Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bōtō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰoHd-eh₂-, from *bʰed-, *bʰeHd- (“to improve”). Synchronically analyzed as an ō-stem nominal formation from the root *bat underlying *batiz (“better”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbɔː.tɔː/

Noun

*bōtō f

1. improvement, betterment
2. recompense, atonement

Inflection

ō-stemDeclension of *bōtō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*bōtō	*bōtôz
vocative	*bōtō	*bōtôz
accusative	*bōtǭ	*bōtōz
genitive	*bōtōz	*bōtǫ̂
dative	*bōtōi	*bōtōmaz
instrumental	*bōtō	*bōtōmiz

Derived terms

• *bōtalausaz
• *bōtijaną

Related terms

• *bataną
• *bataz
• *batiz
• *batnaną
• *batô
• *batōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *bōtu
  • Old English: bōt
    • Middle English: bot, bote, boote
      • English: boot
      • → English: bote
      • Scots: bute, buit
  • Old Frisian: bōte
    • Saterland Frisian: Boate
    • West Frisian: boete
  • Old Saxon: bōta
    • Middle Low German: bote, bôte, bute
      • Low German: Bote
  • Old Dutch: *buota
    • Middle Dutch: boete
      • Dutch: boete
        • Afrikaans: boete
  • Old High German: buoza, buoz
    • Middle High German: buoze
      • German: Buße
      • Luxembourgish: Bouss
• Old Norse: bót
  • Icelandic: bót
  • Faroese: bót
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: bot
  • Old Swedish: bōt
    • Swedish: bot
  • Danish: bod
    • Norwegian Bokmål: bot
• Gothic: 𐌱𐍉𐍄𐌰 (bōta)