ber

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ber"

Translingual

Symbol

ber

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-5 language code for Berber languages.

English

Alternative forms

• bair, bear, bér, bèr, bër, bher, bir

Etymology

Borrowed from Hindi बेर (ber).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: bâr, IPA^(key): /bɛə(ɹ)/
• (India) enPR: bâr, IPA^(key): [beːɾ]

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛə(ɹ)

Noun

ber (plural bers)

1. A fruit-bearing tree (Ziziphus mauritiana); the jujube.

See also

• ber month

References

• ber listed in the Oxford English Dictionary [2nd ed., 1989] (paywall)

Anagrams

• 'erb, BrE, Bre, Erb, REB, Reb, reb

Albanian

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *bōr-, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰōrs-, from root *bʰers- (“point, tip bolt”). Cognate to Old Irish barr (“point”).

Noun

ber m (plural berë, definite beri, definite plural berët)

1. bow, arc, arch
2. arrow
3. javelin, lance
4. European whipsnake (Dolichophis jugularis, syn. Coluber jugularis)

Derived terms

• beronjë

Related terms

• ylber, bërryl

Cimbrian

Alternative forms

• bèar (Sette Comuni)

Etymology

Inherited from Middle High German wer, from Old High German wer, from Proto-West Germanic *hwaʀ, from Proto-Germanic *hwaz. Cognate with German wer, English who.

Pronoun

ber

1. (Luserna) who

   Bobrall du geast, gedenkhte ber du pist. ― Wherever you go, remember who you are.

References

• Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈbɛr]
• Rhymes: -ɛr

Verb

ber

1. second-person singular imperative of brát

Anagrams

• erb

Elfdalian

Adjective

ber

1. bare, uncovered

Inflection

This adjective needs an inflection-table template.

Faroese

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Norse ber, from Proto-Germanic *basją, *bazją.

Noun

ber n (genitive singular bers, plural ber)

1. berry

Declension

Declension of ber
n22	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	ber	berið	ber	berini
accusative	ber	berið	ber	berini
dative	beri	berinum	berjum, berum	berjunum, berunum
genitive	bers	bersins	berja	berjanna

Derived terms

• berjalyngur (“Empetrum”)
• bervísa
• bláber (“Vaccinium”)
• einiber
• jarðber (“Fragaria”)
• krákuber
• maðkaber
• oljuber
• reyðber
• rossaber (“Rubus”)
• stikkulsber (“Ribes uva-crispa”)
• svartber
• vinbláber (“Vaccinium vitis-idaea”)

 

Etymology 2

Conjugated form.

Verb

ber

1. inflection of bera:
   1. third-person singular present
   2. second-person singular imperative

Derived terms

• tað ber ikki til (“this is impossible”)

French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French berz, from Vulgar Latin *bertium (“little cradle”), from Gaulish.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

ber m (plural bers)

1. (nautical) a cradle that holds a ship before and during its launch

Further reading

• “ber”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pɛːr/
• Rhymes: -ɛːr

Etymology 1

From Old Norse berr, from Proto-Germanic *bazaz.

Adjective

ber (comparative berari, superlative berastur)

1. bare
2. bare, naked
3. uncovered
4. discovered

   Hann varð ber að lygi.

   He was caught lying.

Inflection

    positive (strong declension)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	ber	ber	bert
accusative	beran	bera	bert
dative	berum	berri	beru
genitive	bers	berrar	bers
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	berir	berar	ber
accusative	bera	berar	ber
dative	berum	berum	berum
genitive	berra	berra	berra

    positive (weak declension)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	beri	bera	bera
accusative	bera	beru	bera
dative	bera	beru	bera
genitive	bera	beru	bera
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	beru	beru	beru
accusative	beru	beru	beru
dative	beru	beru	beru
genitive	beru	beru	beru

    comparative

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	berari	berari	berara
accusative	berari	berari	berara
dative	berari	berari	berara
genitive	berari	berari	berara
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	berari	berari	berari
accusative	berari	berari	berari
dative	berari	berari	berari
genitive	berari	berari	berari

    superlative (strong declension)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	berastur	berust	berast
accusative	berastan	berasta	berast
dative	berustum	berastri	berustu
genitive	berasts	berastrar	berasts
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	berastir	berastar	berust
accusative	berasta	berastar	berust
dative	berustum	berustum	berustum
genitive	berastra	berastra	berastra

    superlative (weak declension)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	berasti	berasta	berasta
accusative	berasta	berustu	berasta
dative	berasta	berustu	berasta
genitive	berasta	berustu	berasta
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	berustu	berustu	berustu
accusative	berustu	berustu	berustu
dative	berustu	berustu	berustu
genitive	berustu	berustu	berustu

Derived terms

• allsber
• berrassaður
• ber er hver að baki, nema sér bróður eigi

Etymology 2

From Old Norse ber, from Proto-Germanic *basją, *bazją.

Noun

ber n (genitive singular bers, nominative plural ber)

1. berry

Declension

Declension of ber (neuter)

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	ber	berið	ber	berin
accusative	ber	berið	ber	berin
dative	beri	berinu	berjum	berjunum
genitive	bers	bersins	berja	berjanna

Derived terms

• aðalbláber
• bláber
• jarðarber
• kirsuber
• krækiber
• rifsber
• sólber
• steinber

 

Latvian

Verb

ber

1. inflection of bērt:
   1. second/third-person singular present indicative
   2. third-person plural present indicative
   3. second-person singular imperative
2. (with the particle lai) third-person singular imperative of bērt
3. (with the particle lai) third-person plural imperative of bērt

Mirandese

Verb

ber

1. to see

Related terms

• besible
• bison
• bista

Mòcheno

Pronoun

ber

1. unstressed form of biar

References

• “ber” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

Namuyi

Alternative forms

• bzhe

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [bɚ˧]
• Hyphenation: ber

Verb

ber

1. (stative) to be full (of)

References

• Štěpán Pavlík (2017) The Description of Namuzi Language‎^[2], Prague: Charles University (PhD Thesis), page 119

North Frisian

Alternative forms

• bad (Föhr-Amrum)
• bade (Mooring)

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *bidjaną.

Pronunciation

• (Sylt) IPA^(key): [b̥ɛɐ̯]

Verb

ber

1. (Sylt) to ask politely, to beg, request

Conjugation

Conjugation of ber (Sylt dialect)

infinitive I	ber
infinitive II	(tö) beren
past participle	böören
imperative	ber
	present	past
1st singular	ber	buar
2nd singular	berst	buarst
3rd singular	bert	buar
plural / dual	ber	buar
	perfect	pluperfect
1st singular	haa böören	her böören
2nd singular	heest böören	herst böören
3rd singular	heer böören	her böören
plural / dual	haa böören	her böören
	future (skel)	future (wel)
1st singular	skel ber	wel ber
2nd singular	sket ber	wet ber
3rd singular	skel ber	wel ber
plural / dual	skel ber	wel ber

Northern Kurdish

Etymology 1

From the same root as Etymology 2 below.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɛɾ/
• Rhymes: -ɛɾ
• Hyphenation: ber

Noun

ber m (Arabic spelling بەر)

1. front, face

   Synonym: pêşî

Declension

Declension of ber

Definite masculine gender
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ber	ber
Construct	berê	berên
Oblique	berî	beran
Demonstrative oblique	wî berî	wan beran
Vocative	bero	berino
Indefinite masculine gender
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	berek	berin
Construct	berekî	berine
Oblique	berekî	berinan

Etymology 2

Slightly under the influence of Persian بر (“on, over”) (akin to wer (“prefix meaning "around"”)) but from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“front; around”). The change in meaning of this word in Northwest Iranic languages can be seen in Parthian [script needed] (par, “to; at”) also.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɛɾ/
• Rhymes: -ɛɾ
• Hyphenation: ber

Preposition

ber (Arabic spelling بەر)

1. (temporal and spatial) before; in front of; toward
2. in, under

Derived terms

• ber avîtin
• ber xwe ketin
• ber xwe kirin
• ber çûyîn

 

Etymology 3

Likely from Proto-Iranian *varta- (“stone”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɛɾ/
• Rhymes: -ɛɾ
• Hyphenation: ber

Noun

ber m (Arabic spelling بەر)

1. stone, rock
   1. particularly a small stone

      Antonym: kevir

2. bullet

Declension

Declension of ber

Definite masculine gender
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ber	ber
Construct	berê	berên
Oblique	berî	beran
Demonstrative oblique	wî berî	wan beran
Vocative	bero	berino
Indefinite masculine gender
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	berek	berin
Construct	berekî	berine
Oblique	berekî	berinan

Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɛr/
• Rhymes: -ɛr
• Hyphenation: ber

Noun

ber f (Arabic spelling بەڕ)

1. kilim (type of carpet)

Declension

Declension of ber

Definite masculine gender
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ber	ber
Construct	berê	berên
Oblique	berî	beran
Demonstrative oblique	wî berî	wan beran
Vocative	bero	berino
Indefinite masculine gender
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	berek	berin
Construct	berekî	berine
Oblique	berekî	berinan

Etymology 5

Compare Persian بر (bar, “fruit”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɛɾ/
• Rhymes: -ɛɾ
• Hyphenation: ber

Noun

ber m or f (Arabic spelling بەر)

1. fruit

   Synonyms: êmîş, fîkî, mêwe

2. (figurative) product

Declension

Declension of ber

Definite feminine and masculine gender
Case	Feminine (sg)	Masculine (sg)	Plural
Nominative	ber	ber	ber
Construct	bera	berê	berên
Oblique	berê	berî	beran
Demonstrative oblique	wê berê	wî berî	wan beran
Vocative	berê	bero	berino
Indefinite feminine and masculine gender
Case	Feminine (sg)	Masculine (sg)	Plural
Nominative	berek	berek	berin
Construct	bereke	berekî	berine
Oblique	berekê	berekî	berinan

Etymology 6

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɛˤɾ/
• Rhymes: -ɛʕɾ
• Hyphenation: ber

Noun

be'r f (Arabic spelling بەعر)

1. Alternative form of behr (“sea”)

Declension

Declension of ber

Definite feminine gender
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ber	ber
Construct	bera	berên
Oblique	berê	beran
Demonstrative oblique	wê berê	wan beran
Vocative	berê	berino
Indefinite feminine gender
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	berek	berin
Construct	bereke	berine
Oblique	berekê	berinan

References

• Chyet, Michael L. (2020) “ber I”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 45
• Chyet, Michael L. (2020) “ber II”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 45
• Chyet, Michael L. (2020) “ber III”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 46
• Chyet, Michael L. (2020) “ber̄ IV”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 46
• Chyet, Michael L. (2020) “ber V”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 47
• Chyet, Michael L. (2020) “be‘r VI”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 47

Norwegian Bokmål

Verb

ber

1. present of be

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Verb

ber

1. present tense of bera
2. imperative of bera

Etymology 2

Verb

ber

1. present tense of be

Anagrams

• bre

Old English

Alternative forms

• bǣr

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *bāru, from Proto-Germanic *bērō, whence also Old High German bāra.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /beːr/

Noun

bēr f

1. bier; a litter to transport dead people

Declension

Declension of bēr (strong ō-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	bēr	bēra, bēre
accusative	bēre	bēra, bēre
genitive	bēre	bēra
dative	bēre	bērum

Descendants

• Middle English: bere, beere, beer
  • Scots: bere, beir
  • English: bier

Old French

Noun

ber m

1. nominative singular of baron

Old Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bʲer/

Verb

·ber

1. first-person singular present subjunctive conjunct of beirid

Mutation

Mutation of ber

radical	lenition	nasalization
ber	ber pronounced with /β(ʲ)-/	mber

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Old Norse

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *basją, *bazją, whence also Old English berġe, Old High German beri, Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐍃𐌹 (basi).

Noun

ber n (genitive plural berja)

1. berry

Declension

  Declension of ber (strong ja-stem)

neuter	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	ber	berit	ber	berin
accusative	ber	berit	ber	berin
dative	beri	berinu	berjum	berjunum
genitive	bers	bersins	berja	berjanna

Descendants

• Icelandic: ber
• Faroese: ber
• Norwegian: bær
• Old Swedish: bær
  • Swedish: bär
• Danish: bær

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

ber

1. inflection of berr (“bare”):
   1. strong feminine nominative singular
   2. strong neuter nominative/accusative plural

Verb

ber

1. inflection of bera:
   1. first-person singular present indicative active
   2. second-person singular imperative active
2. inflection of berja:
   1. first-person singular present indicative active
   2. second-person singular imperative active

References

• “ber”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Old Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bъrъ. First attested in 1409.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /bɛr/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /bɛr/

Noun

ber m animacy unattested

1. (attested in Greater poland) foxtail millet (Setaria italica)
   • 1900 [1437], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2‎^[3], number 2650:

     Ber iocues, panicus

     [Ber iocues, panicus]

   • 1920 [1409], Marceli Handelsman, Antoni Rybarski, Kazimierz Tymieniecki, editors, Najdawniejsze księgi sądowe mazowieckie, volume I, number 1398, Płońsk:

     Yacom ne popasl Recziboroui poltory copi brw

     [Jakom nie popasł Reciborowi połtory kopy bru]

   • c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 95r:

     Panichium est legumen quoddam proprie fenchel ber

     [Panichium est legumen quoddam proprie fenchel ber]

Descendants

• Polish: ber

References

• Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “ber”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
• B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “ber”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
• Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska, Magdalena Klapper, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, editors (2023), “ber”, in Rozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków: Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk

Polabian

ber

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle Low German bâr／bare

Noun

ber m ?

1. bear

References

• Lehr-Spławiński, T., Polański, K. (1962) “ber”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka Drzewian połabskich [Etymological Dictionary of the Polabian Drevani Language] (in Polish), number 1 (A – ďüzd), Wrocław, Warszawa etc.: Ossolineum, page 30
• Polański, Kazimierz, James Allen Sehnert (1967) “ber”, in Polabian-English Dictionary, The Hague, Paris: Mouton & Co, page 37
• Olesch, Reinhold (1962) “Báar”, in Thesaurus Linguae Dravaenopolabicae [Thesaurus of the Drevani language] (in German), volumes 1: A – O, Cologne, Vienna: Böhlau Verlag, →ISBN, page 10

Polish

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Polish ber.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ˈbɛr/

• (Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /ˈbɛr/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛr
• Syllabification: ber

Noun

ber m inan

1. foxtail millet (Setaria italica)

Declension

Declension of ber

	singular	plural
nominative	ber	bery
genitive	beru	berów
dative	berowi	berom
accusative	ber	bery
instrumental	berem	berami
locative	berze	berach
vocative	berze	bery

or

Declension of ber

	singular	plural
nominative	ber	bry
genitive	bru	brów
dative	browi	brom
accusative	ber	bry
instrumental	brem	brami
locative	brze	brach
vocative	brze	bry

Derived terms

adjective

• brzany

 

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbɛr/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛr
• Syllabification: ber

Noun

ber f

1. genitive plural of bera

Further reading

• ber in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “ber”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• Danuta Lankiewicz (22.02.2016) “BER”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “ber”, in Słownik języka polskiego
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “ber”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “ber”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 115

Swedish

Verb

ber

1. present indicative of be

Anagrams

• bre

Tatar

Tatar cardinal numbers

	1	2  >
Cardinal : ber     Ordinal : berençe

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”).

Numeral

ber (Cyrillic spelling бер)

1. one

Volapük

Etymology

Borrowed from English bear (Ursidae).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [beɾ]

Noun

ber (nominative plural bers)

1. (male or female) bear (ursid)

Declension

declension of ber

	singular	plural
nominative	ber	bers
genitive	bera	beras
dative	bere	beres
accusative	beri	beris
vocative 1	o ber!	o bers!
predicative 2	beru	berus

• ¹ status as a case is disputed
• ² in later, non-classical Volapük only

Derived terms

• berik
• beril
• berül
• blägaber
• braunaber
• gedaber
• hiber
• hiberül
• jiber
• jiberül
• lekevaber
• sigretaber
• sismalaber

 

Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɛr/
• Rhymes: -ɛr

Adjective

ber

1. feminine singular of byr

Mutation

Mutated forms of ber

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
ber	fer	mer	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Yola

Alternative forms

• baar

Etymology

From Middle English beren, from Old English beran, from Proto-West Germanic *beran.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /biː/

Verb

ber

1. to bear, to carry

References

• Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 26

Zaghawa

Pronoun

ber

1. third person singular pronoun

Related terms

• bers third person plural

References

• Beria-English English-Beria Dictionary [provisional] ADESK, Iriba, Kobe Department, Chad