barr

See also: Barr, Bärr, barr-, bàrr, and bárr

English

Etymology 1

From French barrir (“to trumpet; to make the sound of an elephant”), from Old French barrire, from Late Latin barriō, from Latin barrus (“elephant”).

Verb

barr (third-person singular simple present barrs, present participle barring, simple past and past participle barred)

1. (obsolete) To make the sound of an elephant.
   • 1737, François Rabelais, translated by Thomas Urquhart, The Complete Works of Doctor François Rabelais:

     He gave us also the example of the Philosopher, who, when he thought most seriously to have withdrawn himself unto a solitary Privacy, far from the rufling Clutterments of the tumultuous and confused World, the better to improve his Theory, to contrive, comment, and ratiocinate, was, notwithstanding his uttermost Endeavours to free himself from all untowards Noises, surrounded and environ'd about so with the barking of Curs, howling of Wolves, neighing of Horses, bleating of Sheep, barring of Elephants, hissing of Serpents, braying of Asses, chirping of Grasshoppers, cooing of Turtles […]

Etymology 2

See bar.

Noun

barr (countable and uncountable, plural barrs)

1. Obsolete spelling of bar.

Verb

barr (third-person singular simple present barrs, present participle barring, simple past and past participle barred)

1. Obsolete spelling of bar.

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse barr, from Proto-Germanic *baraz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /parː/
• Rhymes: -arː

Noun

barr n (genitive singular barrs, no plural)

1. pine needles

Declension

Declension of barr (sg-only neuter)

	singular
	indefinite	definite
nominative	barr	barrið
accusative	barr	barrið
dative	barri	barrinu
genitive	barrs	barrsins

Derived terms

• barrfinka (“siskin”)
• barrskógur
• barrspæta (“great spotted woodpecker”)
• barrtré (“conifer”)
• barrviður

 

Irish

Alternative forms

• bárr (obsolete)

Pronunciation

• (Munster, Connacht) IPA^(key): /bˠɑːɾˠ/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /bˠaːɾˠ/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish barr (“top”), from Proto-Celtic *barros (compare Middle Welsh barr), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰers-.

Noun

barr m (genitive singular bairr or barr, nominative plural barra)

1. tip, head, point
2. top; summit
3. surface
4. (agriculture) crop, yield
5. crest (of wavelength)

Declension

Declension of barr (first declension)

bare forms case singular plural nominative barr barra vocative a bhairr a bharra genitive bairr barr dative barr barra forms with the definite article case singular plural nominative an barr na barra genitive an bhairr na mbarr dative leis an mbarr don bharr leis na barra

Alternative declension

Declension of barr (fourth declension)

bare forms case singular plural nominative barr barra vocative a bharr a bharra genitive barr barra dative barr barra forms with the definite article case singular plural nominative an barr na barra genitive an bharr na mbarra dative leis an mbarr don bharr leis na barra

Derived terms

• ar barr do ghoib (“on the tip of one’s tongue”)
• ar barr do theanga
• ar bharr (“on top of; completely”)
• bain barr de (“vie with”)
• barr ar (“in excess of”)
• barr bua (“supremacy, victory”)
• barr cátha (“oat-husk tea”)
• barr láin
• barr margaidh (“cash crop”)
• barr taoide (“high tide”)
• barr- (“topped”)
• barraicín- (“tiptoe”)
• beir barr (“surpass, overcome”)
• bun agus barr (“the whole essence”)
• bun barr (“completely”)
• cé dhá bharr (“why?”)
• dá bharr (“gained”)
• dá bharr sin (“consequently”)
• de bharr (“because of”)
• de bharr ar (“in addition to; in preference to”)
• de bharr go (“because”)
• dul i mbarr (“deprive”)
• i mbarr d'anama (“with all one’s strength”)
• i mbarr do chéille (“out of one’s senses”)
• ó bhun go barr (“completely, from top to bottom”)
• príomhbharr (“main crop”)
• tabhair ar barr (“bring up, mention”)
• tabhair barr (“surpass, excel”)
• thar barr (“excellent, exceedingly”)
• thar barr amach (“outright, completely”)
• uchtbharr (“parapet”)

 

Related terms

• cafarr (“helmet, headpiece; kerchief”)

Verb

barr (present analytic barrann, future analytic barrfaidh, verbal noun barradh, past participle barrtha)

1. (transitive) top

Conjugation

conjugation of barr (first conjugation – A)

		singular			plural			relative	autonomous
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative	present	barraim	barrann tú; barrair†	barrann sé, sí	barraimid	barrann sibh	barrann siad; barraid†	a bharrann; a bharras / a mbarrann*	barrtar
	past	bharr mé; bharras	bharr tú; bharrais	bharr sé, sí	bharramar; bharr muid	bharr sibh; bharrabhair	bharr siad; bharradar	a bharr / ar bharr*	barradh
	past habitual	bharrainn / mbarrainn‡‡	bharrtá / mbarrtᇇ	bharradh sé, sí / mbarradh sé, s퇇	bharraimis; bharradh muid / mbarraimis‡‡; mbarradh muid‡‡	bharradh sibh / mbarradh sibh‡‡	bharraidís; bharradh siad / mbarraidís‡‡; mbarradh siad‡‡	a bharradh / a mbarradh*	bharrtaí / mbarrta퇇
future		barrfaidh mé; barrfad	barrfaidh tú; barrfair†	barrfaidh sé, sí	barrfaimid; barrfaidh muid	barrfaidh sibh	barrfaidh siad; barrfaid†	a bharrfaidh; a bharrfas / a mbarrfaidh*	barrfar
conditional		bharrfainn / mbarrfainn‡‡	bharrfá / mbarrfᇇ	bharrfadh sé, sí / mbarrfadh sé, s퇇	bharrfaimis; bharrfadh muid / mbarrfaimis‡‡; mbarrfadh muid‡‡	bharrfadh sibh / mbarrfadh sibh‡‡	bharrfaidís; bharrfadh siad / mbarrfaidís‡‡; mbarrfadh siad‡‡	a bharrfadh / a mbarrfadh*	bharrfaí / mbarrfa퇇
subjunctive	present	go mbarra mé; go mbarrad†	go mbarra tú; go mbarrair†	go mbarra sé, sí	go mbarraimid; go mbarra muid	go mbarra sibh	go mbarra siad; go mbarraid†	—	go mbarrtar
	past	dá mbarrainn	dá mbarrtá	dá mbarradh sé, sí	dá mbarraimis; dá mbarradh muid	dá mbarradh sibh	dá mbarraidís; dá mbarradh siad	—	dá mbarrtaí
imperative		barraim	barr	barradh sé, sí	barraimis	barraigí; barraidh†	barraidís	—	barrtar
verbal noun		barradh
past participle		barrtha

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Etymology 2

From Old French barre, barrer. Compare English bar.

Noun

barr m (genitive singular bairr)

1. bar, hindrance

Declension

Declension of barr (first declension, no plural)

bare forms case singular nominative barr vocative a bhairr genitive bairr dative barr forms with the definite article case singular nominative an barr genitive an bhairr dative leis an mbarr don bharr

Verb

barr (present analytic barrann, future analytic barrfaidh, verbal noun barradh, past participle barrtha)

1. (transitive) bar, hinder

Conjugation

conjugation of barr (first conjugation – A)

		singular			plural			relative	autonomous
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative	present	barraim	barrann tú; barrair†	barrann sé, sí	barraimid	barrann sibh	barrann siad; barraid†	a bharrann; a bharras / a mbarrann*	barrtar
	past	bharr mé; bharras	bharr tú; bharrais	bharr sé, sí	bharramar; bharr muid	bharr sibh; bharrabhair	bharr siad; bharradar	a bharr / ar bharr*	barradh
	past habitual	bharrainn / mbarrainn‡‡	bharrtá / mbarrtᇇ	bharradh sé, sí / mbarradh sé, s퇇	bharraimis; bharradh muid / mbarraimis‡‡; mbarradh muid‡‡	bharradh sibh / mbarradh sibh‡‡	bharraidís; bharradh siad / mbarraidís‡‡; mbarradh siad‡‡	a bharradh / a mbarradh*	bharrtaí / mbarrta퇇
future		barrfaidh mé; barrfad	barrfaidh tú; barrfair†	barrfaidh sé, sí	barrfaimid; barrfaidh muid	barrfaidh sibh	barrfaidh siad; barrfaid†	a bharrfaidh; a bharrfas / a mbarrfaidh*	barrfar
conditional		bharrfainn / mbarrfainn‡‡	bharrfá / mbarrfᇇ	bharrfadh sé, sí / mbarrfadh sé, s퇇	bharrfaimis; bharrfadh muid / mbarrfaimis‡‡; mbarrfadh muid‡‡	bharrfadh sibh / mbarrfadh sibh‡‡	bharrfaidís; bharrfadh siad / mbarrfaidís‡‡; mbarrfadh siad‡‡	a bharrfadh / a mbarrfadh*	bharrfaí / mbarrfa퇇
subjunctive	present	go mbarra mé; go mbarrad†	go mbarra tú; go mbarrair†	go mbarra sé, sí	go mbarraimid; go mbarra muid	go mbarra sibh	go mbarra siad; go mbarraid†	—	go mbarrtar
	past	dá mbarrainn	dá mbarrtá	dá mbarradh sé, sí	dá mbarraimis; dá mbarradh muid	dá mbarradh sibh	dá mbarraidís; dá mbarradh siad	—	dá mbarrtaí
imperative		barraim	barr	barradh sé, sí	barraimis	barraigí; barraidh†	barraidís	—	barrtar
verbal noun		barradh
past participle		barrtha

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation

Mutated forms of barr

radical	lenition	eclipsis
barr	bharr	mbarr

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “barr”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “barr”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “barr”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024

Maltese

Root
b-r-r
3 terms

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /barr/

Etymology 1

From Arabic بَرّ (barr).

Noun

barr m

1. wilderness

Etymology 2

Onomatopoeic.

Verb

barr (imperfect jborr)

1. to coo (make a coo sound)

Conjugation

Conjugation of barr
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
perfect	m	barrejt	barrejt	barr		barrejna	barrejtu	barrew
	f			barret
imperfect	m	nborr	tborr	jborr		nborru	tborru	jborru
	f			tborr
imperative			borr				borru

Middle Welsh

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *barros (compare Irish barr), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰers-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bar/

Noun

barr m (plural barriau)

1. top
2. summit, crest

Descendants

• Welsh: bar

Mutation

Mutated forms of barr

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
barr	uarr / varr	marr	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Middle Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *baraz.

Noun

barr n

1. acicular leaves, needles (of the fir or pine)
2. barley

Derived terms

• barraxlaðr (“high-shouldered, with sharp, prominent shoulderbones”)
• barrviðr (“pine-forest; the wood of the fir”)

 

Descendants

• Icelandic: barr
• Faroese: barr
• Norwegian Nynorsk: bar
• Old Swedish: bar
  • Swedish: barr

References

• “barr”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• Entry "barr" on page 43 in: Geir T. Zoëga "A Concise Dictionary of Old Islandic", Oxford at the Claredon Press (1910).

Romani

Alternative forms

• bar
• bař (Pan-Vlax)

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit *वर्त (varta, “round stone”).

Noun

barr m (nominative plural barra)

1. (International Standard) stone, rock

Derived terms

• barrorro
• barrutno

 

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse barr.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: barr

Noun

barr n

1. needle; leaf of a coniferous tree
2. (dated, slang, uncountable) hair

Declension

Declension of barr

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	barr	barrs
	definite	barret	barrets
plural	indefinite	barr	barrs
	definite	barren	barrens

Hyponyms

• granbarr, tallbarr

Related terms

• barra

See also

• burr

Further reading

• barr on the Swedish Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^sv

Noun

barr c

1. (gymnastics) parallel bars

Declension

Declension of barr

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	barr	barrs
	definite	barren	barrens
plural	indefinite	barrar	barrars
	definite	barrarna	barrarnas

References

• barr in Svensk ordbok.