hajlik
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]First attested in 1664. From hajol + -ik, a semantic split.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]hajlik
- (intransitive) to bend, curve (especially due to some external force)
- (intransitive) to tend, incline (to some option, -ra/-re)
- (intransitive) to approach, turn (to another state or phase, -ra/-re)
Usage notes
[edit]- As opposed to the active meaning of hajol (“to assume a bent position/posture”), hajlik is reflexive (or rather, middle voice): “to bend into a curved shape”.[2]
- This verb is a member of one of those (few) quasi-homonymous verb pairs that exist both with and without an -ik ending. All (intransitive) suffixed forms of these pairs are identical (sometimes they can even have derived forms that coincide), with the exception of their dictionary form (the third-person singular indicative present, with or without -ik). However, the meaning of these pairs is usually distinct, sometimes unrelated. Examples include (fel)áldoz–(le)áldozik, bán–bánik, (meg)bíz–(meg)bízik, (meg)ér–(meg)érik, esz (rare)–eszik, hajol–hajlik, (felül)múl–(el)múlik, (hozzá)nyúl–nyúlik, (el)vesz–(el)veszik~(el)vész, and tör–törik (along with their verbal prefixes), hall–hallik (archaic), érez–érzik (archaic), sometimes with some difference: (el)hibáz–hibádzik, (le)torkol–torkollik. Therefore one may well need to check the context and the arguments to ascertain which member of the verb pair is relevant.
Conjugation
[edit]Its subjunctive forms are uncommon (especially in the first and second persons), therefore if these forms do occur, they usually derive from the related verb hajol instead (where their conjugations overlap).
conjugation of hajlik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | hajlok | hajlasz | hajlik | hajlunk | hajlotok | hajlanak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | hajlottam | hajlottál | hajlott | hajlottunk | hajlottatok | hajlottak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. hajlani fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | hajlék | hajlál | hajla | hajlánk | hajlátok | hajlának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. hajlik vala, hajlott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | hajlandok | hajlandasz | hajland | hajlandunk | hajlandotok | hajlandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | hajlanék | hajlanál | hajlana | hajlanánk | hajlanátok | hajlanának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. hajlott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | hajoljak | hajolj or hajoljál |
hajoljon | hajoljunk | hajoljatok | hajoljanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. hajlott légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | hajlani | hajlanom | hajlanod | hajlania | hajlanunk | hajlanotok | hajlaniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| hajlás | hajló | hajlott | ― | hajolva (hajolván) | |||||
potential conjugation of hajlik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | hajolhatok | hajolhatsz | hajolhat | hajolhatunk | hajolhattok | hajolhatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | hajolhattam | hajolhattál | hajolhatott | hajolhattunk | hajolhattatok | hajolhattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | hajlhaték | hajlhatál | hajlhata | hajlhatánk | hajlhatátok | hajlhatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. hajolhat vala, hajolhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | hajolhatandok or hajlandhatok |
hajolhatandasz or hajlandhatsz |
hajolhatand or hajlandhat |
hajolhatandunk or hajlandhatunk |
hajolhatandotok or hajlandhattok |
hajolhatandanak or hajlandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | hajolhatnék | hajolhatnál | hajolhatna | hajolhatnánk | hajolhatnátok | hajolhatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. hajolhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | hajolhassak | hajolhass or hajolhassál |
hajolhasson | hajolhassunk | hajolhassatok | hajolhassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. hajolhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (hajolhatni) | (hajolhatnom) | (hajolhatnod) | (hajolhatnia) | (hajolhatnunk) | (hajolhatnotok) | (hajolhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (hajolhatva / hajolhatván) | ||||
or less commonly (limited to the literal sense)
conjugation of hajlik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | hajlok | hajolsz | hajlik | hajlunk | hajoltok | hajolnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | hajoltam | hajoltál | hajlott | hajoltunk | hajoltatok | hajoltak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. hajolni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | hajlék | hajlál | hajla | hajlánk | hajlátok | hajlának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. hajlik vala, hajlott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | hajlandok | hajlandasz | hajland | hajlandunk | hajlandotok | hajlandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | hajolnék | hajolnál | hajolna | hajolnánk | hajolnátok | hajolnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. hajlott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | hajoljak | hajolj or hajoljál |
hajoljon | hajoljunk | hajoljatok | hajoljanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. hajlott légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | hajolni | hajolnom | hajolnod | hajolnia | hajolnunk | hajolnotok | hajolniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| hajlás | hajló | hajlott | ― | hajolva (hajolván) | |||||
potential conjugation of hajlik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | hajolhatok | hajolhatsz | hajolhat | hajolhatunk | hajolhattok | hajolhatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | hajolhattam | hajolhattál | hajolhatott | hajolhattunk | hajolhattatok | hajolhattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | hajolhaték | hajolhatál | hajolhata | hajolhatánk | hajolhatátok | hajolhatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. hajolhat vala, hajolhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | hajolhatandok or hajlandhatok |
hajolhatandasz or hajlandhatsz |
hajolhatand or hajlandhat |
hajolhatandunk or hajlandhatunk |
hajolhatandotok or hajlandhattok |
hajolhatandanak or hajlandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | hajolhatnék | hajolhatnál | hajolhatna | hajolhatnánk | hajolhatnátok | hajolhatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. hajolhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | hajolhassak | hajolhass or hajolhassál |
hajolhasson | hajolhassunk | hajolhassatok | hajolhassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. hajolhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (hajolhatni) | (hajolhatnom) | (hajolhatnod) | (hajolhatnia) | (hajolhatnunk) | (hajolhatnotok) | (hajolhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (hajolhatva / hajolhatván) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit](With verbal prefixes):
References
[edit]- ^ hajol in Károly Gerstner, editor, Új magyar etimológiai szótár [New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian] (ÚESz.), Online edition (beta version), Budapest: MTA Research Institute for Linguistics / Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, 2011–2024.
- ^ Grétsy, László and Gábor Kemény, editors. Nyelvművelő kéziszótár (“Concise Dictionary for Language Cultivation”). Second, revised and extended edition. Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN
Further reading
[edit]- hajlik in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN