Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/denḱ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*denḱ-^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

to bite

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *denḱ- (15 c, 0 e)

*dénḱ-t ~ *dn̥ḱ-ént (athematic root aorist)^[1]
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: δᾰκεῖν (dăkeîn, inf.aor. of δάκνω (dáknō))
    - ⇒ Ancient Greek: δάκος n (dákos, “bite, sting, biting animal”)^[4]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: दशति (dáśati) (present verb from weak stem and with shift of accent)
*denḱ-e-ti (thematic root present)^[5]
- Proto-Germanic: *tinhaną (“to press upon”), *tinganą (see there for further descendants)
*dn̥ḱ-néw-ti ~ * *dn̥ḱ-nw-énti (nu-present)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: δάκνω (dáknō, “to bite”)
    - Ancient Greek: δαγκάνω (dankánō)
*donḱ-éye-ti (causative)
- Proto-Germanic: *tangijaną (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *danćáyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *danśáyati
    - Sanskrit: दंशयति (daṃśayati, “to make bite”)
*dénḱ-s (root noun)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: δήξ (dḗx, “wood worm”)
*donḱ-éh₂
- Proto-Germanic: *tangō (“tongs”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Albanian: *daknā
  - Albanian: darë (“tongs”), dang (“bite”)
*dn̥ḱ-o-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *daćas
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *daśas
    - Sanskrit: दश (daśa, “horsefly”)
*donḱ-o-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *danćas
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *danśas
    - Sanskrit: दंश (daṃśa, literally “stinging insect”)
*dn̥ḱ-tó-s (verbal adjective)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: -δηκτός (-dēktós, “bitten”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *daćtás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *daśtás
    - Sanskrit: दष्ट (daṣṭá, “bitten”)
*dénḱ-mn̥
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: δῆγμα (dêgma, “bite, sting”)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dánśma
  - Sanskrit: दंश्मन् (daṃśman, “bite”)
*dénḱ-ti-s ~ *dn̥ḱ-téy-s
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: δῆξις (dêxis, “bite, sting”)
*dénḱ-tro-m
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dánćtram
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dánśtram
    - Sanskrit: दंष्ट्र (daṃṣṭra, “fang”)
  - Proto-Iranian: *dánctram
    - ⇒ Avestan: 𐬙𐬌𐬲𐬌𐬛𐬄𐬯𐬙𐬭𐬀 (tiži-dąstra-, “with a sharp set of teeth”)
*dónḱ-u-s
- Proto-Germanic: *tanhuz (“tough”) (see there for further descendants)
*dn̥ḱ-mós
- Ancient Greek: δαγμός (dagmós, “bite, sting”)
*dn̥ḱ-e-tóm
- Ancient Greek: δακετόν (daketón, “bite, biting animal”)

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
  - Sanskrit: दंश् (daṃś)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 117-18
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “δάκνω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 299
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 688
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 82-83
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*tingan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 518

[LIV-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 117-18

[2] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “δάκνω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 299

[3] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 688

[NIL-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 82-83

[5] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*tingan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 518

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