Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/beraną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti, from *bʰer- (“to carry, bear”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbe.rɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*beraną^[1]^[2]^[3]

to carry, to bear

Inflection

Conjugation of *beraną (strong class 4)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*berō	*beraų	—	*berai	?
2nd singular	*birizi	*beraiz	*ber	*berazai	*beraizau
3rd singular	*biridi	*berai	*beradau	*beradai	*beraidau
1st dual	*berōz	*beraiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*beradiz	*beraidiz	*beradiz	—	—
1st plural	*beramaz	*beraim	—	*berandai	*beraindau
2nd plural	*birid	*beraid	*birid	*berandai	*beraindau
3rd plural	*berandi	*berain	*berandau	*berandai	*beraindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*bar	*bērį̄
2nd singular	*bart	*bērīz
3rd singular	*bar	*bērī
1st dual	*bērū	*bērīw
2nd dual	*bērudiz	*bērīdiz
1st plural	*bērum	*bērīm
2nd plural	*bērud	*bērīd
3rd plural	*bērun	*bērīn

	present	past
participles	*berandz	*buranaz

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *beran
- Old English: beran, beoran
  - Middle English: beren, beoren, bearen, baren
    - English: bear
    - Scots: bere, beir
    - Yola: ber, baar
- Old Frisian: bera
  - Saterland Frisian: bere
  - West Frisian: barre
- Old Saxon: beran
  - Middle Low German: beren, baren
    - German Low German: böhren
    - Westphalian:
      Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: buar'n
      Sauerländisch: ⇒ gebe̗ren
      Westmünsterländisch: bohrn
- Old Dutch: beran
  - Middle Dutch: bēren
- Old High German: beran, peran
  - Middle High German: bëren, bërn
    - ⇒ German: gebären
    - Alemannic German: beren
Old Norse: bera
- Icelandic: bera
- Faroese: bera
- Norn: bera
- Norwegian Nynorsk: bera
- Elfdalian: bjärå
- Old Swedish: bæra
  - Swedish: bära
- Old Danish: bæræ
  - Danish: bære
    - Norwegian Bokmål: bære
Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (bairan)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*beran- 1”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 59
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*beranan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 41
^ Seebold, Elmar (1970) “BER-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 104

[Kroonen-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*beran- 1”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 59

[Orel-2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*beranan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 41

[Seebold-3] Seebold, Elmar (1970) “BER-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 104

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[2]

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