cruth

English

Noun

cruth (plural cruths)

1. Alternative spelling of crwth

References

• “cruth”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

Anagrams

• rutch

Irish

Pronunciation

• (Munster) IPA^(key): /kɾˠɞh/, /kɾˠɯh/
• (Connacht, Ulster) IPA^(key): /kɾˠʊ(h)/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish cruth (“shape, form”), from Proto-Celtic *kʷritus, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make”).

Noun

cruth m (genitive singular crutha, nominative plural cruthanna)

1. shape, appearance
2. state, condition
3. manner, mode

Declension

Declension of cruth (third declension)

bare forms case singular plural nominative cruth cruthanna vocative a chruth a chruthanna genitive crutha cruthanna dative cruth cruthanna forms with the definite article case singular plural nominative an cruth na cruthanna genitive an chrutha na gcruthanna dative leis an gcruth don chruth leis na cruthanna

Derived terms

• anchruth
• athchruth (“change of shape”)
• beathachruth
• buanchruth
• -chruthach
• comhchruthach
• creatchruth
• cruthach (“shapely”)
• cruthaigh (“create”)
• cruthlíne (“form line”)
• cruthúil (“shapely”)
• dea-chruthach
• droch-chruthach
• ilchruthach
• ilchruthacht (“polymorphism”)
• imchruth
• leabhairchruth
• míchruthach
• scáthchruth
• tonnchruth (“wave shape”)
• ubhchruth

 

Etymology 2

Noun

cruth m (genitive singular cruith, nominative plural cruitheacha)

1. Ulster form of crú (“horseshoe”)

Declension

Declension of cruth (first declension)

bare forms case singular plural nominative cruth cruitheacha vocative a chruith a chruitheacha genitive cruith cruitheacha dative cruth cruitheacha forms with the definite article case singular plural nominative an cruth na cruitheacha genitive an chruith na gcruitheacha dative leis an gcruth don chruth leis na cruitheacha

Mutation

Mutated forms of cruth

radical	lenition	eclipsis
cruth	chruth	gcruth

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “cruth”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Old Irish

Alternative forms

• crud

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *kʷritus (compare Welsh pryd), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kruθ/

Noun

cruth m (genitive crotha)

1. form, shape
   • c. 760 Blathmac mac Con Brettan, published in "A study of the lexicon of the poems of Blathmac Son of Cú Brettan" (2017; PhD thesis, National University of Ireland Maynooth), edited and with translations by Siobhán Barrett, stanza 8

     Sainemlu cech dóen a chruth,

     More excellent his form than that of any human being,

2. manner, way (used adverbially)
   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 3^d27

     is in chuth sin bimmi nóib-ni

     i.e. it is in that way we shall be holy.

Declension

Masculine u-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	cruth, crud	cruthL, crud	crothaeH
Vocative	cruth, crud	cruthL, crud	crothu
Accusative	cruthN, crud	cruthL, crud	crothu
Genitive	crothoH, crothaH	crothoL, crothaL	crothaeN
Dative	cruthL, crud	crothaib	crothaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms

• cruthaigidir
• in chrud so
• in chruth sin

 

Descendants

• Irish: cruth
• Manx: croo
• Scottish Gaelic: cruth

Mutation

Mutation of cruth

radical	lenition	nasalization
cruth	chruth	cruth pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 cruth”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish cruth (“shape, form”), from Proto-Celtic *kʷritus, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɾuh/

Noun

cruth m (genitive singular crutha, plural cruthan or cruthannan)

1. shape, form

   Synonym: cumadh

Derived terms

• cruth-clò
• cruth-tìre

 

Mutation

Mutation of cruth

radical	lenition
cruth	chruth

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Edward Dwelly (1911) “cruth”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎^[1], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 cruth”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language