bán

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ban"

Czech

Etymology

From Serbo-Croatian bȃn/ба̑н (“lord; ban”), from Proto-Slavic *banъ; see there for more.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈbaːn]
• Rhymes: -aːn
• Hyphenation: bán

Noun

bán m anim (relational adjective bánský)

1. (historical) ban (title in the historical Kingdom of Croatia and the Kingdom of Hungary, like a palatine or governor of a province)
2. (historical) ban (governor of a banovina in Yugoslavia from 1929 to 1941)

Declension

Declension of bán (hard masculine animate)

	singular	plural
nominative	bán	báni
genitive	bána	bánů
dative	bánovi, bánu	bánům
accusative	bána	bány
vocative	báne	báni
locative	bánovi, bánu	bánech
instrumental	bánem	bány

Related terms

• Banát
• banát
• banátský
• bánovina

Further reading

• “bán”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)
• “bán”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “bán” in Akademický slovník současné češtiny, 2012–2025, slovnikcestiny.cz
• “bán”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈbaːn]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: bán
• Rhymes: -aːn

Etymology 1

From a Turkic language. Doublet of bánik.

Verb

bán

2. (transitive, chiefly in the negative) to mind, to object to, to be bothered by

   Nem bánod, ha kinyitom az ablakot? ― Do you mind if I open the window?

   Nem bánnám, ha néha segítenél kitakarítani. ― I wouldn’t mind if you helped me clean the house once in a while.

3. (transitive) to regret

   Synonym: sajnál

Usage notes

• This verb is a member of one of those (few) quasi-homonymous verb pairs that exist both with and without an -ik ending. All (intransitive) suffixed forms of these pairs are identical (sometimes they can even have derived forms that coincide), with the exception of their dictionary form (the third-person singular indicative present, with or without -ik). However, the meaning of these pairs is usually distinct, sometimes unrelated. Examples include (fel)áldoz–(le)áldozik, bán–bánik, (meg)bíz–(meg)bízik, (meg)ér–(meg)érik, esz (rare)–eszik, hajol–hajlik, hasonul–(meg)hasonlik, (felül)múl–(el)múlik, (hozzá)nyúl–nyúlik, (el)vesz–(el)veszik~(el)vész, and tör–törik (along with their verbal prefixes), hall–hallik (archaic), érez–érzik (archaic), sometimes with some difference: (el)hibáz–hibádzik, (le)torkol–torkollik. Therefore one may well need to check the context and the arguments to ascertain which member of the verb pair is relevant.

Conjugation

Conjugation of bán

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive	indica­tive	pre­sent	indef.	bánok	bánsz	bán	bánunk	bántok	bánnak
			def.	bánom	bánod	bánja	bánjuk	bánjátok	bánják
			2nd obj	bánlak
		past	indef.	bántam	bántál	bánt	bántunk	bántatok	bántak
			def.	bántam	bántad	bánta	bántuk	bántátok	bánták
			2nd obj	bántalak
		future		Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. bánni fog.
archaic preterite		indef.	bánék	bánál	bána	bánánk	bánátok	bánának
		def.	bánám	bánád	báná	bánánk	bánátok	bánák
		2nd obj	bánálak
archaic past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. bán vala, bánt vala/volt.
archaic future	indef.	bánandok	bánandasz	bánand	bánandunk	bánandotok	bánandanak
	def.	bánandom	bánandod	bánandja	bánandjuk	bánandjátok	bánandják
	2nd obj	bánandalak
condi­tional	pre­sent	indef.	bánnék	bánnál	bánna	bánnánk	bánnátok	bánnának
		def.	bánnám	bánnád	bánná	bánnánk (or bánnók)	bánnátok	bánnák
		2nd obj	bánnálak
	past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. bánt volna
sub­junc­tive	sub­junc­tive	pre­sent	indef.	bánjak	bánj or bánjál	bánjon	bánjunk	bánjatok	bánjanak
			def.	bánjam	bánd or bánjad	bánja	bánjuk	bánjátok	bánják
			2nd obj	bánjalak
(archaic) past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. bánt légyen
infinitive	bánni		bánnom	bánnod	bánnia	bánnunk	bánnotok	bánniuk
other forms	verbal noun		present part.	past part.	future part.	adverbial participle		causative
	bánás		bánó	bánt	bánandó	bánva (bánván)
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs).

Potential conjugation of bán

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive	indica­tive	pre­sent	indef.	bánhatok	bánhatsz	bánhat	bánhatunk	bánhattok	bánhatnak
			def.	bánhatom	bánhatod	bánhatja	bánhatjuk	bánhatjátok	bánhatják
			2nd obj	bánhatlak
		past	indef.	bánhattam	bánhattál	bánhatott	bánhattunk	bánhattatok	bánhattak
			def.	bánhattam	bánhattad	bánhatta	bánhattuk	bánhattátok	bánhatták
			2nd obj	bánhattalak
archaic preterite		indef.	bánhaték	bánhatál	bánhata	bánhatánk	bánhatátok	bánhatának
		def.	bánhatám	bánhatád	bánhatá	bánhatánk	bánhatátok	bánhaták
		2nd obj	bánhatálak
archaic past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. bánhat vala, bánhatott vala/volt.
archaic future	indef.	bánhatandok or bánandhatok	bánhatandasz or bánandhatsz	bánhatand or bánandhat	bánhatandunk or bánandhatunk	bánhatandotok or bánandhattok	bánhatandanak or bánandhatnak
	def.	bánhatandom or bánandhatom	bánhatandod or bánandhatod	bánhatandja or bánandhatja	bánhatandjuk or bánandhatjuk	bánhatandjátok or bánandhatjátok	bánhatandják or bánandhatják
	2nd obj	bánhatandalak or bánandhatlak
condi­tional	pre­sent	indef.	bánhatnék	bánhatnál	bánhatna	bánhatnánk	bánhatnátok	bánhatnának
		def.	bánhatnám	bánhatnád	bánhatná	bánhatnánk (or bánhatnók)	bánhatnátok	bánhatnák
		2nd obj	bánhatnálak
	past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. bánhatott volna
sub­junc­tive	sub­junc­tive	pre­sent	indef.	bánhassak	bánhass or bánhassál	bánhasson	bánhassunk	bánhassatok	bánhassanak
			def.	bánhassam	bánhasd or bánhassad	bánhassa	bánhassuk	bánhassátok	bánhassák
			2nd obj	bánhassalak
(archaic) past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. bánhatott légyen
infinitive	(bánhatni)		(bánhatnom)	(bánhatnod)	(bánhatnia)	(bánhatnunk)	(bánhatnotok)	(bánhatniuk)
other forms	positive adjective			negative adjective		adverbial participle
	bánható			bánhatatlan		(bánhatva / bánhatván)

Derived terms

• bánat
• bánatos
• bánkódik
• bánt

(With verbal prefixes):

• megbán

See also

• bánik

Etymology 2

From Old Hungarian ban (1146), from a South Slavic language; compare Serbo-Croatian bȃn/ба̑н (“lord; ban”), from Proto-Slavic *banъ; see there for more.

Noun

bán (plural bánok)

2. (historical) ban (title in the historical Kingdom of Croatia and the Kingdom of Hungary, like a palatine or governor of a province)

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)

	singular	plural
nominative	bán	bánok
accusative	bánt	bánokat
dative	bánnak	bánoknak
instrumental	bánnal	bánokkal
causal-final	bánért	bánokért
translative	bánná	bánokká
terminative	bánig	bánokig
essive-formal	bánként	bánokként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	bánban	bánokban
superessive	bánon	bánokon
adessive	bánnál	bánoknál
illative	bánba	bánokba
sublative	bánra	bánokra
allative	bánhoz	bánokhoz
elative	bánból	bánokból
delative	bánról	bánokról
ablative	bántól	bánoktól
non-attributive possessive – singular	báné	bánoké
non-attributive possessive – plural	bánéi	bánokéi

Possessive forms of bán

possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	bánom	bánjaim
2nd person sing.	bánod	bánjaid
3rd person sing.	bánja	bánjai
1st person plural	bánunk	bánjaink
2nd person plural	bánotok	bánjaitok
3rd person plural	bánjuk	bánjaik

Derived terms

• báni
• bánság
• Bánság

References

• Marek Stachowski, Eugen Helimskis Materialien zur Erforschung der ältesten slawisch-ungarischen Sprachkontakte, Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia 14 (2009): 35–107 Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego: Kraków, page 43

Further reading

• (to mind, to regret): bán in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.
• (ban [historical]): bán in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.
• bán in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

Irish

Pronunciation

• (Munster) IPA^(key): /bˠɑːn̪ˠ/
• (Connacht) IPA^(key): /bˠɑːnˠ/, /bˠɑːn̪ˠ/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /bˠaːnˠ/, /bˠaːn̪ˠ/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish bán (“white”), from Proto-Celtic *bānos (“white”).

Adjective

bán (genitive singular masculine báin, genitive singular feminine báine, plural bána, comparative báine)

1. white
2. blank
3. fair-haired
4. (sexuality, LGBTQ) gay, homosexual

Declension

Declension of bán

Positive	singular		plural
	masculine	feminine	strong noun	weak noun
nominative	bán	bhán	bána; bhána2
vocative	bháin		bána
genitive		báine	bána	bán
dative	bán; bhán1	bhán; bháin (archaic)	bána; bhána2
Comparative	níos báine
Superlative	is báine

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Derived terms

• abhac bán (“white dwarf”)
• bacán bán m (“white water-lily”)
• bánbhia (“white meat”)
• bándearg (“pink”, adjective)
• bánóg (“white [butterfly]”)
• béar bán (“polar bear”)
• bíoma bán (“whitebeam”)
• buachaill bán (“fair-haired boy”)
• cailín bán (“golden girl; stoat”)
• earrbhán (“white-tailed”, adjective)
• fobhán (“whitish”, adjective)
• fódbhán (“fallow, uncultivated”, adjective)
• fuilchill bhán (“white blood cell”)
• grús píb-bhán (“white-naped crane”)
• Láir Bhán (“the Milky Way”)
• lúbán bán (“white pudding”)
• putóg bhán (“white pudding”)
• scothbhán (“whitish”, adjective)
• siorc bán aigéanach (“oceanic whitetip shark”)
• siorc bán mór (“great white shark”)

Descendants

• → Yola: baun, bawn

Noun

bán m (genitive singular báin, nominative plural bána)

1. white

Declension

Declension of bán (first declension)

bare forms singular plural nominative bán ba vocative a bháin a bhána genitive báin bán dative bán ba forms with the definite article singular plural nominative an bán na ba genitive an bháin na mbán dative leis an mbán don bhán leis na ba

Derived terms

• bán na súl m (“albinism”)

See also

Colors in Irish · dathanna (layout · text)

bán	liath	dubh
dearg; corcairdhearg	oráiste, flannbhuí; donn	buí; bánbhuí
líoma-ghlas, glas líoma	glas, uaine	dath an mhiontais
cian	gormghlas, spéirghorm	gorm
corcairghorm; indeagó	maigeanta; corcra	bándearg

Verb

bán (present analytic bánann, future analytic bánfaidh, verbal noun bánadh, past participle bánta)

1. (ambitransitive) Alternative form of bánaigh (“whiten; blanch; clear out, empty, depopulate”)

Conjugation

conjugation of bán (first conjugation – A)

verbal noun	bánadh
past participle	bánta
tense	singular			plural			relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative
present	bánaim	bánann tú; bánair†	bánann sé, sí	bánaimid	bánann sibh	bánann siad; bánaid†	a bhánann; a bhánas / a mbánann*	bántar
past	bhán mé; bhánas	bhán tú; bhánais	bhán sé, sí	bhánamar; bhán muid	bhán sibh; bhánabhair	bhán siad; bhánadar	a bhán / ar bhán*	bánadh
past habitual	bhánainn / mbánainn‡‡	bhántá / mbántᇇ	bhánadh sé, sí / mbánadh sé, s퇇	bhánaimis; bhánadh muid / mbánaimis‡‡; mbánadh muid‡‡	bhánadh sibh / mbánadh sibh‡‡	bhánaidís; bhánadh siad / mbánaidís‡‡; mbánadh siad‡‡	a bhánadh / a mbánadh*	bhántaí / mbánta퇇
future	bánfaidh mé; bánfad	bánfaidh tú; bánfair†	bánfaidh sé, sí	bánfaimid; bánfaidh muid	bánfaidh sibh	bánfaidh siad; bánfaid†	a bhánfaidh; a bhánfas / a mbánfaidh*	bánfar
conditional	bhánfainn / mbánfainn‡‡	bhánfá / mbánfᇇ	bhánfadh sé, sí / mbánfadh sé, s퇇	bhánfaimis; bhánfadh muid / mbánfaimis‡‡; mbánfadh muid‡‡	bhánfadh sibh / mbánfadh sibh‡‡	bhánfaidís; bhánfadh siad / mbánfaidís‡‡; mbánfadh siad‡‡	a bhánfadh / a mbánfadh*	bhánfaí / mbánfa퇇
subjunctive
present	go mbána mé; go mbánad†	go mbána tú; go mbánair†	go mbána sé, sí	go mbánaimid; go mbána muid	go mbána sibh	go mbána siad; go mbánaid†	—	go mbántar
past	dá mbánainn	dá mbántá	dá mbánadh sé, sí	dá mbánaimis; dá mbánadh muid	dá mbánadh sibh	dá mbánaidís; dá mbánadh siad	—	dá mbántaí
imperative
–	bánaim	bán	bánadh sé, sí	bánaimis	bánaigí; bánaidh†	bánaidís	—	bántar

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Etymology 2

From Old Irish bán (“untilled land, lea”), from the adjective bán (“white”).

Noun

bán m (genitive singular báin, nominative plural bánta)

1. (geography) lea; grassland
2. uncultivated land

Declension

Declension of bán (first declension)

bare forms singular plural nominative bán bánta vocative a bháin a bhánta genitive báin bánta dative bán bánta forms with the definite article singular plural nominative an bán na bánta genitive an bháin na mbánta dative leis an mbán don bhán leis na bánta

Etymology 3

Noun

bán m (genitive singular báin, nominative plural báin)

1. Alternative form of bábhún (“walled enclosure”)

Declension

Declension of bán (first declension)

bare forms singular plural nominative bán báin vocative a bháin a bhána genitive báin bán dative bán báin forms with the definite article singular plural nominative an bán na báin genitive an bháin na mbán dative leis an mbán don bhán leis na báin

Descendants

• → English: bawn
• → Yola: bawen

Mutation

Mutated forms of bán

radical	lenition	eclipsis
bán	bhán	mbán

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “bán”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “bán”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “bán”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “bán”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2025
• Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 88

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *bānos (“white”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbaːn/

Adjective

bán

1. white
2. pure

Inflection

o/ā-stem

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	bán	bán	bán
vocative	báin* bán**
accusative	bán	báin
genitive	báin	báine	báin
dative	bán	báin	bán
plural	masculine	feminine/neuter
nominative	báin	bána
vocative	bánu bána†
accusative	bánu bána†
genitive	bán
dative	bánaib

*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative
**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative
† not when substantivized

Synonyms

• finn
• gabor
• gel

Descendants

• Irish: bán
• Manx: bane
• Scottish Gaelic: bàn
• ⇒ Middle Irish: abbán

Mutation

Mutation of bán

radical	lenition	nasalization
bán	bán pronounced with /β(ʲ)-/	mbán

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “bán”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Tày

Pronunciation

• (Thạch An – Tràng Định) IPA^(key): [ɓaːn˧˥]
• (Trùng Khánh) IPA^(key): [ɓaːn˦]

Etymology 1

From Vietnamese bàn.

Noun

bán

1. altar

Etymology 2

Verb

bán

1. to leave out

   ton bán ― to leave out castration

Etymology 3

Noun

bán

1. winnowing basket

Etymology 4

Adjective

bán

1. chipped

   Synonyms: bín, bỉu, va̱o

   mạc pjạ bán ― chipped knife

   pát bán ― chipped bowl

   bán pay ám nưng ― with one piece chippped

References

• Lương Bèn (2011) Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary]‎^[1][2] (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên
• Léopold Michel Cadière (1910) Dictionnaire Tày-Annamite-Français [Tày-Vietnamese-French Dictionary]‎^[3] (in French), Hanoi: Impressions d'Extrême-Orient

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [ʔɓaːn˧˦]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ʔɓaːŋ˦˧˥]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [ʔɓaːŋ˦˥]

• Audio (Saigon):

  (file)

Etymology 1

Sino-Vietnamese word from 半 (“half”).

Prefix

bán

1. half-; semi-; hemi-

   bán hẹp bao quy đầu ― with a semi-tight foreskin

Derived terms

• bán cầu
• bán dẫn
• bán đảo
• bán kết
• bán kính
• chất bán dẫn
• hình bán nguyệt

Etymology 2

From Proto-Vietic *paːɲʔ.

Verb

bán • (半, 𬥓, 拌)

1. to sell

Derived terms

• bán buôn
• bán chác
• bán chịu
• bán đứng
• buôn bán
• mua bán