chwythu

Welsh

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *hwɨθɨd, from Proto-Celtic *swisdeti (compare Breton c’hwezhañ, Cornish hwytha and Old Irish do·infet (“blow”)), from Proto-Indo-European *sweysd- (“to hiss”) (compare Ancient Greek σίζω (sízō, “I hiss”), Russian свиста́ть (svistátʹ)).

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈχwəθɨ̞/
• (South Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA^(key): /ˈχwəθi/
  • (South Wales, colloquial) IPA^(key): /ˈhwəθi/, /ˈhʊθi/
• Rhymes: -əθɨ̞

Verb

chwythu (first-person singular present chwythaf, not mutable)

1. to blow

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)

	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present indicative/future	chwythaf	chwythi	chwyth, chwytha	chwythwn	chwythwch	chwythant	chwythir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional	chwythwn	chwythit	chwythai	chwythem	chwythech	chwythent	chwythid
preterite	chwythais	chwythaist	chwythodd	chwythasom	chwythasoch	chwythasant	chwythwyd
pluperfect	chwythaswn	chwythasit	chwythasai	chwythasem	chwythasech	chwythasent	chwythasid, chwythesid
present subjunctive	chwythwyf	chwythych	chwytho	chwythom	chwythoch	chwythont	chwyther
imperative	—	chwyth, chwytha	chwythed	chwythwn	chwythwch	chwythent	chwyther
verbal noun	chwythu
verbal adjectives	chwythedig

Conjugation (colloquial)

Inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	chwytha i, chwythaf i	chwythi di	chwythith o/e/hi, chwythiff e/hi	chwythwn ni	chwythwch chi	chwythan nhw
conditional	chwythwn i, chwythswn i	chwythet ti, chwythset ti	chwythai fo/fe/hi, chwythsai fo/fe/hi	chwythen ni, chwythsen ni	chwythech chi, chwythsech chi	chwythen nhw, chwythsen nhw
preterite	chwythais i, chwythes i	chwythaist ti, chwythest ti	chwythodd o/e/hi	chwython ni	chwythoch chi	chwython nhw
imperative	—	chwytha	—	—	chwythwch	—
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Further reading

• Delyth Prys, J.P.M. Jones, Owain Davies, Gruffudd Prys (2006) Y Termiadur: termau wedi'u safoni; standardised terminology‎^[1] (in Welsh), Cardiff: Awdurdod cymwysterau, cwricwlwm ac asesu Cymru (Qualifications curriculum & assessment authority for Wales), →ISBN, page 132
• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “chwythu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies