hajlik

Hungarian

Etymology

First attested in 1664. From hajol +‎ -ik, a semantic split.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈhɒjlik]
Hyphenation: haj‧lik
Rhymes: -ɒjlik

Verb

hajlik

(intransitive) to bend, curve (especially due to some external force)
(intransitive) to tend, incline (to some option, -ra/-re)
(intransitive) to approach, turn (to another state or phase, -ra/-re)

Usage notes

As opposed to the active meaning of hajol (“to assume a bent position/posture”), hajlik is reflexive (or rather, middle voice): “to bend into a curved shape”.^[2]
This verb is a member of one of those (few) quasi-homonymous verb pairs that exist both with and without an -ik ending. All (intransitive) suffixed forms of these pairs are identical (sometimes they can even have derived forms that coincide), with the exception of their dictionary form (the third-person singular indicative present, with or without -ik). However, the meaning of these pairs is usually distinct, sometimes unrelated. Examples include (fel)áldoz–(le)áldozik, bán–bánik, (meg)bíz–(meg)bízik, (meg)ér–(meg)érik, esz (rare)–eszik, hajol–hajlik, hasonul–(meg)hasonlik, (felül)múl–(el)múlik, (hozzá)nyúl–nyúlik, (el)vesz–(el)veszik~(el)vész, and tör–törik (along with their verbal prefixes), hall–hallik (archaic), érez–érzik (archaic), sometimes with some difference: (el)hibáz–hibádzik, (le)torkol–torkollik. Therefore one may well need to check the context and the arguments to ascertain which member of the verb pair is relevant.

Conjugation

Its subjunctive forms are uncommon (especially in the first and second persons), therefore if these forms do occur, they usually derive from the related verb hajol instead (where their conjugations overlap).

Conjugation of *hajlik*
other forms	verbal noun		present part.	past part.	future part.	adverbial participle		causative
Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
indicative	indicative	present	indef.	hajlok	hajlasz	hajlik	hajlunk	hajlotok	hajlanak
			def.	intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
			2nd obj
		past	indef.	hajlottam	hajlottál	hajlott	hajlottunk	hajlottatok	hajlottak
			def.	―
			2nd obj
		future		Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. hajlani fog.
archaic preterite		indef.	hajlék	hajlál	hajla	hajlánk	hajlátok	hajlának
		def.	―
		2nd obj
archaic past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. hajlik vala, hajlott vala/volt.
archaic future		indef.	hajlandok	hajlandasz	hajland	hajlandunk	hajlandotok	hajlandanak
		def.	―
		2nd obj

conditional		present	indef.	hajlanék	hajlanál	hajlana	hajlanánk	hajlanátok	hajlanának
	def.		―
	2nd obj
	past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. hajlott volna

subjunctive	subjunctive	present	indef.	hajoljak	hajolj or hajoljál	hajoljon	hajoljunk	hajoljatok	hajoljanak
			def.	―
			2nd obj
(archaic) past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. hajlott légyen

infinitive		hajlani		hajlanom	hajlanod	hajlania	hajlanunk	hajlanotok	hajlaniuk
other forms	hajlás		hajló	hajlott	―	hajolva (hajolván)

Potential conjugation of *hajlik*
other forms	positive adjective			negative adjective		adverbial participle
Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
indicative	indicative	present	indef.	hajolhatok	hajolhatsz	hajolhat	hajolhatunk	hajolhattok	hajolhatnak
			def.	intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
			2nd obj
		past	indef.	hajolhattam	hajolhattál	hajolhatott	hajolhattunk	hajolhattatok	hajolhattak
			def.	―
			2nd obj
archaic preterite		indef.	hajlhaték	hajlhatál	hajlhata	hajlhatánk	hajlhatátok	hajlhatának
		def.	―
		2nd obj
archaic past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. hajolhat vala, hajolhatott vala/volt.
archaic future		indef.	hajolhatandok or hajlandhatok	hajolhatandasz or hajlandhatsz	hajolhatand or hajlandhat	hajolhatandunk or hajlandhatunk	hajolhatandotok or hajlandhattok	hajolhatandanak or hajlandhatnak
		def.	―
		2nd obj

conditional		present	indef.	hajolhatnék	hajolhatnál	hajolhatna	hajolhatnánk	hajolhatnátok	hajolhatnának
	def.		―
	2nd obj
	past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. hajolhatott volna

subjunctive	subjunctive	present	indef.	hajolhassak	hajolhass or hajolhassál	hajolhasson	hajolhassunk	hajolhassatok	hajolhassanak
			def.	―
			2nd obj
(archaic) past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. hajolhatott légyen

infinitive		(hajolhatni)		(hajolhatnom)	(hajolhatnod)	(hajolhatnia)	(hajolhatnunk)	(hajolhatnotok)	(hajolhatniuk)
other forms	―			―		(hajolhatva / hajolhatván)

or less commonly (limited to the literal sense)

Conjugation of *hajlik*
other forms	verbal noun		present part.	past part.	future part.	adverbial participle		causative
Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
indicative	indicative	present	indef.	hajlok	hajolsz	hajlik	hajlunk	hajoltok	hajolnak
			def.	intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
			2nd obj
		past	indef.	hajoltam	hajoltál	hajlott	hajoltunk	hajoltatok	hajoltak
			def.	―
			2nd obj
		future		Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. hajolni fog.
archaic preterite		indef.	hajlék	hajlál	hajla	hajlánk	hajlátok	hajlának
		def.	―
		2nd obj
archaic past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. hajlik vala, hajlott vala/volt.
archaic future		indef.	hajlandok	hajlandasz	hajland	hajlandunk	hajlandotok	hajlandanak
		def.	―
		2nd obj

conditional		present	indef.	hajolnék	hajolnál	hajolna	hajolnánk	hajolnátok	hajolnának
	def.		―
	2nd obj
	past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. hajlott volna

subjunctive	subjunctive	present	indef.	hajoljak	hajolj or hajoljál	hajoljon	hajoljunk	hajoljatok	hajoljanak
			def.	―
			2nd obj
(archaic) past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. hajlott légyen

infinitive		hajolni		hajolnom	hajolnod	hajolnia	hajolnunk	hajolnotok	hajolniuk
other forms	hajlás		hajló	hajlott	―	hajolva (hajolván)

Potential conjugation of *hajlik*
other forms	positive adjective			negative adjective		adverbial participle
Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
indicative	indicative	present	indef.	hajolhatok	hajolhatsz	hajolhat	hajolhatunk	hajolhattok	hajolhatnak
			def.	intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
			2nd obj
		past	indef.	hajolhattam	hajolhattál	hajolhatott	hajolhattunk	hajolhattatok	hajolhattak
			def.	―
			2nd obj
archaic preterite		indef.	hajolhaték	hajolhatál	hajolhata	hajolhatánk	hajolhatátok	hajolhatának
		def.	―
		2nd obj
archaic past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. hajolhat vala, hajolhatott vala/volt.
archaic future		indef.	hajolhatandok or hajlandhatok	hajolhatandasz or hajlandhatsz	hajolhatand or hajlandhat	hajolhatandunk or hajlandhatunk	hajolhatandotok or hajlandhattok	hajolhatandanak or hajlandhatnak
		def.	―
		2nd obj

conditional		present	indef.	hajolhatnék	hajolhatnál	hajolhatna	hajolhatnánk	hajolhatnátok	hajolhatnának
	def.		―
	2nd obj
	past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. hajolhatott volna

subjunctive	subjunctive	present	indef.	hajolhassak	hajolhass or hajolhassál	hajolhasson	hajolhassunk	hajolhassatok	hajolhassanak
			def.	―
			2nd obj
(archaic) past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. hajolhatott légyen

infinitive		(hajolhatni)		(hajolhatnom)	(hajolhatnod)	(hajolhatnia)	(hajolhatnunk)	(hajolhatnotok)	(hajolhatniuk)
other forms	―			―		(hajolhatva / hajolhatván)

Derived terms

(With verbal prefixes):

References

^ hajol in Károly Gerstner, editor, Új magyar etimológiai szótár [New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian] (ÚESz.), Online edition (beta version), Budapest: MTA Research Institute for Linguistics / Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, 2011–2024.
^ Grétsy, László and Gábor Kemény, editors. Nyelvművelő kéziszótár (“Concise Dictionary for Language Cultivation”). Second, revised and extended edition. Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN