bera

See also: Bera, béra, bēra, be̱ra, bērā, bëra, and berą

Atong (India)

Etymology

From (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

bera

1. fence

References

• van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary.

Basque

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /beɾa/ [be.ɾa]
• Rhymes: -eɾa, -a
• Hyphenation: be‧ra

Etymology 1

From the Proto-Basque root *ber-.

Determiner

bera (postposed)

1. the same

   Ikasle bera izan da leihoa apurtu duena. ― That same student has broken the window.

Usage notes

• This term is used anaphorically, referencing a noun that has already been mentioned.
• This term is declined differently depending on whether it's used as a determiner or a pronoun (unlike hau, hori and hura).

Declension

Declension of Basque anaphoric determiners

		bera			berori
		singular	plural		singular	plural
absolutive		bera	berak		berori	beroriek
ergative		berak	berek		berorrek
dative		berari	berei		berorri	beroriei
genitive		beraren	beren bere		berorren	berorien
comitative		berarekin	berekin		berorrekin	beroriekin
causative		berarengatik beragatik	berengatik beregatik		berorregatik berorrengatik	beroriegatik beroriengatik
benefactive		berarentzat berarendako	berentzat berendako		berorrentzat berorrendako	berorientzat beroriendako
instrumental		beraz	berez		berorretaz berorrezaz	berorietaz beroriezaz
inesive	anim	berarengan beragan	berengan		berorrengan berorren baitan	beroriengan berorien baitan
	inan	berean	beretan		berorretan	berorietan
locative	anim	―	―		―	―
	inan	bereko	beretako		berorretako	berorietako
allative	anim	berarengana(t) beragana(t)	berengana berenganat		berorrengana berorrenganat	beroriengana berorienganat
	inan	berera	beretara		berorretara berorretarat	berorietara berorietarat
terminative	anim	berarenganaino beraganaino	berenganaino		berorrenganaino	berorienganaino
	inan	bereraino	beretaraino		berorretaraino	berorietaraino
directive	anim	berarenganantz beraganantz	berenganantz		berorrenganantz	berorienganantz
	inan	bererantz	beretarantz		berorretarantz	berorietarantz
destinative	anim	berarenganako beraganako	berenganako bereganako		berorrenganako	berorienganako
	inan	bererako	beretarako		berorretarako	berorietarako
ablative	anim	berarengandik beragandik	beregandik		berorrenganik berorrengandik	berorienganik beroriengandik
	inan	beretik	beretatik beratarik		berorretatik berorretarik	berorietatik berorietarik

Pronoun

bera

1. Third-person singular personal pronoun; he, she, it

   Synonym: hura

   Berarekin etorri zinen. ― You came with him/her.

2. oneself, in person (used for greater emphasis)

   Nire amonak berak egingo ditu erosketak. ― My grandmother herself will do the shopping.

   Nire etxean bertan nago. ― I'm at my own house.

Usage notes

• Unlike the determiner, this term isn't used anaphorically. Rather, it is used as an emphatic version of hura (similar to the pair ni/neu).
• This term is declined differently depending on whether it's used as a determiner or a pronoun (unlike hau, hori and hura).
• When used in the second sense, both the noun and the pronoun are declined.

Declension

Declension of Basque anaphoric pronouns

		bera			berori			eurak
		singular	plural		singular	plural		distal	close
absolutive		bera	beraiek		berori	beroriek		eurak	eurok
ergative		berak			berorrek			eurek
dative		berari	beraiei		berorri	beroriei		eurei	euroi
genitive		bere	beraien		berorren	berorien		euren	euron
comitative		berarekin	beraiekin		berorrekin	beroriekin		eurekin	eurokin
causative		beregatik	beraiengatik beraiegatik		berorregatik berorrengatik	beroriegatik beroriengatik		eurengatik	eurongatik
benefactive		beretzat beretako	beraientzat		berorrentzat berorrendako	berorientzat beroriendako		eurentzat	eurontzat
instrumental		beraz	beraiez		berorretaz berorrezaz	berorietaz beroriezaz		―	―
inesive	anim	berarengan beragan	beraiengan		berorrengan berorren baitan	beroriengan berorien baitan		eurengan	eurongan
	inan	bertan	beraietan		berorretan	berorietan		―	―
locative	anim	―	―		―	―		―	―
	inan	bertako	beraietako		berorretako	berorietako		―	―
allative	anim	beregana	beraiengana beraienganat		berorrengana berorrenganat	beroriengana berorienganat		eurengana	eurongana
	inan	bertara	beraietara		berorretara berorretarat	berorietara berorietarat		―	―
terminative	anim	bereganaino	beraienganaino		berorrenganaino	berorienganaino		eurenganaino	euronganaino
	inan	bertaraino	beraietaraino		berorretaraino	berorietaraino		―	―
directive	anim	bereganantz	beraienganantz		berorrenganantz	berorienganantz		eurenganantz	euronganantz
	inan	bertarantz	beraietarantz		berorretarantz	berorietarantz		―	―
destinative	anim	bereganako	beraienganako		berorrenganako	berorienganako		eurenganako	euronganako
	inan	bertarako	beraietarako		berorretarako	berorietarako		―	―
ablative	anim	beregandik bereganik	berainengandik beraienganik		berorrenganik berorrengandik	berorienganik beroriengandik		euregandik eureganik	eurogandik euroganik
	inan	bertatik bertarik	beraietatik beraietarik		berorretatik berorretarik	berorietatik berorietarik		―	―

Derived terms

• bera berez (“one one's own”)
• beraiek (“they”)
• berainez (“therefore”)
• berala (“in the same way”)
• berau (“this one”)
• beraz (“therefore”)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Basque *bera.

Adjective

bera (comparative berago, superlative beren, excessive beregi)

1. soft, smooth
2. gentle, soft, mild

Declension

Declension of bera (adjective, ending in -a)

		indefinite	singular	plural
absolutive		bera	bera	berak
ergative		berak	berak	berek
dative		berari	berari	berei
genitive		beraren	beraren	beren
comitative		berarekin	berarekin	berekin
causative		berarengatik	berarengatik	berengatik
benefactive		berarentzat	berarentzat	berentzat
instrumental		beraz	beraz	berez
inessive	anim	berarengan	berarengan	berengan
	inan	beratan	beran	beretan
locative	anim	—	—	—
	inan	beratako	berako	beretako
allative	anim	berarengana	berarengana	berengana
	inan	beratara	berara	beretara
terminative	anim	berarenganaino	berarenganaino	berenganaino
	inan	berataraino	beraraino	beretaraino
directive	anim	berarenganantz	berarenganantz	berenganantz
	inan	beratarantz	berarantz	beretarantz
destinative	anim	berarenganako	berarenganako	berenganako
	inan	beratarako	berarako	beretarako
ablative	anim	berarengandik	berarengandik	berengandik
	inan	beratatik	beratik	beretatik
partitive		berarik	—	—
prolative		beratzat	—	—

Derived terms

• beratasun (“softness”)
• beratu (“to soften”)
• beratz
• beraztasun (“softness”)

Etymology 3

Noun

bera

1. allative singular of be

Further reading

• “bera”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy] (in Basque), Euskaltzaindia [Royal Academy of the Basque Language]
• “bera”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈbɛra]
• Rhymes: -ɛra
• Hyphenation: be‧ra

Verb

bera

1. masculine singular present transgressive of brát

Anagrams

• rabe

Faroese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpeːɹa/
• Rhymes: -eːɹa
• Homophone: Bera

Etymology 1

From berur.

Noun

bera f (genitive singular beru, plural berur)

1. clearing

Declension

f1	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	bera	beran	berur	berurnar
accusative	beru	beruna	berur	berurnar
dative	beru	beruni	berum	berunum
genitive	beru	berunnar	bera	beranna

Synonyms

• beri

Etymology 2

From Old Norse bera (“to bear”), from Proto-Germanic *beraną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-.

Verb

bera (takes accusative object, third person singular past indicative bar, third person plural past indicative bóru, supine borið)

1. to bear, to carry

Conjugation

Conjugation of bera (group v-54)

infinitive	bera
supine	borið
	present	past
first singular	beri	bar
second singular	bert	bart
third singular	ber	bar
plural	bera	bóru
participle (a26)1	berandi	borin
	imperative
singular	ber!
plural	berið!

¹Only the past participle being declined.

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɛːra/
• Rhymes: -ɛːra
• Homophone: Bera

Etymology 1

From Old Norse bera (“to bear”), from Proto-Germanic *beraną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-.

Verb

bera (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative bar, third-person plural past indicative báru, supine borið)

1. to carry, to bear [with accusative]

   Synonym: halda á

2. (of cows and sheep) to give birth [with accusative]

   Synonym: ala

3. (impersonal) denotes an obligation or duty to do something
   • Article 1, Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Icelandic, English)

     Hver maður er borinn frjáls og jafn öðrum að virðingu og réttindum. Menn eru gæddir vitsmunum og samvizku, og ber þeim að breyta bróðurlega hverjum við annan.

     All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

   Mér ber að fara í stríð.

   It is my duty to go to war.

Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

• aðalborinn
• bera af sér högg
• bera á
• bera á borð
• bera á brýn
• bera á móti
• bera árangur
• bera fram
• bera fram mat
• bera fyrir
• bera fyrir sig
• bera kápuna á báðum öxlum
• bera margt á milli
• bera með sér
• bera merki
• bera mikið á
• bera niður
• bera saman
• bera sig eftir
• bera sig til
• bera sig upp
• bera til
• bera undir
• bera upp tillögu
• bera utan á sér
• bera út
• bera við
• bera við himinn
• berast
• borinn
• borinn og barnfæddur (“born and bred”)

Etymology 2

From Old Norse bera, from Proto-Germanic *bazōną.

Verb

bera (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative beraði, supine berað)

1. to bare

Conjugation

bera — active voice (germynd)

infinitive (nafnháttur)		að bera
supine (sagnbót)		berað
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		berandi
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég bera	við berum	present (nútíð)	ég beri	við berum
	þú berar	þið berið		þú berir	þið berið
	hann, hún, það berar	þeir, þær, þau bera		hann, hún, það beri	þeir, þær, þau beri
past (þátíð)	ég beraði	við beruðum	past (þátíð)	ég beraði	við beruðum
	þú beraðir	þið beruðuð		þú beraðir	þið beruðuð
	hann, hún, það beraði	þeir, þær, þau beruðu		hann, hún, það beraði	þeir, þær, þau beruðu
imperative (boðháttur)	bera (þú)	berið (þið)
	Forms with appended personal pronoun
	beraðu	beriði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

berast — mediopassive voice (miðmynd)

infinitive (nafnháttur)		að berast
supine (sagnbót)		berast
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		berandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég berast	við berumst	present (nútíð)	ég berist	við berumst
	þú berast	þið berist		þú berist	þið berist
	hann, hún, það berast	þeir, þær, þau berast		hann, hún, það berist	þeir, þær, þau berist
past (þátíð)	ég beraðist	við beruðumst	past (þátíð)	ég beraðist	við beruðumst
	þú beraðist	þið beruðust		þú beraðist	þið beruðust
	hann, hún, það beraðist	þeir, þær, þau beruðust		hann, hún, það beraðist	þeir, þær, þau beruðust
imperative (boðháttur)	berast (þú)	berist (þið)
	Forms with appended personal pronoun
	berastu	beristi *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

beraður — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)				plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)		masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	beraður	beruð	berað		beraðir	beraðar	beruð
accusative (þolfall)	beraðan	beraða	berað		beraða	beraðar	beruð
dative (þágufall)	beruðum	beraðri	beruðu		beruðum	beruðum	beruðum
genitive (eignarfall)	beraðs	beraðrar	beraðs		beraðra	beraðra	beraðra
weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)				plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)		masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	beraði	beraða	beraða		beruðu	beruðu	beruðu
accusative (þolfall)	beraða	beruðu	beraða		beruðu	beruðu	beruðu
dative (þágufall)	beraða	beruðu	beraða		beruðu	beruðu	beruðu
genitive (eignarfall)	beraða	beruðu	beraða		beruðu	beruðu	beruðu

Japanese

Romanization

bera

1. Rōmaji transcription of べら
2. Rōmaji transcription of ベラ

Kelabit

Etymology

From Proto-North Sarawak [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀas, from Proto-Austronesian *bəʀas.

Noun

bera

1. rice ((raw) seeds used as food)

Khumi Chin

Bera.

Etymology

Borrowed from Bengali ভেড়া (bheṛa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /be˧.ra˩/

Noun

bera

1. sheep

Derived terms

• beracäpi
• beramäte
• beranä-awi
• berapä-ai
• berarungpui

References

• K. E. Herr (2011) The phonological interpretation of minor syllables, applied to Lemi Chin‎^[1], Payap University, page 74

Latin

Adjective

bēra

1. inflection of bērus:
   1. nominative/vocative feminine singular
   2. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

Adjective

bērā

1. ablative feminine singular of bērus

References

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “bera”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive
• bera in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “bera”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly

Maltese

Root
b-r-j
1 term

Etymology

Probably from Sicilian brillari.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbɛ.ra/

Verb

bera (imperfect jibri, past participle mibri, verbal noun biri)

1. to shine

Conjugation

Conjugation of bera

		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
perfect	m	brejt	brejt	bera		brejna	brejtu	brew
	f			briet
imperfect	m	nibri	tibri	jibri		nibru	tibru	jibru
	f			tibri
imperative			ibri				ibru

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²bɛːra/, /²bɛr(ː)a/
• Hyphenation: bè‧ra

Etymology 1

From Old Norse bera, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-. Akin to English bear.

Alternative forms

• bere (e infinitive)
• bårå (dialectal)

Verb

bera (present tense ber, past tense bar, supine bore, past participle boren, present participle berande, imperative ber)

1. to carry, bear

   Kor langt skal eg bera dette?

   How far shall I carry this?

   Vil isen bera oss?

   Will the ice bear us?

Derived terms

• berar
• berbar
• bere til
• berebjelke
• berebølgje
• beredyktig
• bereevne
• bereflate
• berekonstruksjon
• berekraft
• beremeis
• berenett
• berereim
• berestol
• berevegg
• -boren
• forbere
• førebere
• hugbere
• innebere
• målbere
• ombere

Related terms

• bene, benelde
• bær

Etymology 2

Noun

bera f

1. definite singular of bere

References

• “bere” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *berô (“bear”). Cognate with Old Frisian *bera, Old Saxon bero, Old Dutch *bero, Old High German bero. The oblique stem *bern- gave Old Norse bjǫrn.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbe.rɑ/

Noun

bera m

1. bear

Declension

Weak:

	singular	plural
nominative	bera	beran
accusative	beran	beran
genitive	beran	berena
dative	beran	berum

Derived terms

• bere
• biren

Descendants

• Middle English: bere, bier, beare, beore, bore
  • English: bear (see there for further descendants)
  • Scots: beir

Old Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbʲera/

Noun

bera

1. genitive singular/dual of bir (“spit”)

Alternative forms

• bero

Verb

·bera

1. third-person singular present subjunctive conjunct of beirid

Mutation

Mutation of bera

radical	lenition	nasalization
bera	bera pronounced with /β(ʲ)-/	mbera

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Old Norse

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *beraną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti (*bʰer- being the root). Compare Old English beran, Old Saxon beran, Old High German beran, Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (bairan).

Verb

bera

2. to carry, to bear

Conjugation

Conjugation of bera — active (strong class 4)

infinitive	bera
present participle	berandi
past participle	borinn
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	ber	bar
2nd-person singular	berr	bart
3rd-person singular	berr	bar
1st-person plural	berum	bǫ́rum
2nd-person plural	berið	bǫ́ruð
3rd-person plural	bera	bǫ́ru
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	bera	bæra
2nd-person singular	berir	bærir
3rd-person singular	beri	bæri
1st-person plural	berim	bærim
2nd-person plural	berið	bærið
3rd-person plural	beri	bæri
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	ber
1st-person plural	berum
2nd-person plural	berið

Conjugation of bera — mediopassive (strong class 4)

infinitive	berask
present participle	berandisk
past participle	borizk
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	berumk	bǫ́rumk
2nd-person singular	bersk	barzk
3rd-person singular	bersk	barsk
1st-person plural	berumsk	bǫ́rumsk
2nd-person plural	berizk	bǫ́ruzk
3rd-person plural	berask	bǫ́rusk
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	berumk	bærumk
2nd-person singular	berisk	bærisk
3rd-person singular	berisk	bærisk
1st-person plural	berimsk	bærimsk
2nd-person plural	berizk	bærizk
3rd-person plural	berisk	bærisk
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	bersk
1st-person plural	berumsk
2nd-person plural	berizk

Descendants

• Icelandic: bera
• Faroese: bera
• Norn: bera
• Norwegian Nynorsk: bera
• Elfdalian: bjärå
• Old Swedish: bæra
  • Swedish: bära
• Old Danish: bæræ
  • Danish: bære
    • Norwegian Bokmål: bære

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *bazōną.

Verb

bera

2. to make bare

Conjugation

Conjugation of bera — active (weak class 2)

infinitive	bera
present participle	berandi
past participle	beraðr
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	bera	beraða
2nd-person singular	berar	beraðir
3rd-person singular	berar	beraði
1st-person plural	berum	beruðum
2nd-person plural	berið	beruðuð
3rd-person plural	bera	beruðu
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	bera	beraða
2nd-person singular	berir	beraðir
3rd-person singular	beri	beraði
1st-person plural	berim	beraðim
2nd-person plural	berið	beraðið
3rd-person plural	beri	beraði
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	bera
1st-person plural	berum
2nd-person plural	berið

Conjugation of bera — mediopassive (weak class 2)

infinitive	berask
present participle	berandisk
past participle	berazk
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	berumk	beruðumk
2nd-person singular	berask	beraðisk
3rd-person singular	berask	beraðisk
1st-person plural	berumsk	beruðumsk
2nd-person plural	berizk	beruðuzk
3rd-person plural	berask	beruðusk
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	berumk	beruðumk
2nd-person singular	berisk	beraðisk
3rd-person singular	berisk	beraðisk
1st-person plural	berimsk	beraðimsk
2nd-person plural	berizk	beraðizk
3rd-person plural	berisk	beraðisk
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	berask
1st-person plural	berumsk
2nd-person plural	berizk

Descendants

• Norwegian Nynorsk: berre

Etymology 3

Somehow derived from Proto-Germanic *berô, whence also bjǫrn.

Noun

bera f (genitive beru)

2. female bear

   Synonym: birna

Declension

Declension of bera (weak ōn-stem)

feminine	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	bera	beran	berur	berurnar
accusative	beru	beruna	berur	berurnar
dative	beru	berunni	berum	berunum
genitive	beru	berunnar	berna	bernanna

Descendants

• Norwegian Nynorsk: bere f

Etymology 4

Adjective

bera

1. inflection of berr:
   1. positive degree strong feminine accusative singular
   2. positive degree strong masculine accusative plural
   3. positive degree weak masculine oblique singular
   4. positive degree weak feminine nominative singular
   5. positive degree weak neuter singular

Further reading

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “bera1”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive
• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “bera2”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive
• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “bera3”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive
• bera in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “bera”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly

Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from French beurré.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbɛ.ra/
• Rhymes: -ɛra
• Syllabification: be‧ra
• Homophone: Bera

Noun

bera f

1. butter pear (juicy, delicate-textured French variety of pear)

Declension

Declension of bera

	singular	plural
nominative	bera	bery
genitive	bery	ber
dative	berze	berom
accusative	berę	bery
instrumental	berą	berami
locative	berze	berach
vocative	bero	bery

Further reading

• bera in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• bera in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• bera in PWN's encyclopedia