From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
This is a Swadesh list of Osco-Umbrian languages, specifically Proto-Italic, Oscan and Umbrian, compared with that of English.
| № | English | Proto-Italic
edit (207) | Oscan
edit (18) | Umbrian
edit (26) |
|---|
| 1 | I (1sg) | *egō | | |
| 2 | you (2sg) | *tū | | |
| 3 | he, she, it (3sg) | *is | 𐌉𐌆𐌉𐌊 (izik)*, 𐌝𐌃𐌉𐌊 (ídik)* | |
| 4 | we (1pl) | *nōs | | |
| 5 | you (2pl) | *wōs | | |
| 6 | they (3pl) | *is | | |
| 7 | this | *hek(e) | | |
| 8 | that | *esto | | |
| 9 | here | *hek(e) | | |
| 10 | there | *iðei | | |
| 11 | who | *kʷis, *kʷoi | | |
| 12 | what | *kʷis, *kʷoi | | |
| 13 | where | *kʷāmdō | | |
| 14 | when | *kʷuðei | | |
| 15 | how | *kʷām | | |
| 16 | not | *nē | | |
| 17 | all | *opnis | | |
| 18 | many | *moltos | | |
| 19 | some | *partim | | |
| 20 | few | *paukos | | |
| 21 | other | *aljos | | |
| 22 | one | *oinos | 𐌖𐌉𐌍𐌖𐌔 (uinus) | 𐌖𐌍𐌔 (uns) |
| 23 | two | *duō | 𐌃𐌖𐌔 (dus) | 𐌕𐌖𐌚 (tuf) |
| 24 | three | *trēs | 𐌕𐌓𐌝𐌔 (trís) | 𐌕𐌓𐌄 (tre) |
| 25 | four | *kʷettwōr | 𐌐𐌄𐌕𐌕𐌉𐌖𐌓 (pettiur), 𐌐𐌄𐌕𐌖𐌓𐌀 (petura) | 𐌐𐌄𐌕𐌖𐌓 (petur) |
| 26 | five | *kʷenkʷe | 𐌐𐌖𐌌𐌐𐌄 (pumpe) | 𐌐𐌖𐌌𐌐𐌄 (pumpe) |
| 27 | big | *magnos | | |
| 28 | long | *dlongos | | |
| 29 | wide | *stlātos | | |
| 30 | thick | *kartsus | | |
| 31 | heavy | *gʷrawos | 𐌁𐌓𐌀𐌅𐌞𐌔 (bravús)* | |
| 32 | small | *pauros | | |
| 33 | short | *breɣʷis | | |
| 34 | narrow | *angostos | | |
| 35 | thin | *tenwis | | |
| 36 | woman | *fēmanā | | |
| 37 | man (adult male) | *wiros | 𐌍𐌉𐌉𐌓 (niir) | 𐌍𐌄𐌓𐌚 (nerf)* |
| 38 | man (human being) | *hemō | 𐌕𐌏𐌖𐌕𐌏 (touto)* | |
| 39 | child | *puweros | | |
| 40 | wife | *uksōr | | |
| 41 | husband | *wiros, *nēr | | |
| 42 | mother | *mātēr | | |
| 43 | father | *patēr | 𐌐𐌀𐌕𐌝𐌓 (patír) | |
| 44 | animal | *anamālis | | |
| 45 | fish | *piskis | | |
| 46 | bird | *awis | | 𐌀𐌅𐌄𐌔 (aves)*, 𐌀𐌅𐌉𐌚 (avif)* |
| 47 | dog | *kō | | |
| 48 | louse | *pezdis | | |
| 49 | snake | *angʷis | | |
| 50 | worm | *wormis | | |
| 51 | tree | *arðōs | | |
| 52 | forest | *selwā | | |
| 53 | stick | *bakklom | | |
| 54 | fruit | *poomos | | |
| 55 | seed | *sēmən | | |
| 56 | leaf | *folyom | | |
| 57 | root | *wrādīks | | |
| 58 | bark (of a tree) | *korteks | | |
| 59 | flower | *flōs | | |
| 60 | grass | *grāmen | | |
| 61 | rope | *fuðnis | | |
| 62 | skin | *pelnis | | |
| 63 | meat | *karō | | |
| 64 | blood | *sangwens | | |
| 65 | bone | *os | | |
| 66 | fat (noun) | *pinɣʷe | | |
| 67 | egg | *ōwom | | |
| 68 | horn | *kornū | | |
| 69 | tail | *kaudā | | |
| 70 | feather | *plow(k)smā | | |
| 71 | hair | *kriznis | | |
| 72 | head | *kaput | | |
| 73 | ear | *auzis | | |
| 74 | eye | *okʷelos | | |
| 75 | nose | *nās | | |
| 76 | mouth | *ōs | | |
| 77 | tooth | *dents | 𐌃𐌖𐌍𐌕𐌄 (dunte) | |
| 78 | tongue (organ) | *denɣwā | 𐌚𐌀𐌍𐌂𐌅𐌀𐌌 (fangvam)* | |
| 79 | fingernail | *ungus | | |
| 80 | foot | *peds | | 𐌐𐌄𐌛𐌉 (peři) |
| 81 | leg | *krūs | | |
| 82 | knee | *genū | | |
| 83 | hand | *manus | | |
| 84 | wing | *akslā | | |
| 85 | belly | *wendtris | | |
| 86 | guts | *laktis | | |
| 87 | neck | *kʷolzom | | |
| 88 | back | *dorsom | | |
| 89 | breast | *pektos | | |
| 90 | heart | *kord | | |
| 91 | liver | *jekʷor | | |
| 92 | to drink | *pibō | | |
| 93 | to eat | *manðō | | |
| 94 | to bite | *mordeō | | |
| 95 | to suck | *sowgō | | |
| 96 | to spit | *spujō | | 𐌁𐌄𐌓𐌅𐌀 (berva)* |
| 97 | to vomit | *wemō | | |
| 98 | to blow | *speizō | | |
| 99 | to breathe | *flaō | | |
| 100 | to laugh | *reideō | | |
| 101 | to see | *widēō | | |
| 102 | to hear | *awizdjō | | |
| 103 | to know | *skijō | | |
| 104 | to think | *rēōr | | |
| 105 | to smell | *odō | | |
| 106 | to fear | *werēōr | | |
| 107 | to sleep | *swepjō | | |
| 108 | to live | *gʷīwō | | |
| 109 | to die | *morjōr | | |
| 110 | to kill | *nekō | | |
| 111 | to fight | *pugnō | | |
| 112 | to hunt | *weynor | | |
| 113 | to hit | *ferjō | | |
| 114 | to cut | *kaidō, *skindō | | |
| 115 | to split | *findō | | |
| 116 | to stab | *pungō | | |
| 117 | to scratch | *skaβō | | |
| 118 | to dig | *fodjō | | |
| 119 | to swim | *snāō | | |
| 120 | to fly | *gʷelajō | | |
| 121 | to walk | *kezdō, *eō | | 𐌀𐌌𐌐𐌓𐌄𐌇𐌕𐌖 (amprehtu)* |
| 122 | to come | *gʷenjō | | 𐌁𐌄𐌍𐌖𐌔 (benus)* |
| 123 | to lie (as in a bed) | *jakēō | | |
| 124 | to sit | *sedēō | | |
| 125 | to stand | *staēō | | |
| 126 | to turn (intransitive) | *wertō | | preuendu*, ahauendu* |
| 127 | to fall | *kadō | | |
| 128 | to give | *didō | 𐌃𐌄𐌃𐌄𐌃 (deded) | 𐌕𐌉𐌕𐌖 (titu)*, dia* |
| 129 | to hold | *haβēō | | |
| 130 | to squeeze | *premō | | |
| 131 | to rub | *terō | | |
| 132 | to wash | *lawaō | | |
| 133 | to wipe | *tergēō | | |
| 134 | to pull | *traɣō | | |
| 135 | to push | *worgēō | | |
| 136 | to throw | *jakjō | | |
| 137 | to tie | *leigāō | | 𐌀𐌚𐌉𐌊𐌕𐌖 (afiktu) |
| 138 | to sew | *sūō | | |
| 139 | to count | *nomezō | | |
| 140 | to say | *deikō | | |
| 141 | to sing | *kanō | | |
| 142 | to play | *loidō | | |
| 143 | to float | *flowitō | | |
| 144 | to flow | *flūō | | |
| 145 | to freeze | *frīgēō, *gelō | | |
| 146 | to swell | *tumēō | | |
| 147 | sun | *swōl | | |
| 148 | moon | *louksnā | | menzen |
| 149 | star | *stērolā | | |
| 150 | water | *akʷā | 𐌀𐌀𐌐𐌀𐌌 (aapam)* | 𐌖𐌕𐌖𐌓 (utur) |
| 151 | rain | *plowjā | | |
| 152 | river | *flowmən | | |
| 153 | lake | *lakus | | |
| 154 | sea | *mari | | |
| 155 | salt | *sāls | | salom |
| 156 | stone | *lapis | | |
| 157 | sand | *sabolom | | |
| 158 | dust | *polwis | | |
| 159 | earth | *terzā | | |
| 160 | cloud | *nouðetis | | |
| 161 | fog | *neβelā | | |
| 162 | sky | *kailom | | |
| 163 | wind | *wentos | | |
| 164 | snow | *sniks | | |
| 165 | ice | *gelus | | |
| 166 | smoke | *fūmos | | |
| 167 | fire | *əngʷnis | | 𐌐𐌉𐌓 (pir) |
| 168 | ash | *kenis | | |
| 169 | to burn | *ouzō | | |
| 170 | road | *wijā | | |
| 171 | mountain | *monts | | 𐌖𐌊𐌓𐌉𐌐𐌄𐌓 (ukriper) |
| 172 | red | *ruðros | | 𐌓𐌖𐌚𐌓𐌖 (rufru) |
| 173 | green | *weyziðis | | |
| 174 | yellow | *flāwos | | |
| 175 | white | *alβos | | 𐌀𐌋𐌚𐌖 (alfu) |
| 176 | black | *niɣros | | 𐌀𐌕𐌓𐌖 (atru)*, adro |
| 177 | night | *noks | | |
| 178 | day | *djous | | |
| 179 | year | *wetos | | acnu* |
| 180 | warm | *kaliðos | | |
| 181 | cold | *frīgos | | |
| 182 | full | *plēnos | | |
| 183 | new | *nowos | 𐌍𐌞 (nú) | |
| 184 | old | *senos | | |
| 185 | good | *dwenos | | |
| 186 | bad | *malos | | |
| 187 | rotten | *pūtos | | |
| 188 | dirty | *swerdiðos | | |
| 189 | straight | *rektos | | |
| 190 | round | *rotontnos | | |
| 191 | sharp (as a knife) | *akowtos | 𐌀𐌊𐌓𐌉 (akri) | |
| 192 | dull (as a knife) | *heβes | | |
| 193 | smooth | *lēnis | | |
| 194 | wet | *wegmiðos | | |
| 195 | dry | *seikkos | | |
| 196 | correct | *wēros | | |
| 197 | near | *prokʷe | | |
| 198 | far | *prokol | | |
| 199 | right | *deksteros | | 𐌕𐌄𐌔𐌕𐌓𐌖𐌊𐌖 (testruku) |
| 200 | left | *laiwos | | |
| 201 | at | *ad | | |
| 202 | in | *en | | |
| 203 | with | *kom | | |
| 204 | and | *et | -𐌐𐌄 (-pe), -𐌐 (-p) | -𐌐 (-p) |
| 205 | if | *sei | 𐌔𐌅𐌀𐌝 (svaí) | |
| 206 | because | *kʷod | | |
| 207 | name | *nomən | | 𐌍𐌖𐌌𐌄𐌌 (numem), 𐌍𐌏𐌌𐌄 (nome) |
| Swadesh lists |
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| Individual languages |
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| Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings |
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| Constructed languages |
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| Reconstructed proto-languages |
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| (edit this template) |
