Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/atberaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

PIE word
*h₂éd

From *at +‎ *beraną.

The formation may be older, as identical constructions are found in other Indo-European languages: compare Proto-Italic *adferō (whence Latin adferō, later afferō), Proto-Celtic *adbereti, Phrygian αββερετ (abberet), Proto-Iranian *ābarati (whence e.g. Younger Avestan 𐬁𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (ābaraⁱti)), Sanskrit आभरति (ābharati).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˌɑt.ˈbe.rɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*atberaną

1. to bear to, bring forward

Inflection

Conjugation of *atberaną (strong class 4)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*atberō	*atberaų	—	*atberai	?
2nd singular	*atbirizi	*atberaiz	*atber	*atberazai	*atberaizau
3rd singular	*atbiridi	*atberai	*atberadau	*atberadai	*atberaidau
1st dual	*atberōz	*atberaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*atberadiz	*atberaidiz	*atberadiz	—	—
1st plural	*atberamaz	*atberaim	—	*atberandai	*atberaindau
2nd plural	*atbirid	*atberaid	*atbirid	*atberandai	*atberaindau
3rd plural	*atberandi	*atberain	*atberandau	*atberandai	*atberaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*atbar	*atbērį̄
2nd singular	*atbart	*atbērīz
3rd singular	*atbar	*atbērī
1st dual	*atbērū	*atbērīw
2nd dual	*atbērudiz	*atbērīdiz
1st plural	*atbērum	*atbērīm
2nd plural	*atbērud	*atbērīd
3rd plural	*atbērun	*atbērīn
	present	past
participles	*atberandz	*atburanaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *atberan
  • Old English: ætberan
    • Middle English: atberen
• Old Swedish: atbæra
• Gothic: 𐌰𐍄𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (atbairan)