Jump to content

cruach

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Irish

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

From crua (hard) +‎ -ach.

Alternative forms

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

cruach f (genitive singular cruach)

  1. steel (metal alloy)
Declension
[edit]
Declension of cruach (fourth declension, no plural)
bare forms
case singular
nominative cruach
vocative a chruach
genitive cruach
dative cruach
forms with the definite article
case singular
nominative an chruach
genitive na cruach
dative leis an gcruach
don chruach
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

From Middle Irish crúach, from Old Irish crúach (stack; mountain, hill),[4] from Proto-Celtic *krowkos (heap), probably from Proto-Indo-European *krewH- (to heap up), shared with Proto-Germanic *hraukaz (heap), Lithuanian kruvà (heap).[5][6]

Noun

[edit]

cruach f (genitive singular cruaiche, nominative plural cruacha)

  1. stack (of corn or hay), pile
  2. (geography) hill, mountain
Declension
[edit]
Declension of cruach (second declension)
bare forms
case singular plural
nominative cruach cruacha
vocative a chruach a chruacha
genitive cruaiche cruach
dative cruach
cruaich (archaic, dialectal)
cruacha
forms with the definite article
case singular plural
nominative an chruach na cruacha
genitive na cruaiche na gcruach
dative leis an gcruach
leis an gcruaich (archaic, dialectal)
don chruach
don chruaich (archaic, dialectal)
leis na cruacha
Descendants
[edit]
  • English: croagh
  • Yola: kurkeen

Verb

[edit]

cruach (present analytic cruachann, future analytic cruachfaidh, verbal noun cruachadh, past participle cruachta)

  1. (transitive) stack; pile
Conjugation
[edit]
Derived terms
[edit]

Mutation

[edit]
Mutated forms of cruach
radical lenition eclipsis
cruach chruach gcruach

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 209, page 105
  2. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 151, page 59
  3. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 27, page 14
  4. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 crúach”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  5. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “krowko-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 226-27
  6. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “616”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 616

Further reading

[edit]

Scottish Gaelic

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Old Irish crúach (stack of corn; rick; heap, conical pile; mountain, hill), from Proto-Celtic *krowko- (heap), probably from Proto-Indo-European *krā(u)- (to heap up), shared with Proto-Germanic *hraukaz (heap), Lithuanian krûvà (heap).[1][2]

Noun

[edit]

cruach f (genitive singular cruaiche, plural cruachan)

  1. pile, heap, stack
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

From Old Irish crúachaid (heaps, piles), from crúach (heap, pile).

Verb

[edit]

cruach (past chruach, future cruachaidh, verbal noun cruachadh, past participle cruachte)

  1. pile or heap up
  2. make into a stack

Mutation

[edit]
Mutation of cruach
radical lenition
cruach chruach

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “krowko”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 226-27
  2. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1513”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1513