cróa

Old Irish

cróa (“horse hoof or shoe”)

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

cróa m

1. hoof
   • c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 46^b13

     cróa ― glosses Latin ungula (“hoof”)

2. horseshoe
   • Sechtae, published in Ancient Laws of Ireland: Uraicecht Becc and Certain Other Selected Brehon Law Tracts (1901, Dublin: Stationery Office), edited and with translations by W. Neilson Hancock, Thaddeus O'Mahony, Alexander George Richey, and Robert Atkinson, vol. 5, pp. 117-373, page 156

     Atait secht n-aithsceanmanda feardu [sic; leg. At·taat secht n-aithscenmann fertae] fuil la Feine, na·tuillit fíachu na othrus... aithsceinm a cruib [e]ach, [...]

     There are seven reboundings that shed blood among the Irish that do not incur debts nor medical expense [for the one responsible for the injury to care for the injured]... [e.g.] the rebounding of horses' horseshoes...

Inflection

Masculine io-stem

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	crue, cróa	crueL, cróa	cruiL
vocative	crui	crueL, cróa	cruu
accusative	crueN, cróa	crueL, cróa	cruuH
genitive	cruiL	crueL, cróa	crueN, cróa
dative	cruuL	cruib	cruib

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

• ^H = triggers aspiration
• ^L = triggers lenition
• ^N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Middle Irish: crua
  • Irish: crú (“animal shoe”)
  • Scottish Gaelic: crudha
  • Manx: crou (“animal shoe, tyre”)

Mutation

Mutation of cróa

radical	lenition	nasalization
cróa	chróa	cróa pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cruë”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language