berja
Faroese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Norse berja, from Proto-Germanic *barjaną (“to beat, to strike”).
Verb
[edit]berja (third person singular past indicative bardi, third person plural past indicative bardu, supine bart)
- to beat
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of berja (group v-17) | ||
---|---|---|
infinitive | berja | |
supine | bart | |
participle (a7)1 | berjandi | bardur |
present | past | |
first singular | berji | bardi |
second singular | berjir | bardi |
third singular | berjir | bardi |
plural | berja | bardu |
imperative | ||
singular | berj! | |
plural | berjið! | |
1Only the past participle being declined. |
See also
[edit]Icelandic
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Old Norse berja, from Proto-Germanic *barjaną (“to beat, to strike”).
Verb
[edit]berja (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative barði, supine barið)
Conjugation
[edit]j=jPlease see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að berja | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
barið | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
berjandi | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég ber | við berjum | present (nútíð) |
ég berji | við berjum |
þú berð | þið berjið | þú berjir | þið berjið | ||
hann, hún, það ber | þeir, þær, þau berja | hann, hún, það berji | þeir, þær, þau berji | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég barði | við börðum | past (þátíð) |
ég berði | við berðum |
þú barðir | þið börðuð | þú berðir | þið berðuð | ||
hann, hún, það barði | þeir, þær, þau börðu | hann, hún, það berði | þeir, þær, þau berðu | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
ber (þú) | berjið (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
berðu | berjiði * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að berjast | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
barist | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
berjandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég berst | við berjumst | present (nútíð) |
ég berjist | við berjumst |
þú berst | þið berjist | þú berjist | þið berjist | ||
hann, hún, það berst | þeir, þær, þau berjast | hann, hún, það berjist | þeir, þær, þau berjist | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég barðist | við börðumst | past (þátíð) |
ég berðist | við berðumst |
þú barðist | þið börðust | þú berðist | þið berðust | ||
hann, hún, það barðist | þeir, þær, þau börðust | hann, hún, það berðist | þeir, þær, þau berðust | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
berst (þú) | berist (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
berstu | beristi * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
strong declension (sterk beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
barinn | barin | barið | barðir | barðar | barin | |
accusative (þolfall) |
barinn | barða | barið | barða | barðar | barin | |
dative (þágufall) |
börðum | barinni | börðu | börðum | börðum | börðum | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
barins | barinnar | barins | barinna | barinna | barinna | |
weak declension (veik beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
barði | barða | barða | börðu | börðu | börðu | |
accusative (þolfall) |
barða | börðu | barða | börðu | börðu | börðu | |
dative (þágufall) |
barða | börðu | barða | börðu | börðu | börðu | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
barða | börðu | barða | börðu | börðu | börðu |
Derived terms
[edit]- berjast (“to fight”)
- berja á (“to thrash”)
- berja í gegn (“to force through”)
- berja niður (“to suppress, to beat down”)
- berja saman (“to cobble together”)
- berja sér (“to gripe, to complain”)
Etymology 2
[edit]Inflected form of ber (“berry”).
Noun
[edit]berja n
Norwegian Nynorsk
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Verb
[edit]berja (present tense ber, past tense barde, past participle bart, passive infinitive berjast, present participle berjande, imperative ber)
- (transitive) to beat
- (transitive) to throw rocks at
- (transitive) to thresh
Noun
[edit]berja f (definite singular berja, indefinite plural berjer or berjor, definite plural berjene or berjone)
References
[edit]- “berja” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old Norse
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Germanic *barjaną. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“to pierce, strike”).
Verb
[edit]berja (past indicative barði, past participle bariðr or barðr)
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | berja | |
---|---|---|
present participle | berjandi | |
past participle | barðr | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | ber | barða |
2nd-person singular | berr | barðir |
3rd-person singular | berr | barði |
1st-person plural | berjum | bǫrðum |
2nd-person plural | berið | bǫrðuð |
3rd-person plural | berja | bǫrðu |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | berja | berða |
2nd-person singular | berir | berðir |
3rd-person singular | beri | berði |
1st-person plural | berim | berðim |
2nd-person plural | berið | berðið |
3rd-person plural | beri | berði |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | ber | |
1st-person plural | berjum | |
2nd-person plural | berið |
infinitive | berjask | |
---|---|---|
present participle | berjandisk | |
past participle | berzk | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | berjumk | bǫrðumk |
2nd-person singular | bersk | barðisk |
3rd-person singular | bersk | barðisk |
1st-person plural | berjumsk | bǫrðumsk |
2nd-person plural | berizk | bǫrðuzk |
3rd-person plural | berjask | bǫrðusk |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | berjumk | berðumk |
2nd-person singular | berisk | berðisk |
3rd-person singular | berisk | berðisk |
1st-person plural | berimsk | berðimsk |
2nd-person plural | berizk | berðizk |
3rd-person plural | berisk | berðisk |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | bersk | |
1st-person plural | berjumsk | |
2nd-person plural | berizk |
Alternative forms
[edit]- ᛒᛆᚱᚦᛁ (barþi) — third singular past indicative – M 2
- ᛒᛅᚱᚦᚢᛋᚴ (barþusk) — mediopassive third plural past indicative – DR 66
Descendants
[edit]- Icelandic: berja
- Faroese: berja
- Norwegian Nynorsk: berja, berje
- Old Swedish: bæria
- Swedish: bärja
- Old Danish: bærje
- Danish: bære
Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
[edit]berja
- indefinite genitive plural of ber (“berry”)
References
[edit]- “berja”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- Faroese terms inherited from Old Norse
- Faroese terms derived from Old Norse
- Faroese terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Faroese terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Faroese lemmas
- Faroese verbs
- Icelandic 2-syllable words
- Icelandic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛrja
- Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛrja/2 syllables
- Icelandic terms inherited from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Icelandic terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic verbs
- Icelandic weak verbs
- Icelandic non-lemma forms
- Icelandic noun forms
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk verbs
- Norwegian Nynorsk transitive verbs
- Norwegian Nynorsk nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk feminine nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk weak feminine nouns ending in -a
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Norse terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰerH- (pierce)
- Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse lemmas
- Old Norse verbs
- Old Norse class 1 weak short-stem verbs
- Old Norse non-lemma forms
- Old Norse noun forms