gáeth

See also: gaeth and gæþ

Old Irish

Alternative forms

• gaíth

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡaːi̯θ]

Etymology 1

Adjective

gáeth

1. wise
2. intelligent

Inflection

o/ā-stem
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	gáeth	gáeth	gáeth
Vocative	gaíth* gáeth**
Accusative	gáeth	gaíth
Genitive	gaíth	gaíthe	gaíth
Dative	gáeth	gaíth	gáeth
Plural	Masculine	Feminine/neuter
Nominative	gaíth	gáetha
Vocative	gáethu gáetha†
Accusative	gáethu gáetha†
Genitive	gáeth
Dative	gáethaib
Notes	*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized

Quotations

• c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 18^c6

  Is machthad limm a threte do·rérachtid máam fírinne et soscéli; .i. i⟨s⟩ súaignid nírubtar gaítha for comairli. Is dían do·rréractid maám ind ṡoscéli.

  I marvel how quickly you pl have abandoned the yoke of righteousness and [the] gospel; i.e. it is clear that your counsels have not been wise. It is swiftly that you have abandoned the yoke of the gospel.

  (literally, “it is a wonder to me its quickness that…”)

Derived terms

• do·gáetha

Descendants

• Irish: gaoth

Etymology 2

Noun

gáeth f

1. wind
   • Verses in the St Gall Priscian

     Is acher in gaíth innocht fu·fuasna fairggæ findḟolt
     ni ágor réimm mora minn dond láechraid lainn ua Lothlind.

     Bitter is the wind to-night: it tosses the ocean’s white hair:
     I fear not the coursing of a clear sea by the fierce heroes from Lothlend.

Inflection

Feminine ā-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	gáethL	gaíthL	gáethaH
Vocative	gáethL	gaíthL	gáethaH
Accusative	gaíthN	gaíthL	gáethaH
Genitive	gaítheH	gáethL	gáethN
Dative	gaíthL	gáethaib	gáethaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms

• gáethach

Descendants

• Irish: gaoth
• Manx: geay
• Scottish Gaelic: gaoth
• ⇒ Middle Irish: gáethamlacht
• ⇒ Middle Irish: gáethmar
  • Irish: gaofar
  • Scottish Gaelic: gaothar, gaothmhor

Etymology 3

Uncertain. Perhaps attested in Primitive Irish ᚌᚐᚈᚈᚕᚌᚂᚐᚅ (gattea-glan, “(?)having clean water”).

Noun

gáeth m or f (genitive unattested, no plural)

1. estuary

Descendants

• Irish: gaoth

Mutation

Mutation of gáeth

radical	lenition	nasalization
gáeth	gáeth pronounced with /ɣ(ʲ)-/	ngáeth

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 gáeth”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 gáeth”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “3 gáeth”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language