Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/nébʰos

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *nebʰ- (“to become damp, cloudy”) +‎ *-os.

In a number of derived words the meaning shifts to "sky" or "heaven".

Noun

*nébʰos n (oblique stem *nébʰes-)

cloud
mist, moisture

Inflection

Athematic, acrostatic
	singular
nominative	*nébʰos
genitive	*nébʰesos
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*nébʰos	*nébʰesih₁	*nébʰōs
vocative	*nébʰos	*nébʰesih₁	*nébʰōs
accusative	*nébʰos	*nébʰesih₁	*nébʰōs
genitive	*nébʰesos	*?	*nébʰesoHom
ablative	*nébʰesos	*?	nébʰesmos, nébʰesbʰos
dative	*nébʰesey	*?	nébʰesmos, nébʰesbʰos
locative	nébʰes, nébʰesi	*?	*nébʰesu
instrumental	*nébʰesh₁	*?	nébʰesmis, nébʰesbʰis

Derived terms

*nebʰ-el-
- Proto-Albanian: *abula (from *n̥bʰel-)
  - Albanian: avull
- Proto-Germanic: *nibilaz, *nebulaz (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *nepʰélā
  - Ancient Greek: νεφέλη (nephélē)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *nabʰar-
  - Nuristani:
    - Ashkun: [script needed] (nalī́) (from *nabʰalikā-)
    - Kamviri: [script needed] (niru)
- Proto-Italic: *neβelā
  - Latin: nebula

Related terms

*n̥bʰrós

Descendants

Proto-Anatolian: *nébos
- Hittite: 𒉈𒂊𒁉𒅖 (ne-e-pí-iš)
- Lycian: 𐊗𐊀𐊂𐊀𐊛𐊀𐊈𐊀 (tabahaza)
- Luwian: 𒋫𒀊𒉺𒀸𒊭 (tappassa)
Armenian: > *m̥bʰos
- Old Armenian: ամպ (amp), ամբ (amb)
  - Armenian: ամպ (amp)
Proto-Balto-Slavic: *néba
- Proto-Slavic: *nȅbo (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Celtic: *nemos
- Proto-Brythonic: *neβ̃
  - Breton: neñv
  - Cornish: nev
  - Welsh: nef
- Old Irish: nem
  - Irish: neamh
  - Scottish Gaelic: nèamh
  - Manx: niau
Proto-Hellenic: *népʰos
- Ancient Greek: νέφος (néphos)
  - Greek: νέφος (néfos)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *nábʰas
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *nábʰas
  - Sanskrit: नभस् (nábhas)
- Proto-Iranian: *nábah
  - Avestan: 𐬥𐬀𐬠𐬀𐬵 (nabah)
  - Northern Kurdish: nem (“moisture”)
    - Persian: نم (nam, “moisture”)
      - → Armenian: նամ (nam)

References