भल्ल
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- ভল্ল (Assamese script)
- ᬪᬮ᭄ᬮ (Balinese script)
- ভল্ল (Bengali script)
- 𑰥𑰩𑰿𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀪𑀮𑁆𑀮 (Brahmi script)
- ဘလ္လ (Burmese script)
- ભલ્લ (Gujarati script)
- ਭਲ੍ਲ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌭𑌲𑍍𑌲 (Grantha script)
- ꦨꦭ꧀ꦭ (Javanese script)
- 𑂦𑂪𑂹𑂪 (Kaithi script)
- ಭಲ್ಲ (Kannada script)
- ភល្ល (Khmer script)
- ຠລ຺ລ (Lao script)
- ഭല്ല (Malayalam script)
- ᢨᠠᠯᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘥𑘩𑘿𑘩 (Modi script)
- ᠪᠾᠠᠯᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧅𑧉𑧠𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐨𑐮𑑂𑐮 (Newa script)
- ଭଲ୍ଲ (Odia script)
- ꢩꢭ꣄ꢭ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆨𑆬𑇀𑆬 (Sharada script)
- 𑖥𑖩𑖿𑖩 (Siddham script)
- භල්ල (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩳𑩽 𑪙𑩽 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚡𑚥𑚶𑚥 (Takri script)
- ப⁴ல்ல (Tamil script)
- భల్ల (Telugu script)
- ภลฺล (Thai script)
- བྷ་ལླ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒦𑒪𑓂𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨡𑨬𑩇𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)
Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]The origin is uncertain.
Chatterji considers the word as borrowed from Dravidian; compare Tamil வேல் (vēl, “spear, lance”).[1] Alternatively, Burrow and Turner derive the word from an unattested *भत्ल (bhatla), and connect it to Latin battuo (“to hit; to fight”).[2][3]
Noun
[edit]भल्ल • (bhalla) stem, m
Declension
[edit]| Masculine a-stem declension of भल्ल (bhalla) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | भल्लः bhallaḥ |
भल्लौ / भल्ला¹ bhallau / bhallā¹ |
भल्लाः / भल्लासः¹ bhallāḥ / bhallāsaḥ¹ |
| Vocative | भल्ल bhalla |
भल्लौ / भल्ला¹ bhallau / bhallā¹ |
भल्लाः / भल्लासः¹ bhallāḥ / bhallāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | भल्लम् bhallam |
भल्लौ / भल्ला¹ bhallau / bhallā¹ |
भल्लान् bhallān |
| Instrumental | भल्लेन bhallena |
भल्लाभ्याम् bhallābhyām |
भल्लैः / भल्लेभिः¹ bhallaiḥ / bhallebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | भल्लाय bhallāya |
भल्लाभ्याम् bhallābhyām |
भल्लेभ्यः bhallebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | भल्लात् bhallāt |
भल्लाभ्याम् bhallābhyām |
भल्लेभ्यः bhallebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | भल्लस्य bhallasya |
भल्लयोः bhallayoḥ |
भल्लानाम् bhallānām |
| Locative | भल्ले bhalle |
भल्लयोः bhallayoḥ |
भल्लेषु bhalleṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Noun
[edit]भल्ल • (bhalla) stem, n
- an arrowhead of a particular shape
Declension
[edit]| Neuter a-stem declension of भल्ल (bhalla) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | भल्लम् bhallam |
भल्ले bhalle |
भल्लानि / भल्ला¹ bhallāni / bhallā¹ |
| Vocative | भल्ल bhalla |
भल्ले bhalle |
भल्लानि / भल्ला¹ bhallāni / bhallā¹ |
| Accusative | भल्लम् bhallam |
भल्ले bhalle |
भल्लानि / भल्ला¹ bhallāni / bhallā¹ |
| Instrumental | भल्लेन bhallena |
भल्लाभ्याम् bhallābhyām |
भल्लैः / भल्लेभिः¹ bhallaiḥ / bhallebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | भल्लाय bhallāya |
भल्लाभ्याम् bhallābhyām |
भल्लेभ्यः bhallebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | भल्लात् bhallāt |
भल्लाभ्याम् bhallābhyām |
भल्लेभ्यः bhallebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | भल्लस्य bhallasya |
भल्लयोः bhallayoḥ |
भल्लानाम् bhallānām |
| Locative | भल्ले bhalle |
भल्लयोः bhallayoḥ |
भल्लेषु bhalleṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
References
[edit]- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1963) “bhallaḥ¹”, in Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 483
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) “bhalla-¹”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][2] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 365
- ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “bhalla”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Further reading
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899) “भल्ल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 748/3.
Etymology 2
[edit]From an earlier *bhadlá, from an even earlier भद्र (bhadrá, “favourable, auspicious”), whence also भल्लाक्ष (bhallākṣa, “a term used in addressing a flamingo”).[1][2][3]
Adjective
[edit]भल्ल • (bhalla) stem
Declension
[edit]| Masculine a-stem declension of भल्ल (bhalla) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | भल्लः bhallaḥ |
भल्लौ / भल्ला¹ bhallau / bhallā¹ |
भल्लाः / भल्लासः¹ bhallāḥ / bhallāsaḥ¹ |
| Vocative | भल्ल bhalla |
भल्लौ / भल्ला¹ bhallau / bhallā¹ |
भल्लाः / भल्लासः¹ bhallāḥ / bhallāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | भल्लम् bhallam |
भल्लौ / भल्ला¹ bhallau / bhallā¹ |
भल्लान् bhallān |
| Instrumental | भल्लेन bhallena |
भल्लाभ्याम् bhallābhyām |
भल्लैः / भल्लेभिः¹ bhallaiḥ / bhallebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | भल्लाय bhallāya |
भल्लाभ्याम् bhallābhyām |
भल्लेभ्यः bhallebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | भल्लात् bhallāt |
भल्लाभ्याम् bhallābhyām |
भल्लेभ्यः bhallebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | भल्लस्य bhallasya |
भल्लयोः bhallayoḥ |
भल्लानाम् bhallānām |
| Locative | भल्ले bhalle |
भल्लयोः bhallayoḥ |
भल्लेषु bhalleṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
| Feminine ā-stem declension of भल्ला (bhallā) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | भल्ला bhallā |
भल्ले bhalle |
भल्लाः bhallāḥ |
| Vocative | भल्ले bhalle |
भल्ले bhalle |
भल्लाः bhallāḥ |
| Accusative | भल्लाम् bhallām |
भल्ले bhalle |
भल्लाः bhallāḥ |
| Instrumental | भल्लया / भल्ला¹ bhallayā / bhallā¹ |
भल्लाभ्याम् bhallābhyām |
भल्लाभिः bhallābhiḥ |
| Dative | भल्लायै bhallāyai |
भल्लाभ्याम् bhallābhyām |
भल्लाभ्यः bhallābhyaḥ |
| Ablative | भल्लायाः / भल्लायै² bhallāyāḥ / bhallāyai² |
भल्लाभ्याम् bhallābhyām |
भल्लाभ्यः bhallābhyaḥ |
| Genitive | भल्लायाः / भल्लायै² bhallāyāḥ / bhallāyai² |
भल्लयोः bhallayoḥ |
भल्लानाम् bhallānām |
| Locative | भल्लायाम् bhallāyām |
भल्लयोः bhallayoḥ |
भल्लासु bhallāsu |
| Notes |
| ||
| Neuter a-stem declension of भल्ल (bhalla) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | भल्लम् bhallam |
भल्ले bhalle |
भल्लानि / भल्ला¹ bhallāni / bhallā¹ |
| Vocative | भल्ल bhalla |
भल्ले bhalle |
भल्लानि / भल्ला¹ bhallāni / bhallā¹ |
| Accusative | भल्लम् bhallam |
भल्ले bhalle |
भल्लानि / भल्ला¹ bhallāni / bhallā¹ |
| Instrumental | भल्लेन bhallena |
भल्लाभ्याम् bhallābhyām |
भल्लैः / भल्लेभिः¹ bhallaiḥ / bhallebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | भल्लाय bhallāya |
भल्लाभ्याम् bhallābhyām |
भल्लेभ्यः bhallebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | भल्लात् bhallāt |
भल्लाभ्याम् bhallābhyām |
भल्लेभ्यः bhallebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | भल्लस्य bhallasya |
भल्लयोः bhallayoḥ |
भल्लानाम् bhallānām |
| Locative | भल्ले bhalle |
भल्लयोः bhallayoḥ |
भल्लेषु bhalleṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Descendants
[edit]- Prakrit: 𑀪𑀮𑁆𑀮 (bhalla)
References
[edit]- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) “bhalla-²”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][3] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 365
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “bhalla-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][4] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 254
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “bhallākṣa-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][5] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 254
Further reading
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899) “भल्ल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 748/3.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “bhalla”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Etymology 3
[edit]The origin is uncertain.
Perhaps from the same origin as the "auspicious" sense of Etymology 2; flattering euphemisms for bears were common in ancient India.[1]
Alternatively, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“brown, bear”), itself a possibly-euphemistic replacement for Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos (“bear”), with irregular phonetic modification by taboo. Mayrhofer appears to tentatively favor this latter derivation, though is also open to the former "auspicious" derivation;[2][3] perhaps both paths contributed to the development of the word.
Noun
[edit]भल्ल • (bhalla) stem, m
- a bear
Declension
[edit]| Masculine a-stem declension of भल्ल (bhalla) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | भल्लः bhallaḥ |
भल्लौ / भल्ला¹ bhallau / bhallā¹ |
भल्लाः / भल्लासः¹ bhallāḥ / bhallāsaḥ¹ |
| Vocative | भल्ल bhalla |
भल्लौ / भल्ला¹ bhallau / bhallā¹ |
भल्लाः / भल्लासः¹ bhallāḥ / bhallāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | भल्लम् bhallam |
भल्लौ / भल्ला¹ bhallau / bhallā¹ |
भल्लान् bhallān |
| Instrumental | भल्लेन bhallena |
भल्लाभ्याम् bhallābhyām |
भल्लैः / भल्लेभिः¹ bhallaiḥ / bhallebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | भल्लाय bhallāya |
भल्लाभ्याम् bhallābhyām |
भल्लेभ्यः bhallebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | भल्लात् bhallāt |
भल्लाभ्याम् bhallābhyām |
भल्लेभ्यः bhallebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | भल्लस्य bhallasya |
भल्लयोः bhallayoḥ |
भल्लानाम् bhallānām |
| Locative | भल्ले bhalle |
भल्लयोः bhallayoḥ |
भल्लेषु bhalleṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1963) “bhallū́kaḥ”, in Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary][6] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 485
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) “bhalla-³”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][7] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 366
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) “bhallūka-¹”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][8] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 366
Further reading
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899) “भल्ल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 748/3.
- Chatterji, Suniti Kumar (1954) Bhartiya Aryabhasha Aur Hindi, Rajkamal Prakashan, page 73
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “bhalla”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Etymology 4
[edit]Related to मल्ल (malla, “wrestler, boxer by profession”).[1]
Proper noun
[edit]भल्ल • (bhalla) m
References
[edit]- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) “bhalla-⁴”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][9] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 366
Further reading
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899) “भल्ल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 748/3.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “bhalla”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
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