crua

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈkɾu.ə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈkɾu.a]

Adjective

crua

1. feminine singular of cru

Irish

Alternative forms

• cruaidh (superseded)

Etymology

From Old Irish crúaid (“hard, hardy, harsh; stern, strict”), from Proto-Celtic *kroudis, from Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂-.

Pronunciation

• (Munster) IPA^(key): /kɾˠuəɟ/, [kɾˠuɛ̯ɟ] (corresponding to the pre-reform spelling cruaidh)
• (Connacht) IPA^(key): /kɾˠuə/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /kɾˠuəj/, [kɾˠui̯] (corresponding to the pre-reform spelling cruaidh)

Adjective

crua (comparative crua or cruacha)

1. hard, firm
2. difficult
3. severe

Declension

Declension of crua

	singular		plural (m/f)
Positive	masculine	feminine	(strong noun)	(weak noun)
nominative	crua	chrua	crua; chrua2
vocative	chrua		crua
genitive		crua	crua	crua
dative	crua; chrua1	chrua	crua; chrua2
Comparative	níos crua
Superlative	is crua

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

• Alternative comparative form: cruacha (Cois Fharraige)

Derived terms

• casacht chrua thirim
• crua sa bholg
• crua sa chorp
• crua-adhmad
• crua-ae
• crua-ailse
• crua-aimsir
• crua-chlár
• crua-chré
• crua-earra
• cruabhéalach
• cruabheirithe
• cruabhruite
• cruach
• cruachaol
• cruachás
• cruacheist
• cruachiseal
• cruachlár
• cruachomhla
• cruachraicneach
• cruachroíoch
• cruachroíocht
• cruacht
• cruadhéanta
• cruaigh
• cruáil
• crualuachair
• cruamhuineálach
• cruán
• deoch chrua
• uisce crua

Noun

crua f (genitive singular crua)

1. hardness

Declension

Declension of crua (fourth declension, no plural)

bare forms case singular nominative crua vocative a chrua genitive crua dative crua forms with the definite article case singular nominative an chrua genitive na crua dative leis an gcrua don chrua

Noun

crua m (genitive singular cruaite)

1. Alternative form of cruachan (“hardening”)

Declension

Declension of crua (irregular, no plural)

bare forms case singular nominative crua vocative a chrua genitive cruaite dative crua forms with the definite article case singular nominative an crua genitive an chruaite dative leis an gcrua don chrua

Mutation

Mutated forms of crua

radical	lenition	eclipsis
crua	chrua	gcrua

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “cruaiḋ”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 202
• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “crua”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “crúaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Old Galician-Portuguese

Etymology

Inherited from Latin crūdam.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɾu.a/
• Rhymes: -ua

Adjective

crua

1. feminine singular of cruu

Descendants

• Galician: crúa
• Portuguese: crua

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɾu.ɐ/

• Rhymes: -uɐ
• Hyphenation: cru‧a

Adjective

crua

1. feminine singular of cru

Venetan

Adjective

crua f sg

1. feminine singular of cruo