Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kʷresnom

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷres- (“bush, thicket”); related to Proto-West Germanic *hursti (archaic English hurst) and Ancient Greek πρῖνος (prînos, “holm oak”).

Noun

*kʷresnom n

1. tree
2. wood

Inflection

Neuter o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kʷresnom	*kʷresnou	*kʷresnā
vocative	*kʷresnom	*kʷresnou	*kʷresnā
accusative	*kʷresnom	*kʷresnou	*kʷresnā
genitive	*kʷresnī	*kʷresnous	*kʷresnom
dative	*kʷresnūi	*kʷresnobom	*kʷresnobos
locative	*kʷresnei	*?	*?
instrumental	*kʷresnū	*kʷresnobim	*kʷresnūis

Derived terms

• *kʷresnogalā

Descendants

• Proto-Brythonic: *prenn
  • Old Breton: pren
    • Middle Breton: prenn
      • Breton: prenn
  • Old Cornish: pren
    • Cornish: pren
  • Middle Welsh: prenn
    • Welsh: pren
• Old Irish: crann
  • Middle Irish: crann
    • Irish: crann
    • Manx: croan
    • Scottish Gaelic: crann
• Gaulish: prenne (“big tree”)

References

• Matasović, Ranko (2009) “kʷresno-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 181
• Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 160