cumung

Old Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkuβ̃uŋɡ]

Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *komangus (compare Welsh cyfyng), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“beside, near, by, with”) + *h₂enǵʰ- (“tight, painfully constricted”).

Adjective

cumung

1. narrow, constricted, close, compressed, restricted, constrained
   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 16^a12

     .i. is cumung fuirib-si immurgu occa nairitin na forcetal-sin.

     You are constrained, however, in receiving those teachings.

   • c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 6^a17

     .i. tim[m]thastaib nó cumcaib

     compressed or constricted (glossing Latin fixis)

Declension

u-stem
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	cumung	cumung	cumung
Vocative	cumung
Accusative	cumung	cumuing
Genitive	cumuing	cumgae	cumuing
Dative	cumung	cumuing	cumung
Plural	Masculine	Feminine/neuter
Nominative	cumgai	cumgai
Vocative	cumgai
Accusative	cumgai
Genitive	*
Dative	cumgaib
Notes	*not attested in Old Irish; same as nominative singular masculine in Middle Irish

Descendants

• Middle Irish: cumang
  • Irish: cúng
  • Manx: coon
  • Scottish Gaelic: cumhang

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cumung”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

cumung

1. dative singular of cumang

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
cumung	chumung	cumung pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.