dweud

Welsh

Alternative forms

• dywedyd (literary, dated)
• deud (North Wales)
• gweud (South Wales)

Etymology

From Middle Welsh dyweut, from Proto-Celtic *dī-weteti, from Proto-Indo-European *wéth₂-e-ti.

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /dweɨ̯d/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /dwei̯d/
• Rhymes: -eɨ̯d

Verb

dweud (first-person singular present dywedaf or dwedaf)

1. to say

   Synonyms: ebe, ebra, meddai

2. to tell (+ wrth)

   Dw i wedi dweud wrth yr athro.

   I have told the teacher

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)

	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present indicative/future	dywedaf	dywedi	dywed	dywedwn	dywedwch	dywedant	dywedir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional	dywedwn	dywedit	dywedai	dywedem	dywedech	dywedent	dywedid
preterite	dywedais	dywedaist	dywedodd	dywedasom	dywedasoch	dywedasant	dywedwyd
pluperfect	dywedaswn	dywedasit	dywedasai	dywedasem	dywedasech	dywedasent	dywedasid, dywedesid
present subjunctive	dywedwyf	dywedych	dywedo	dywedom	dywedoch	dywedont	dyweder
imperative	—	dywed, dyweda	dyweded	dywedwn	dywedwch	dywedent	dyweder
verbal noun	dweud
verbal adjectives	dywededig dywedadwy

Conjugation (colloquial)

Inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	dweda i, dwedaf i	dwedi di	dwedith o/e/hi, dwediff e/hi	dwedwn ni	dwedwch chi	dwedan nhw
conditional	dwedwn i, dwedswn i	dwedet ti, dwedset ti	dwedai fo/fe/hi, dwedsai fo/fe/hi	dweden ni, dwedsen ni	dwedech chi, dwedsech chi	dweden nhw, dwedsen nhw
preterite	dwedais i, dwedes i	dwedaist ti, dwedest ti	dwedodd o/e/hi	dwedon ni	dwedoch chi	dwedon nhw
imperative	—	dweda	—	—	dwedwch	—
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

• Obsolete form of third-person singular preterite: dywod

Derived terms

• ail-ddweud (“to repeat”)
• dweud y drefn (“to lay down the law”)
• rhagddweud (“to predict”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of dweud

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
dweud	ddweud	nweud	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “dweud”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies