Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰed-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

• *bʰad-, *bʰād-
• *bʰeHd-

Root

*bʰed-

1. to improve, make better

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰed- (3 c, 0 e)

• *bʰód-e-ti (o-grade intensive)
  • Proto-Germanic: *bataną
    • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *bataz (“good”, past participle) (see there for further descendants)
      • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *batizô (“better”) (see there for further descendants)
      • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *batnaną (“to get better”) (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *batô (“improvement, advantage”) (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *bōtō (“improvement”) (see there for further descendants)
      • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *bōtijaną (“to improve”)(see there for further descendants)
• *bʰed-ró-s
  • Proto-Albanian:
    • Albanian: betë (“great”)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰadrás
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰadrás
      • Sanskrit: भद्र (bhadrá), भल्ल (bhalla)
    • Proto-Iranian: *badráh
      • ⇒ Avestan: 𐬵𐬎𐬠𐬀𐬜𐬭𐬀 (hubaδra, “fortunate”)
• *bʰód-i-s
  • Proto-Germanic: *batiz (“better”) (see there for further descendants)
• *bʰod-ó-s
  • Proto-Celtic: *bodos (“pleasure, satisfaction, good will”) (or *budā < *bʰudʰ-éh₂ < *bʰewdʰ- (“to be awake”))
    • Proto-Brythonic: *boð
      • Old Breton: bodlon
      • Cornish: both
      • Middle Welsh: boð
        • Welsh: bodd
    • ⇒ Proto-Celtic: *bodyā (or *budyā)
      • Old Irish: buide