Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kʷresnogalā

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From *kʷresnom (“tree, wood”) +‎ *galā (“fury”).

Noun

*kʷresnogalā f

1. Refers to a wide range of wooden objects, see descendants

Inflection

Feminine ā-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kʷresnogalā	*kʷresnogalai	*kʷresnogalās
vocative	*kʷresnogalā	*kʷresnogalai	*kʷresnogalās
accusative	*kʷresnogalam	*kʷresnogalai	*kʷresnogalāms
genitive	*kʷresnogalās	*kʷresnogalous	*kʷresnogalom
dative	*kʷresnogalāi	*kʷresnogalābom	*kʷresnogalābos
locative	*kʷresnogalai	*?	*?
instrumental	*?	*kʷresnogalābim	*kʷresnogalābis

Descendants

• Proto-Brythonic: *prennɣal
  • Middle Welsh: prennyal, prenial (“spear fight”)
    • Welsh: prenial (“box, coffin”)
• Middle Irish: cranngal (“timber; something wooden, including spears”)
  • Classical Gaelic: crannghal

References

• John Koch, editor (2006), “warfare, Proto-Celtic vocabulary”, in Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia, Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, →ISBN, page 1750