𒅈𒀸𒍣
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Hittite
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Anatolian *ʔérsti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁érsti, from the root *h₁ers-. Cognate with Luwian 𒀀𒅈𒅆𒅀𒀭𒁺 (a-ar-ši-ya-an-du, 3.pl.imp.act), Sanskrit अर्षति (árṣati, “to flow, pour”).
Pronunciation
[edit]According to Kloekhorst, the plene spelling 𒀀𒅈𒀸𒍣 (a-ar-aš-zi) might not represent long initial /aː/, but rather serve to disambiguate from the zero-grade cluster /ʔr/-.
Verb
[edit]𒅈𒀸𒍣 • (ar-aš-zi /ʔrst͡si, ʔarst͡si/) (third-person singular present active)
- to flow
Inflection
[edit]| Broad transcription | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| First conjugation | ||||
| Nominal forms | ||||
| Infinitive | aršanna | |||
| arsánna | ||||
| Participle | aršanz | |||
| arsánt͡s | ||||
| Noun | aršātar | |||
| arsáːdr̩ | ||||
| Supine | āršuan | |||
| áːrswn̩ | ||||
| Active | Present | Aorist | Imperative | |
| 1.sg | āršmi | āršun | aršallu | |
| áːrsmi | áːrsɔn | arsallu | ||
| 2.sg | āršši | āršt | ārš | |
| áːrssi | áːrst | áːrs | ||
| 3.sg | āršzi | āršt | āršdu | |
| áːrst͡si | áːrst | áːrstu | ||
| 1.pl | aršueni | āršuen | aršueni | |
| arswɛ́ni | áːrswɛn | arswɛ́ni | ||
| 2.pl | aršteni | āršten | āršten | |
| arstɛ́ni | áːrstɛn | áːrstɛn | ||
| 3.pl | aršanzi | āršer | aršandu | |
| arsánt͡si | áːrsɛr | arsántu | ||
| Middle | Present | Aorist | Imperative | |
| 1.sg | aršḫari | aršḫat | aršaḫḫaru | |
| arsχári | arsχád | arsχáru | ||
| 2.sg | arštari | arštat | aršḫut | |
| arstári | arstád | arsχɔ́d | ||
| 3.sg | aršari, arštari | arštat | aršaru, arštaru | |
| arsári, arstári | arstád | arsáru, arstáru | ||
| 1.pl | aršuašta | aršuaštat | aršuaštat | |
| arswásta | arswástad | arswástad | ||
| 2.pl | aršduma | aršdumat | arštumat | |
| arstumá | arstumád | arstumád | ||
| 3.pl | aršantari | aršantat | aršantaru | |
| arsántari | arsántad | arsántaru | ||
| } | ||||
| Cuneiform script | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| First conjugation | ||||
| Nominal forms | ||||
| Infinitive | 𒅈𒊭𒀭𒈾 | |||
| ar-ša-an-na | ||||
| Participle | 𒅈𒊭𒀭𒍝 | |||
| ar-ša-an-za | ||||
| Noun | 𒅈𒊭𒀜𒅈 | |||
| ar-ša-at-ar | ||||
| Supine | 𒀀𒅈𒋗𒉿𒀭 | |||
| a-ar-šu-wa-an | ||||
| Active | Present | Aorist | Imperative | |
| 1.sg | 𒀀𒅈𒀸𒈪 | 𒀀𒅈𒋗𒌦 | 𒅈𒊭𒀠𒇻 | |
| a-ar-aš-mi | a-ar-šu-un | ar-ša-al-lu | ||
| 2.sg | 𒀀𒅈𒀸𒅆 | 𒀀𒅈𒀸𒋫 | 𒀀𒅈𒀸 | |
| a-ar-aš-ši | a-ar-aš-ta | a-ar-aš | ||
| 3.sg | 𒀀𒅈𒀸𒍣 | 𒀀𒅈𒀸𒋫 | 𒀀𒅈𒀸𒁺 | |
| a-ar-aš-zi | a-ar-aš-ta | a-ar-aš-du | ||
| 1.pl | 𒅈𒋗𒂊𒉌 | 𒀀𒅈𒋗𒂗 | 𒅈𒋗𒂊𒉌 | |
| ar-šu-e-ni | a-ar-šu-en | ar-šu-e-ni | ||
| 2.pl | 𒅈𒀸𒋼𒉌 | 𒀀𒅈𒀸𒋼𒂗 | 𒀀𒅈𒀸𒋼𒂗 | |
| ar-aš-te-ni | a-ar-aš-te-en | a-ar-aš-te-en | ||
| 3.pl | 𒅈𒊭𒀭𒍣 | 𒀀𒅈𒊺𒅕 | 𒅈𒊭𒀭𒁺 | |
| ar-ša-an-zi | a-ar-še-er | ar-ša-an-du | ||
| Middle | Present | Aorist | Imperative | |
| 1.sg | 𒅈𒀸𒄩𒊑 | 𒅈𒀸𒄩𒀜 | 𒅈𒀸𒄩𒊒 | |
| ar-aš-ḫa-ri | ar-aš-ḫa-at | ar-aš-ḫa-ru | ||
| 2.sg | 𒅈𒀸𒋫𒊑 | 𒅈𒀸𒋫𒀜 | 𒅈𒀸𒄷𒌓 | |
| ar-aš-ta-ri | ar-aš-ta-at | ar-aš-ḫu-ut | ||
| 3.sg | 𒅈𒊭𒊑, 𒅈𒀸𒋫𒊑 | 𒅈𒀸𒋫𒀜 | 𒅈𒊭𒊒, 𒅈𒀸𒋫𒊒 | |
| ar-ša-ri, ar-aš-ta-ri | ar-aš-ta-at | ar-ša-ru, ar-aš-ta-ru | ||
| 1.pl | 𒅈𒋗𒉿𒀸𒋫 | 𒅈𒋗𒉿𒀸𒋫𒀜 | 𒅈𒋗𒉿𒀸𒋫𒀜 | |
| ar-šu-wa-aš-ta | ar-šu-wa-aš-ta-at | ar-šu-wa-aš-ta-at | ||
| 2.pl | 𒅈𒀸𒁺𒈠 | 𒅈𒀸𒁺𒈠𒀜 | 𒅈𒀸𒌅𒈠𒀜 | |
| ar-aš-du-ma | ar-aš-du-ma-at | ar-aš-tu-ma-at | ||
| 3.pl | 𒅈𒊭𒀭𒋫𒊑 | 𒅈𒊭𒀭𒋫𒀜 | 𒀀𒀭𒋫𒊒 | |
| ar-ša-an-ta-ri | ar-ša-an-ta-at | ar-ša-an-ta-ru | ||
Derived terms
[edit]- 𒅈𒅆𒄑𒍣 (ar-ši-ez-zi)
References
[edit]- Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “ārš-zi / arš-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 208–210