Appendix:Anatolian Swadesh lists
This is a Swadesh list of Anatolian languages, specifically Proto-Anatolian, Hittite and Luwian, compared with that of English.
List
[edit]| № | English | Proto-Anatolian edit (13) | Hittite 𒌷𒉌𒅆𒇷 edit (81) | Luwian edit (36) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I (1sg) | *ʔúǵ | 𒌑𒊌 (ú-uk) | |
| 2 | you (2sg) | *tī́ǵ | 𒍣𒄿𒅅 (zi-i-ik) | |
| 3 | he, she, it (3sg) | -𒀸 (-aš) | ||
| 4 | we (1pl) | *wéyes | ||
| 5 | you (2pl) | |||
| 6 | they (3pl) | |||
| 7 | this | |||
| 8 | that | |||
| 9 | here | |||
| 10 | there | |||
| 11 | who | *kʷís | 𒆪𒅖 (ku-iš) | 𒆪𒅖 (kuis) |
| 12 | what | 𒆪𒀉 (ku-it) | ||
| 13 | where | 𒆪𒉿𒁉 (ku-wa-pí) | ||
| 14 | when | 𒆪𒉿𒁉 (ku-wa-pí) | ||
| 15 | how | |||
| 16 | not | 𒈾𒀜𒋫 (natta) | ||
| 17 | all | 𒉺𒀭𒆪𒍑 (pa-an-ku-uš), 𒁕𒀸𒋗𒍑 (da-aš-šu-uš), 𒄷𒌋𒈠𒀭𒍝 (ḫu-u-ma-an-za) | ||
| 18 | many | |||
| 19 | some | |||
| 20 | few | 𒋼𒁍𒍑 (te-pu-uš) | ||
| 21 | other | |||
| 22 | one | |||
| 23 | two | |||
| 24 | three | |||
| 25 | four | |||
| 26 | five | |||
| 27 | big | 𒊩𒇷𒅖 (sallis) | ||
| 28 | long | |||
| 29 | wide | 𒁄𒄭𒅖 (palḫis) | ||
| 30 | thick | |||
| 31 | heavy | 𒈾𒀝𒆠𒅖 (nakkis) | 𒋗𒉿𒀀𒊒𒍑 (/suwārus/), 𒆪𒉿𒀭𒍪𒍑 (/kuwanzus/) | |
| 32 | small | 𒄠𒈪𒅀𒀭𒍝 (amiyanz(a)), 𒋼𒁍𒍑 (te-pu-uš) | ||
| 33 | short | |||
| 34 | narrow | 𒄩𒀜𒆪𒍑 (ḫa-at-ku-uš) | ||
| 35 | thin | |||
| 36 | woman | 𒉿𒈾𒀜𒋾𒅖 (/wanattis/), 𒉿𒉿𒈾𒀸 (/wānas/) | ||
| 37 | man (adult male) | 𒇽𒀸 (LÚ-aš) | 𒍣𒋾𒅖 (/zitis/), 𒇽𒅖 | |
| 38 | man (human being) | 𒀭𒌅𒉿𒄴𒄩𒀸 (an-tu-wa-aḫ-ḫa-aš) | 𒍣𒋾𒅖 (/zitis/), 𒇽𒅖 | |
| 39 | child | |||
| 40 | wife | |||
| 41 | husband | 𒇽𒀸 (LÚ-aš) | 𒍣𒋾𒅖 (/zitis/), 𒇽𒅖 | |
| 42 | mother | 𒀭𒈾𒀸 (annaš) | 𒀀𒀭𒉌𒅖 (/ānnis/) | |
| 43 | father | 𒀜𒋫𒀸 (at-ta-aš), 𒀜𒁕𒀸 (ad-da-aš) | 𒋫𒀀𒋾𒅖 (/tātis/) | |
| 44 | animal | 𒄷𒌋𒄿𒋻𒊭 (ḫu-u-i-tar-ša)* | ||
| 45 | fish | 𒈦𒄷𒌋𒉿𒅀𒀸 (parḫūwayaš)* | ||
| 46 | bird | |||
| 47 | dog | 𔑬𔗵𔗬 (CANISzú-wa) | ||
| 48 | louse | |||
| 49 | snake | |||
| 50 | worm | |||
| 51 | tree | 𒋫𒀀𒊒 (ta-a-ru), 𒋫𒊒 (taru) | ||
| 52 | forest | |||
| 53 | stick | 𒉺𒄴𒄭𒅔 (paḫḫin)* | ||
| 54 | fruit | 𒀀𒆷𒀜𒋻𒊭 (/alattarsa/) | ||
| 55 | seed | |||
| 56 | leaf | |||
| 57 | root | |||
| 58 | bark (of a tree) | |||
| 59 | flower | 𒀀𒇷𒂖 (a-le-el) | ||
| 60 | grass | 𒌑𒂖𒆪 (ú-el-ku) | ||
| 61 | rope | 𒅖𒄭𒈠𒀀𒀸 (iš-ḫi-ma-a-aš) | ||
| 62 | skin | 𒆳𒊭𒀸 (kur-sa-as) | ||
| 63 | meat | |||
| 64 | blood | *ʔésHr̥ | 𒂊𒌍𒄯 (e-eš-ḫar) | |
| 65 | bone | 𒄩𒀸𒋫𒄿 (ḫa-aš-ta-i) | 𒄩𒀀𒀸𒊭 (/ḫāssa/) | |
| 66 | fat (noun) | 𒊭𒂵𒀭 (ša-ga-an) | ||
| 67 | egg | |||
| 68 | horn | |||
| 69 | tail | |||
| 70 | feather | |||
| 71 | hair | 𒋰𒉺𒀀𒉌𒅖 (/tappānis/) | ||
| 72 | head | |||
| 73 | ear | 𒌈𒈠𒀀𒀭 (/tummān/) | ||
| 74 | eye | 𒃲𒄭𒀀𒅖 (IGI.ḪI.A.-iš /šakawiš/) | 𒁕𒀀𒌋𒄿𒅖 (da-a-u-i-iš) | |
| 75 | nose | |||
| 76 | mouth | 𒀀𒄿𒅖 (a-i-iš) | 𒀀𒀀𒀸𒊭 (a-a-aš-ša) | |
| 77 | tooth | |||
| 78 | tongue (organ) | 𒆷𒀀𒆷𒀸 (la-a-la-aš) | ||
| 79 | fingernail | |||
| 80 | foot | 𒄊𒀸 (GÌR-aš /*patas/) | 𒉺𒋫𒀀𒀸 (/patās/) | |
| 81 | leg | |||
| 82 | knee | 𒄀𒉡 (ge-nu) | ||
| 83 | hand | *ǵésōr | 𒆠𒌍𒊬 (ke-eš-šar) | 𒄿𒅖𒊭𒊑𒅖 (i-iš-ša-ri-iš) |
| 84 | wing | 𒈦𒋫𒌋𒉿𒅈 (pártauwar), 𒁁𒋻 (pát-tar) | ||
| 85 | belly | |||
| 86 | guts | |||
| 87 | neck | |||
| 88 | back | |||
| 89 | breast | 𒋼𒂊𒋫𒀭 (te-e-ta-an) | ||
| 90 | heart | 𒆠𒅕 (ker), 𒊮𒅕 (ŠÀ-er) | 𒍝𒀀𒅈𒍝 (UZUzārza), 𔖪𔖱𔖪 (za-ra/i-za) | |
| 91 | liver | |||
| 92 | to drink | 𒂊𒆪𒍣 (e-ku-zi) | ||
| 93 | to eat | *ʔédsti | 𒂊𒄑𒍝𒊍𒍣 (ēzz(a)zzi) | 𒀀𒁺𒈾 (a-du-na), ad- |
| 94 | to bite | 𒉿𒀀𒆠 (wa-a-ki) | ||
| 95 | to suck | |||
| 96 | to spit | |||
| 97 | to vomit | |||
| 98 | to blow | 𒉺𒊏𒀀𒄿 (pa-ra-a-i) | ||
| 99 | to breathe | |||
| 100 | to laugh | |||
| 101 | to see | 𒌋𒄴𒄭 (u-uḫ-ḫi)* | 𒈠𒈾𒀀𒋾 (ma-na-a-ti)* | |
| 102 | to hear | |||
| 103 | to know | 𒊭𒀀𒀝𒆠 (ša-a-ak-ki) | ||
| 104 | to think | |||
| 105 | to smell | |||
| 106 | to fear | |||
| 107 | to sleep | *supó | 𒋗𒌒𒉺𒊑 (šu-up-pa-ri), 𒋗𒌒𒁉𒄑𒍣 (su-up-pí-ez-zi) | |
| 108 | to live | 𒄷𒍑 (ḫu-uš) | ||
| 109 | to die | |||
| 110 | to kill | |||
| 111 | to fight | |||
| 112 | to hunt | |||
| 113 | to hit | 𒉿𒀠𒄴𒍣 (wa-al-aḫ-zi) | 𒁺𒌑𒁉𒋾 (/dūpiti/) | |
| 114 | to cut | 𒆪𒌑𒊒𒈾 (/kūruna/) | ||
| 115 | to split | |||
| 116 | to stab | |||
| 117 | to scratch | |||
| 118 | to dig | 𒁁𒁕𒀀𒄿 (pád-da-a-i) | ||
| 119 | to swim | |||
| 120 | to fly | 𒁁𒁕𒀀𒄿 (píd-da-a-i) | ||
| 121 | to walk | 𒄿𒅀𒀜𒋫 (i-ya-at-ta) | ||
| 122 | to come | 𒀀𒃾𒋾 (/awīti/)* | ||
| 123 | to lie (as in a bed) | |||
| 124 | to sit | |||
| 125 | to stand | |||
| 126 | to turn (intransitive) | |||
| 127 | to fall | |||
| 128 | to give | 𒉺𒀀𒄿 (pāi) | ||
| 129 | to hold | |||
| 130 | to squeeze | 𒅆𒄿𒄑𒍣 (ši-i-ez-zi) | ||
| 131 | to rub | 𒁉𒌍𒍣 (pé-eš-zi) | ||
| 132 | to wash | |||
| 133 | to wipe | |||
| 134 | to pull | |||
| 135 | to push | |||
| 136 | to throw | 𒁉𒌍𒅆𒄑𒍣 (pé-eš-ši-ez-zi) | ||
| 137 | to tie | |||
| 138 | to sew | |||
| 139 | to count | |||
| 140 | to say | |||
| 141 | to sing | |||
| 142 | to play | |||
| 143 | to float | |||
| 144 | to flow | 𒅈𒀸𒍣 (ar-aš-zi), 𒅆𒄿𒄑𒍣 (ši-i-ez-zi) | ||
| 145 | to freeze | |||
| 146 | to swell | |||
| 147 | sun | 𒋾𒉿𒊍 (/tiwaz/) | ||
| 148 | moon | |||
| 149 | star | *Hstḗrs | 𒄩𒀸𒋼𒅕𒍝 (ḫa-as-te-er-za) | |
| 150 | water | 𒉿𒀀𒋻 (wa-a-tar) | 𒉿𒀀𒅈𒊭 (wa-a-ar-sa) | |
| 151 | rain | |||
| 152 | river | 𒄩𒉺𒀀 (ḫa-pa-a)* | 𒄩𒀀𒁉𒅖 (ḫa-a-pi-is) | |
| 153 | lake | |||
| 154 | sea | 𒀀𒊒𒈾𒀸 (a-ru-na-aš) | 𒀀𒆷𒀸𒊭𒄠𒈪𒅖* | |
| 155 | salt | |||
| 156 | stone | 𒉺𒀸𒅆𒆷𒀸 (passilas) | ||
| 157 | sand | |||
| 158 | dust | |||
| 159 | earth | 𒋼𒂊𒃷 (te-e-kán), 𒁍𒊒𒌓 (purut) | 𒋾𒄿𒀀𒄠𒈪𒅖 (/tiyammis/), 𔓤 (/takam/) | |
| 160 | cloud | *nébos | 𒀠𒉺𒀸 (alpas) | |
| 161 | fog | |||
| 162 | sky | 𒉈𒂊𒁉𒅖 (nēpis) | 𒋫𒀊𒉺𒀸𒊭 (ta-ab-pa-aš-ša) | |
| 163 | wind | 𒄷𒌋𒉿𒀭𒍝 (ḫu-u-wa-an-za), 𒄷𒉿𒀭𒍝 (ḫu-wa-an-za) | ||
| 164 | snow | |||
| 165 | ice | 𒂊𒃷 (e-kán) | ||
| 166 | smoke | *duHoyéti* | ||
| 167 | fire | *páHʷr̥ | 𒉺𒄴𒄯 (pa-aḫ-ḫur) | 𒉺𒀀𒄷𒌋𒌨 (pa-a-ḫu-u-ur) |
| 168 | ash | |||
| 169 | to burn | 𒉿𒊏𒀀𒉌 (wa-ra-a-ni), 𒇻𒊌𒆠𒄑𒍣 (lu-uk-ki-ez-zi), 𒉿𒅈𒉡𒊻𒍣 (wa-ar-nu-uz-zi) | ||
| 170 | road | 𒆜𒀸 (KASKAL-aš /pal(š)/) | ||
| 171 | mountain | 𒄯𒊕 | ||
| 172 | red | |||
| 173 | green | |||
| 174 | yellow | |||
| 175 | white | 𒄯𒆠𒅖 (ḫar-ki-iš) | ||
| 176 | black | |||
| 177 | night | 𒅖𒉺𒀭𒍝 (ispanza) | ||
| 178 | day | |||
| 179 | year | |||
| 180 | warm | |||
| 181 | cold | 𒂊𒆪𒈾𒀸 (e-ku-na-aš) | ||
| 182 | full | |||
| 183 | new | *néwos | 𒉋𒀸 (GIBIL-aš /nēwas/) | 𒈾𒀀𒌑𒉿𒋾 (na-a-u₂-wa-ti)* |
| 184 | old | 𒈪𒅀𒄷𒉿𒀭𒍝 (miyaḫuwanz) | ||
| 185 | good | 𒀀𒀸𒋗𒍑 (a-aš-šu-uš) | 𒉿𒀀𒋗𒍑 (wa-a-šu-uš) | |
| 186 | bad | 𒄿𒁕𒀀𒇻𒍑 (i-da-a-lu-uš) | 𒀀𒀜𒁺𒉿𒀀𒇷𒅖 (/ādduwāliš/) | |
| 187 | rotten | |||
| 188 | dirty | |||
| 189 | straight | |||
| 190 | round | |||
| 191 | sharp (as a knife) | 𒀠𒁍𒍑 (al-pu-uš) | ||
| 192 | dull (as a knife) | |||
| 193 | smooth | |||
| 194 | wet | |||
| 195 | dry | |||
| 196 | correct | 𒀀𒀀𒊏 (a-a-ra) | ||
| 197 | near | |||
| 198 | far | |||
| 199 | right | |||
| 200 | left | |||
| 201 | at | |||
| 202 | in | 𒀸 (aš), ] [ (andan) | ||
| 203 | with | |||
| 204 | and | |||
| 205 | if | 𒈠𒀀𒀭 (ma-a-an) | ||
| 206 | because | 𒀸 (aš) | ||
| 207 | name | 𒆷𒀀𒈠𒀭 (la-a-ma-an) |