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adágathar

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Old Irish

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From ad- + Proto-Celtic *āgītor, originally a perfect-only verb *āgetor (to have become afraid) and later adapted to the weak conjugation (class A II). From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₂ógʰe (to be upset, afraid), from *h₂egʰ-.[1] Compare Gothic 𐌰𐌲𐌹𐍃 (agis), 𐍉𐌲𐌰𐌽 (ōgan); Old English eġe; Ancient Greek ἄχος (ákhos, pain, grief), ἄχνυμαι (ákhnumai, I grieve).

Forms with unpalatalized -ág- throughout the paradigm are regular, despite this verb being an A II verb. This is because the vowel á in the stem regularly suppressed word-internal non-syncope palatalization of a following consonant. The fact that this is an i-stem (A II) verb is revealed by the palatalization in the s-preterite forms. Forms with -áig- in the present indicative were palatalized analogically.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /aðˈaːɣaθar/, /aðˈaːɣaðar/

Verb

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ad·ágathar (prototonic ·ágathar, verbal noun áigthiu or áigsiu)

  1. to fear, to dread, to stand in awe of

Conjugation

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Mutation

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Mutation of adágathar
radical lenition nasalization
ad·ágathar
(pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)
unchanged ad·n-ágathar

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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  1. ^ Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) “*āg-/*āg-”, in Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, page 206

Further reading

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