an) crann (na) crainn
Genitive (a') chrainn (nan) crann
Dative (a') chrann (na) crainn; crannaibh✝
Vocative chrainn chranna

✝ obsolete form, used until the 19th century

With the slenderised vowel -oi-:

Declension of crann (type I masculine noun)
Indefinite
Singular Plural
Nominative crann croinn
Genitive croinn chrann
Dative crann croinn; crannaibh✝
Definite
Singular Plural
Nominative (an) crann (na) croinn
Genitive (a') chroinn (nan) crann
Dative (a') chrann (na) croinn; crannaibh✝
Vocative chroinn chranna

✝ obsolete form, used until the 19th century

Derived terms

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Mutation

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Mutation of crann
radical lenition
crann chrann

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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  • Edward Dwelly (1911) “crann”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎[1], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
  • Colin Mark (2003) “crann”, in The Gaelic-English dictionary, London: Routledge, →ISBN, page 174
  • Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “crann”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
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