crú

Irish

Etymology 1

From Middle Irish crua, from Old Irish cróa.

Alternative forms

• crudh (obsolete)
• cruth (Ulster)

Pronunciation

• (Munster, Connacht) IPA^(key): /kɾˠuː/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /kɾˠʊh/ (corresponding to the form cruth)

Noun

crú m (genitive singular crú, nominative plural crúite)

1. horseshoe, shoe

Declension

Declension of crú (fourth declension)

bare forms case singular plural nominative crú crúite vocative a chrú a chrúite genitive crú crúite dative crú crúite forms with the definite article case singular plural nominative an crú na crúite genitive an chrú na gcrúite dative leis an gcrú don chrú leis na crúite

Further reading

• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “cruḋ”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 202
• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “crú”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

• crúdhadh (obsolete)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɾˠuː/

Noun

crú m (genitive singular as substantive crú, genitive as verbal noun crúite)

1. verbal noun of crúigh (“to milk”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of crú

radical	lenition	eclipsis
crú	chrú	gcrú

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *krūs, from Proto-Indo-European *kréwh₂s.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kruː]

Noun

crú m

1. blood

   Synonym: fuil

Inflection

Masculine irregular

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	crú	—	—
vocative	crú	—	—
accusative	crúN	—	—
genitive	cróu, cráu	—	—
dative	crúL	—	—

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

• ^H = triggers aspiration
• ^L = triggers lenition
• ^N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Irish: cró

Mutation

Mutation of crú

radical	lenition	nasalization
crú	chrú	crú pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “crú”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language