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Appendix:Proto-Hlai reconstructions

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

The following list of Proto-Hlai reconstructions are from Peter Norquest (2015) and Weera Ostapirat (2004).

Norquest (2015)

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The following list of Proto-Hlai reconstructions is from Peter Norquest (2015).

Jiamao forms have also been included for comparison. Jiamao forms that have no cognates with Proto-Hlai or lower-level Hlai subgroup reconstructions are given in square brackets. Additional Jiamao forms from Norquest (2015) are listed in Appendix:Jiamao vocabulary lists.

Lower-level reconstructions

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Norquest's (2015) Hlai subgroup reconstructions are:

  • GHl = Greater Hlai (all Hlai languages except for Bouhin)
  • CHl = Central Hlai (all Hlai languages except for Ha Em and Bouhin)
    • ECHl = East Central Hlai (Lauhut, Qi)
      • Qi
    • NCHl = North Central Hlai (Cun, Nadou, Meifu, Run)
      • NWCHl = Northwest Central Hlai (Cun, Nadou)
      • NECHl = Northeast Central Hlai (Meifu, Run)
        • Meifu
        • Run

For Norquest's Hlai internal classification, see Hlai languages.

List

[edit]
No. Chinese gloss English gloss Proto-Hlai Pre-Hlai Hlai subgroup reconstructions Jiamao (for comparison)
1 short *tʰɯːʔ *tɯːʔ tʰaː¹
2 love GHl *ʔəːp [taːk⁹tsiː¹]
3 安裝 set up *C-ŋəp *C-ŋəp [kaːp⁷]
4 press *C-məc *C-məc
5 press Qi *kom kəm⁵
6 press Run *[ʈʂ/tç]həmɦ
7 decoct *C-ŋaːwɦ *C-ŋaːwɦ kəm⁵
8 eight *hruː *ruː kuː¹
9 dig up *Cuɦɯːnɦ *Cuɣɯːnɦ
10 dig up GHl *sʰinʔ
11 dig up *ɦɯːt *C-ɣɯːt kɯat⁷
12 dig up NECHl *kʰɯːt
13 芭蕉 banana *hwaːk *waːk vɯa⁵
14 () pull up (grass) *ʔɯt *ʔɯt [kɔŋ⁵]
15 () pull out (nail) *kʰəc *[k/x]əc [mak⁷]
16 () pull up (earth) *kɯːm *Cəʔgɯːm [mak⁷]
17 () pull up (earth) NCHl *kʰop
18 () knife clf. *pʰiːnɦ *piːnɦ [tet⁷]
19 () knife clf. NCHl *hw[a]ːŋʔ
20 tool clf. *C-lɯːŋʔ *C-lɯːŋʔ [tet⁷]
21 tool clf. Run *ʔw[a]ːk
22 rake *hrjik *Cirik [pʰəː¹]
23 rake Run *ɾ[a]ːŋ
24 white *kʰaːw *[k/x]aːw kʰow¹
25 白麻 white hemp (Apocynum pictum) *kʰaːn *[k/x]aːn [ven⁴]
26 白藤 white rattan (Calamus tetradactylus) *kəc *Cəʔgəc [lej¹]
27 白天 daytime *hmiːʔ *miːʔ [kɯ²]
28 白天 daytime *hŋwən *ŋwən [ɗuən⁵]
29 白頭髮 white hair *hŋuːk *ŋuːk kua²
30 白蟻 termite *m-luːk *m-luːk lua⁵
31 hundred *Cuhraːn *Curaːn kɯːn¹
32 worship *pʰuc *puc pʰut⁷
33 擺手 wave (hand) *ʔu[ː]j *ʔu[ː]j
34 擺手 wave (hand) CHl *hwin [fit⁷]
35 斑鳩 dove *kʰuː *[k/x]uː [tsaw⁴]
36 move (object) *[ɾ/hr]j[e]ːŋʔ *Ci[d/r][ɛ]ːŋʔ
37 move (object) Run *hj[e]ːŋʔ
38 搬運 transport *hŋwəːjʔ *ŋwəːjʔ
39 half (of object) GHl *tʰəːn
40 half (of number) CHl *tʰom
41 half (of number) CHl *fʰin
42 half (of number) Run *fʰunɦ
43 tie GHl *fʰəːt [kʰɔːp⁹]
44 tie GHl *sʰən
45 tie NWCHl *C-ŋəːnʔ
46 mussel *tçʰiː *[c/ç]iː tsʰaj¹
47 mussel GHl *[ʈʂ/tç]həːŋʔ [kʰɔːp⁷]
48 mussel Run *hwaːʔ
49 wrap *tʰuːk *tuːk tʰuːʔ⁹
50 skin (a cow) *ɗaːŋʔ *Cəʔdaːŋʔ tʰak⁷
51 skin (a cow) Qi *tʰək
52 peel (bark) *sʰiːnɦ *siːnɦ [ɲiːt⁹]
53 peel (bark) CHl *ɗiːnʔ
54 thin *hrɯː *rɯː kaj¹
55 sated *kʰɯːm *[k/x]ɯːm kʰɔm¹
56 / carry GHl *ʔop ʔup⁷
57 carry (a child) *ʔuːnʔ *ʔuːnʔ ʔun⁵
58 carry (firewood) *ʔomʔ *ʔomʔ
59 leopard *Cuɦuːjʔ *Cuɣuːjʔ
60 暴露 expose *Cuɦaːwɦ *Cuɣaːwɦ [ʔjeːŋ⁵]
61 暴露 expose *tʰɯːn *tɯːn
62 carry (on back) GHl *fʰiːŋ feːŋ⁵
63 north *pʰəjʔ *pəjʔ
64 north Run *fʰ[a]ːŋ
65 north ECHl *hnɯː
66 north NWCHl *hjəːk
67 背脊 back (of body) *tçʰuɲʔ *[c/ç]uɲʔ [tuːt⁹]
68 背着手 put hands behind back CHl *m-leː [teːk⁸tɯːn¹]
69 get *ɗɯː *Cəʔdɯː [mɯən¹]
70 get CHl *hnɯːŋɦ
71 被子 blanket GHl *fʰiːʔ paj¹
72 蓓蕾 bud *ʈʂh[e]ːŋ *ʈ[ɛ]ːŋ [ŋɔː¹]
73 蓓蕾 bud CHl *Cuhrəwʔ
74 蓓蕾 bud *Cuʔop *Cuʔop [ʔow¹]
75 蓓蕾 bud CHl *C-ŋən
76 蓓蕾 bud Run *tʰuːk
77 錛子 adze *pʰuːn *puːn
78 stupid GHl *hməːj
79 鼻涕 mucus *C-nəmʔ *C-nəmʔ naːm¹
80 鼻涕 mucus *kʰət *[k/x]ət hɔːt⁹
81 鼻簫 nose flute Qi *hljuːnɦ tsuən²
82 鼻子 nose *kʰət *[k/x]ət hɔːt⁹
83 秕子 blighted grain *hliːp *liːp [vuː⁴vit⁸]
84 close (eyes) *hɲəːp *ɲəːp [ɗap⁷]
85 壁虎 gecko *hmiːʔ *miːʔ
86 壁虎 gecko *[ɾ/hr]jiːnʔ *Ci[d/r]iːnʔ [tek⁷]
87 壁虎 gecko NECHl *ʔwaːw
88 side GHl *fʰ[a]ːŋ [pʰaːj⁵]
89 邊緣 edge *C-ŋəːjɦ *C-ŋəːjɦ
90 邊緣 edge *kiːŋ *Cəʔgiːŋ [tiəŋ⁵]
91 邊緣 edge CHl *hŋaːw
92 braid *pʰən *pən
93 braid *ɦəc *C-ɣəc
94 braid (large) *m-liː *m-liː [taː¹]
95 蝙蝠 bat *ɓənʔ *Cəʔbənʔ
96 蝙蝠 bat *Cuhrɯːk *Curɯːk [tʰiək⁷]
97 鞭打 to lash (a child) *fʰiːt *fiːt [təp⁸]
98 鞭打 to lash *fʰaːnʔ *faːnʔ
99 鞭子 whip *tçuːjʔ *Cəʔɟuːjʔ
100 鞭子 whip NCHl *ɗuj
101 flat *ɓeːnɦ [*Cəʔbɛːnɦ]
102 扁擔 shoulder pole GHl *ʈʂhəj
103 扁擔 shoulder pole GHl *fʰiːk pia⁵
104 change *hljɯːɦ *Cilɯːɦ
105 soft-shelled turtle *tʰɯːp *tɯːp ɗuəp⁹
106 don't *ʔiwʔ *ʔiwʔ ʔjow⁵
107 別人 others *ʔa[ː]w *ʔa[ː]w [ɬaj⁴]
108 shriveled *ɓeːp [*Cəʔbɛːp] peːp⁹
109 冰雹 hail CHl *sʰinɦ [tsʰaː⁵]
110 槟榔 betelnut GHl *C-ləːŋʔ luəŋ¹
111 a handle *Cuɦəwɦ *Cuɣəwɦ
112 handle clf. GHl *fʰiːnʔ [ɓuən¹]
113 pastry *ʔaːnɦ *ʔaːnɦ
114 sick *tçʰok *[ʈ/c]ok taːk⁹
115 菠蘿 pineapple *ɾaːʔ *C-[d/ɖ]aːʔ [tsaː⁵]
116 菠蘿 pineapple *C-mun *C-mun
117 菠蘿 pineapple CHl *m-luːnɦ
118 撥開 pull open *m-laːɦ *m-laːɦ [fəːj¹]
119 撥開 pull open NWCHl *ɗ[a]ːŋʔ
120 播種 sow (seed) *C-muːnʔ *C-muːnʔ muːn¹
121 伯父 uncle *tçʰiːʔ *[c/ç]iːʔ tsʰaːj¹
122 伯母 aunt *hŋiːn *ŋiːn ŋiən²
123 脖子 neck *hljoŋʔ *Ciloŋʔ tsaŋ²
124 crippled *Ciɣ[ɛ]ːŋɦ *Ciɦ[e]ːŋɦ heːŋ²
125 winnow GHl *fʰənɦ [vat⁷]
126 winnow Run *hwit
127 簸箕 winnowing basket GHl *ɗoŋʔ tuəŋ¹
128 mend (clothes) GHl *fʰəːn [ɓɔːm⁵]
129 補苗 fill gaps with seedlings *ɗəp *Cəʔdəp ɗep⁷
130 捕捉 catch *ɾəːm *C-[d/ɖ]əːm [tuj⁴]
131 捕鼠器 mousetrap *Ciɦəːp *Ciɣəːp [kʰiap⁹]
132 not *ʔeːmɦ *ʔɛːmɦ [ŋɔː¹]
133 not CHl *Cuʔəɲʔ
134 not Qi *wiː [ɓɛː⁵]
135 不懂 not understand *hlɯmʔ *lɯmʔ tʰum⁴
136 不懂 not understand *hrɯːʔ *rɯːʔ [taj²]
137 不懂 not understand GHl *hmɯːʔ
138 不肯 not willing *ʔəjʔ *ʔəjʔ ʔaj¹
139 不能 not able *kaːɦ *Cəʔgaːɦ [ŋɔː¹leŋ⁷mɯː⁴]
140 不能 not able NWCHl *ʔwəɲʔ
141 不是 not be GHl *Cuhriːɦ vaj¹
142 不要 don’t *ʔiwʔ *ʔiwʔ ʔjow⁵
143 不愉快 unhappy GHl *ɾjaːk [ŋɔː¹]
144 不愉快 unhappy NWCHl *ʔwəɲʔ
145 不愉快 unhappy GHl *fʰət [vi⁴]
146 不愉快 unhappy NWCHl *C-ləːmɦ
147 不知道 not know *hlɯmʔ *lɯmʔ tʰum⁴
148 不知道 not know *Cuhrɯː *Curɯː [ɗuəj⁵]
149 cloth GHl *ɗəp təp⁷
150 step *ɦaːmɦ *C-ɣaːmɦ [tsəːm⁵]
151 猜測 guess CHl *ɓaːɲ ɓaːn³
152 just now *C-nəwʔ *C-nəwʔ naː¹
153 tread *sʰɯːm *sɯːm
154 tread Qi *tçəːmɦ [tsʰɛː¹]
155 step on *fʰaːw *faːw
156 vegetable *ɓɯː *Cəʔbɯː
157 vegetable NWCHl *sʰaːjʔ [tsan¹]
158 vegetable *ʈʂhəj *ʈəj
159 vegetable NCHl *ʔuːɲ
160 vegetable Run *hŋənʔ
161 蒼蠅 a fly *hmiːʔ *miːʔ [kɯ²]
162 蒼蠅 a fly Run *C-ɲuːŋ
163 蒼蠅 a fly *hwaːŋʔ *waːŋʔ [mɔːt⁹]
164 蒼蠅 a fly Run *tʰaːɦ
165 store up *[ɾ/hr]juːŋ *Ci[d/r]uːŋ [pej¹]
166 store up Run *[ʈʂ/tç]hɯːʔ
167 trough *[ʈʂ/tç]huː *[ʈ/c]uː [tɔːŋ¹]
168 grass *hŋənʔ *ŋənʔ kəːn⁴
169 草木灰 plant ash *sʰuːʔ *suːʔ [faː¹]
170 layer, level *hlɯt *lɯt [fɯːn⁴]
171 insert GHl *C-ɲok
172 insert forcefully GHl *tçʰoŋʔ tsʰaːŋ⁵
173 insert *C-ŋiːp *C-ŋiːp ɲep⁷
174 fork (in road) *pʰaː *paː ɓow¹
175 fork (in road) Run *C-ŋaːʔ
176 杈子 branch (tree) *C-ŋaːmɦ *C-ŋaːmɦ ŋəm²
177 柴刀 machete *kaːʔ *Cəʔgaːʔ [ɗow⁵]
178 柴火 firewood *hŋunʔ *ŋunʔ [fɯŋ⁴]
179 饞嘴 gluttonous *C-laːɲ *C-laːɲ
180 饞吃 eat greedily *ɓət *Cəʔbət ɓɯt⁷
181 饞吃 eat greedily *tʰiːw *tiːw tsʰew¹
182 wind around *fʰiːt *fiːt [huːt⁹]
183 wind around NCHl *hmiːt
184 cicada *hmiːʔ *miːʔ
185 cicada *hrəːj *rəːj kuj¹
186 cicada Run *C-niːŋ
187 cicada Run *C-naːjɦ
188 shovel *tçʰaːc *[c/ç]aːc
189 long *hnaːwʔ *naːwʔ tow⁴
190 intestine *ɾaːjʔ *C-[d/ɖ]aːjʔ lɯj⁴
191 taste *tçʰim *[c/ç]im tsem⁴
192 taste NCHl *ɓuːn
193 stir-fry *k[e]ːŋ *Cəʔg[ɛ]ːŋ
194 vehicle *tçʰiə *[c/ç]iə tsʰia³
195 車輪 wheel *hmiːʔ *miːʔ ʔeŋ³
196 車輪 wheel Run *kʰok
197 扯破 to tear *ʔiːk *ʔiːk ɲit⁷
198 扯破 to tear CHl *C-ɲiːk
199 塵土 dust GHl *fʰuːŋʔ puəŋ⁵
200 塵土 dust Run *C-ŋəːn
201 sink GHl *tçəːn tsen⁴
202 稱呼 call GHl *hwən
203 稱呼 call CHl *tçaːn
204 support *[ʈʂ/tç]həwɦ *[ʈ/c]əwɦ [təp⁸]
205 support CHl *tʰaːjɦ
206 成功 succeed CHl *tçiːŋ
207 成熟 ripe *sʰɯːk *sɯːk tsʰaːk⁹
208 盛飯 fill with rice GHl *kʰəwʔ hiːw¹
209 盛飯 fill with rice Run *ʔɯː
210 eat *C-luːɦ *C-luːɦ [tej⁵]
211 eat Qi *kʰən
212 eat Run *C-ləːk
213 吃草 graze *komʔ *Cəʔgomʔ [tej⁵]
214 吃草 graze Qi *kəmʔ
215 池塘 pond GHl *[ʋ/hw]aːŋ ʔjɔŋ⁵
216 池塘 pond ECHl *Ciɦuːŋɦ
217 late *fʰəŋ *fəŋ [liaw¹]
218 翅膀 wing *pʰiːk *piːk pʰiː⁵
219 pound rice *tçʰaːk *[c/ç]aːk tsʰɯː⁷
220 pound rice Run *pʰəw
221 pound rice *sʰuːnʔ *suːnʔ
222 pound to powder *C-luːn *C-luːn
223 insect *Ciɦənɦ *Ciɣənɦ zɔːt⁸
224 pull out (book) ECHl *C-ɦuc [mak⁷]
225 抽打 to whip *fʰiːt *fiːt [təp⁸]
226 抽打 to whip CHl *fʰaːn
227 抽穗 to ear grain *ɓəw *Cəʔbəw
228 ugly *ɾjaːk *Ci[d/ɖ]aːk [ʔaj¹]
229 ugly *C-mɯːn *C-mɯːn [huəj¹]
230 ugly NCHl *C-laːjʔ
231 ugly NCHl *ɾjuj
232 smelly *ɾjaːk *Ci[d/ɖ]aːk [ʔaj¹]
233 smelly *ɦaːj *C-ɣaːj huəj⁴
234 smelly NCHl *Ciɦəːj
235 臭蟲 bedbug *kɯp *Cəʔgɯp [ɗɔːp⁹]
236 exit *tʰɯːn *tɯːn ɗaŋ¹
237 出賣 sell out *sʰəwɦ *səwɦ
238 除草 to weed *C-luːnɦ *C-luːnɦ [tsʰuət⁹]
239 鋤地 to hoe CHl *ɓəwɦ ɓɔːw⁵
240 鋤地 to hoe *ɓənɦ *Cəʔbənɦ
241 鋤頭 a hoe *kwaːk [*Cəʔgwaːk] kuak⁷
242 鋤頭 a hoe CHl *ɓəwɦ
243 穿 put on (upper) *tçʰət *[c/ç]ət tsʰɔːt⁹
244 穿 put on (lower) *pʰiːn *piːn pʰiːn¹
245 穿針 thread (a needle) *sʰok *sok tsʰɔːk⁹
246 穿插 interweave *sʰuːɲ *suːɲ
247 穿山甲 pangolin *C-mɯnʔ *C-mɯnʔ [tsaː⁴]
248 傳染 infect *pʰaːt *paːt [ʔuəj⁴]
249 傳染 infect GHl *kʰaːt
250 boat *Cuɾaː *Cu[d/ɖ]aː lɔː⁴
251 fish string (clf.) GHl *kuːc tsʰɔːk⁹
252 fish string (clf.) GHl *sʰok
253 fish string (clf.) NCHl *kʰaː
254 rice string (clf.) GHl *hɲ[a]ːŋ tsiːŋ²
255 sore, ulcer GHl *C-n[a]ːŋ [naːj¹]
256 sore, ulcer *Cuʔəw *Cuʔəw
257 bed *tʰ[e]ːŋɦ *t[ɛ]ːŋɦ
258 blanket clf. *Ciɦəːn *Ciɣəːn hɯan⁴
259 床墊 mattress *kaːn *Cəʔgaːn [pɯa⁵təːn¹]
260 blow *ʔuːɦ *ʔuːɦ ʔaːw¹
261 炊烟 smoke *Cuɦəːn *Cuɣəːn hɯan⁴
262 spring *C-ɲaːn *C-ɲaːn nuən¹
263 spring GHl *ʔəŋ [tʰiaw⁴taːw¹]
264 spring Run *hwən
265 poke *sʰɯːŋʔ *sɯːŋʔ tsʰaːŋ⁵
266 糍粑 rice cake GHl *C-ɲeːɦ ɲɛː⁵
267 times *C-wəːj *C-wəːj fuəj¹
268 thorn *Cuɦɯnʔ *Cuɣɯnʔ haŋ⁴
269 prick (finger) *pʰəwʔ *pəwʔ [tsʰua⁵]
270 刺猬 porcupine *tçʰinʔ *[c/ç]inʔ [luː⁴low²]
271 從前 before GHl *tçʰi tsʰi¹
272 從前 before *kʰuːnɦ *[k/x]uːnɦ [vɔːn¹mɔː⁵]
273 clump GHl *hroŋʔ [fuk⁷]
274 粗糙 coarse *Cuɾaːw *Cu[d/ɖ]aːw
275 flee *pʰiw *piw pʰiw¹
276 村庄 village *ɓəwʔ *Cəʔbəwʔ fuən¹
277 村庄 village CHl *C-waːn
278 twist (rope) *pʰəc *pəc
279 twist (rope) *pʰən *pən ɓɔːn¹
280 搓洗 scrub GHl *fʰɯːp tsʰuəp⁹
281 pick *tçeːmʔ [*Cəʔɟɛːmʔ]
282 pick Qi *C-ɲimʔ ɲim¹
283 答應 respond *tʰin *tin [hɔːn⁴]
284 hit *tʰa[ː]jɦ *ta[ː]jɦ [təp⁸]
285 打柴舞 firewood dance *sʰəːp *səːp tsuən¹
286 打柴舞 firewood dance GHl *hrəːp
287 打柴舞 firewood dance CHl *tçuːnʔ
288 打柴舞 firewood dance *tçʰaːk *[c/ç]aːk tsʰɯː⁵
289 打盹兒 doze off *tçəːn *Cəʔɟəːn
290 打盹兒 doze off NWCHl *kuːɦ [tʰaw¹]
291 打盹兒 doze off *C-ŋut *C-ŋut ŋɔk⁷
292 slap *pʰiːk *piːk ɓia⁵
293 打滾 roll (a child) *m-liːn *m-liːn [lam¹]lin¹
294 打滾 roll GHl *Ciʔoŋʔ [tsaːm⁴]
295 打哈欠 yawn *kaːw *Cəʔgaːw hɔː⁵
296 打哈欠 yawn *hŋaːp *ŋaːp hɔːp⁸
297 打鼾 snore *ɾəːŋ *C-[d/ɖ]əːŋ
298 打鼾 snore *Cuɾaːn *Cu[d/ɖ]aːn lɯːn⁴
299 (記號) make a mark *m-luːk *m-luːk [təp⁸]
300 打開 open *C-ŋaːɦ *C-ŋaːɦ ʔow¹
301 打開 open CHl *Cuʔaːɦ
302 打獵 go hunting *hrip *rip [tuən²]
303 打噴嚏 sneeze *tçʰinɦ *[c/ç]inɦ tsʰit⁷
304 打噴嚏 sneeze GHl *ɗəɲ tɯən¹
305 打水 fetch water GHl *ɓəːk [tɔːp⁹]
306 打聽 inquire *ɦiːŋ[ʔ] *C-ɣiːŋ[ʔ] [ŋej²]
307 打聽 inquire GHl *hljəj
308 打圍 surround *hɲaːwʔ *ɲaːwʔ nəːw²
309 big *C-luŋ *C-luŋ loː¹
310 大大后天 three days after tomorrow *hŋwən *ŋwən [kɯ²]
311 大大后天 three days after tomorrow CHl *hməjʔ
312 大大后天 three days after tomorrow *Cuɦaːt *Cuɣaːt [kut¹⁰]
313 大大后天 three days after tomorrow CHl *Cuɦiːt
314 大后天 two days after tomorrow *hŋwən *ŋwən [kɯ²]
315 大后天 two days after tomorrow CHl *hməjʔ
316 大后天 two days after tomorrow *Cuɦɯː *Cuɣɯː [kaː²]
317 大后天 two days after tomorrow NCHl *C-ɲɯː
318 大前年 three years ago *hmuːɦ *muːɦ mɯ²
319 大前年 three years ago ECHl *ɾɯː [lut¹⁰]
320 大前年 three years ago NCHl *tçʰɯːn
321 大前天 three days ago *hŋwən *ŋwən vɔːn¹
322 大前天 three days ago ECHl *ɾɯː [tsuːn⁴]
323 帶領 to lead GHl *ɦun luəj²
324 帶領 to lead Qi *hrujʔ
325 帶子 belt *ɗəːj *Cəʔdəːj tɯj¹
326 wear (hat) *Cuŋəwʔ *Cuŋəwʔ ɲiaw¹
327 wear (hat) Qi *Cuhr[a]ːŋ
328 wear (necklace) *kʰiːnʔ *[k/x]iːnʔ [tuəj¹]
329 wear (earrings) *C-miːŋ *C-miːŋ [tuəj¹]
330 gall bladder *ɗəj *Cəʔdəj tiː¹
331 insipid *ɗəc *Cəʔdəc tsia²
332 / egg *hjɯːm *jɯːm tsum¹
333 block *ɓəːmɦ *Cəʔbəːmɦ
334 block NCHl *ɓiːnɦ
335 knife (large) *kaːʔ *Cəʔgaːʔ
336 刀鈎 knife hook *ɗeːwɦ [*Cəʔdɛːwɦ]
337 刀篓 knife basket GHl *m-loŋʔ
338 刀篓 knife basket CHl *ɾuːk
339 倒伏 bend down *ɗəwɦ *Cəʔdəwɦ
340 倒伏 bend down GHl *ɓuːk
341 倒塌 collapse *tʰuːɦ *tuːɦ [hum²]
342 pound with pestle *sʰuːɲɦ *suːɲɦ
343 到處 everywhere *hŋom *ŋom [vow¹]
344 到處 everywhere *hŋa[ː]jʔ *ŋa[ː]jʔ [laːj⁴]
345 到處 everywhere Run *ɾaːʔ
346 到達 arrive *ɗa[ː]nʔ *Cəʔda[ː]nʔ [vow¹]
347 稻草 straw *Cuŋiŋʔ *Cuŋiŋʔ [nɔːŋ¹]
348 稻穀 paddy *hmok *mok pəːk⁸
349 稻子 rice *C-muːnʔ *C-muːnʔ muət⁹
350 稻子 rice CHl *C-muc
351 稻剪 sickle *C-liːm *C-liːm lin⁴laːt⁹hup⁷
352 稻剪 sickle GHl *kʰɯːp
353 稻剪 sickle NECHl *ɾeːw
354 稻穗 ear of rice *hɲ[a]ːŋ *ɲ[a]ːŋ tsiːŋ²
355 稻穗 ear of rice NWCHl *C-muc
356 稻穗 ear of rice *C-miːnʔ *C-miːnʔ miːn¹
357 得到 get *C-m[e]ːk *C-m[ɛ]ːk mɯː⁵
358 等候 await *h[l]jəːŋ *[Cil/j]əːŋ tʰaw⁵
359 等候 await CHl *tʰəw
360 等候 await Meifu *C-ŋəːŋ
361 瞪眼 glare GHl *C-laːwʔ
362 瞪眼 glare Run *ʔwaːwʔ
363 低頭 lower head *C-ŋut *C-ŋut [kɔŋ¹]
364 低頭 lower head Run *Cuɦəːm
365 drip (clf.) GHl *kʰok
366 ground, earth *Cuɾən *Cu[d/ɖ]ən len⁴
367 地方 place *kom *Cəʔgom [len⁴]
368 弟妹 younger sibling *hruːŋ *ruːŋ [nuəj⁵]
369 弟妹 younger sibling Meifu *ʔeːŋʔ
370 弟妹 younger sibling Run *C-n[u/o]ŋɦ
371 stem GHl *kʰəːŋ ŋaːn¹
372 stem CHl *C-ŋən
373 顛倒 upside-down ECHl *m-lom [tsaːm⁴]
374 顛倒 upside-down CHl *m-ləj
375 顛倒 upside-down CHl *m-lɯn
376 點火 ignite *tçʰujʔ *[c/ç]ujʔ tsej¹
377 hang *ɾiːŋʔ *C-[d/ɖ]iːŋʔ lin⁴
378 釣魚 to fish *ɾoŋʔ *C-[d/ɖ]oŋʔ ləŋ²
379 釣魚 to fish Run *C-lep
380 to fall *hlaːɦ *laːɦ ʔaː⁵
381 to fall Qi *ʔaːɦ
382 跌倒 fall down *ɗəwɦ *Cəʔdəwɦ ɗaːw¹
383 跌倒 fall down GHl *hluːnɦ [lam¹lin¹]
384 pile (clf.) *C-leːp *C-lɛːp [ɓaːk⁹]
385 net clf. *kʰuː *[k/x]uː
386 鼎鍋 tripod *tʰəw *təw [tʰi¹]
387 鼎鍋 tripod GHl *hjɯ[ː]nʔ [ʔaːw⁴]
388 to nail *tʰut *tut
389 定居 settle down *[ɾ/hr]jɯːk *Ci[d/r]ɯːk [liaw¹]
390 定居 settle down GHl *[sʰ/hn]oŋʔ
391 定居 settle down NECHl *tçoŋʔ
392 throw away GHl *fʰit fit⁷
393 丟失 lose (something) *tʰok *tok ɗɔːk⁹
394 east *pʰəjʔ *pəjʔ
395 east Run *fʰ[a]ːŋ
396 east *ʈʂhaː *ʈaː
397 east CHl *pʰaːk
398 east *hŋwən *ŋwən
399 east CHl *tʰɯːn
400 東西 thing GHl *koŋ kɔŋ¹
401 東西 thing *C-muːɦ *C-muːɦ maːw¹
402 winter *C-ɲaːn *C-ɲaːn nuən¹
403 winter *kʰaːjɦ *kaːjɦ kʰɯaj¹
404 冬瓜 wax gourd *Cuɦɯːp *Cuɣɯːp huəp⁸
405 冬瓜 wax gourd NCHl *hm[a]ːŋʔ
406 understand *kʰuːŋ *[k/x]uːŋ [min⁴taj²]
407 move ECHl *ɦənɦ han²
408 move NWCHl *ʔuːj
409 move Run *C-ɲoŋɦ
410 hole *tçʰuːŋʔ *[c/ç]uːŋʔ tsʰua¹
411 恫嚇 threaten *ʔɯːŋ *ʔɯːŋ
412 all *ɾɯʔ *C-[d/ɖ]ɯʔ
413 all GHl *ɗiːʔ
414 all CHl *ʔjaːʔ
415 stump (of rice) *hwiw *wiw vew¹
416 斗笠 bamboo hat *hlaːŋʔ *laːŋʔ [kuən³lɔːj⁵]
417 豆子 bean GHl *Ciɦəw [tsʰɯa⁵]
418 豆子 bean NWCHl *ɗəɲ
419 獨木凳 bench *tʰimɦ *timɦ ŋuən¹
420 gamble *C-ŋət *C-ŋət ŋət⁷/ŋəːt⁸
421 肚臍 navel *Cuɾɯː *Cu[d/ɖ]ɯː loː²
422 肚子 belly *hmok *mok [lɯj⁴]
423 hold with both hands *kʰit *[k/x]it [ʔuŋ¹]
424 hold with both hands NWCHl *ʔɯn
425 short GHl *tʰəc [tʰaː¹]
426 break *kʰɯt *[k/x]ɯt ɗuət⁹
427 break CHl *tʰɯt
428 break NWCHl *fʰəc
429 break *tçʰaːw *[c/ç]aːw [kʰiaw⁵]
430 break NWCHl *hləɲ
431 a pile *pʰəwʔ *pəwʔ [ɗuən¹]
432 pile (clf.) *pʰəwʔ *pəwʔ [tsuːn⁵]
433 堆砌 build by piling GHl *hrəːp kəp⁷
434 墩子 pier *tʰunʔ *tunʔ [tʰok⁷]
435 to stew GHl *ʔujʔ
436 to stew CHl *ɓaːw
437 to stew Meifu *ʔuŋɦ
438 dull *ɾjaːk *Ci[d/ɖ]aːk [ŋɔː¹]
439 dull *tçʰəːm *[c/ç]əːm tsʰiam¹
440 many *hləːj *ləːj ɬej⁴
441 多少 how many *hləːj *ləːj ɬej⁴
442 多少 how many *ɾaː *C-[d/ɖ]aː laːj⁴
443 hide (from rain) *C-ŋəw *C-ŋəw [kɔː¹]
444 躲藏 hide (something) *C-məɲ *C-məɲ [miət⁸]
445 躲藏 hide (something) Run *hljəɲɦ
446 chop GHl *h[n/ɲ]ək tsʰɔp⁷
447 chop Meifu *[tç/hɲ]əp
448 goose *C-ŋeː *C-ŋɛː ŋəːn⁵
449 goose CHl *C-ŋaːnɦ
450 goose CHl *ɓunɦ
451 額頭 forehead *m-laːʔ *m-laːʔ
452 額頭 forehead *ɗaːw *Cəʔdaːw tuː¹
453 惡毒 vicious GHl *ɾjaːk
454 惡毒 vicious GHl *fʰən
455 hungry *ɾən *C-[d/ɖ]ən len⁴
456 鱷魚 crocodile *kəjʔ *Cəʔgəjʔ kaj¹
457 兒女 offspring *hlɯːk *lɯːk ɬiək⁸
458 兒女 offspring Qi *ɗiʔ
459 兒媳 daughter-in-law *hlɯːk *lɯːk ɬiək⁸
460 兒媳 daughter-in-law Qi *ɗiʔ
461 兒媳 daughter-in-law *C-liw *C-liw [naːw⁵]
462 耳朵 ear *hljəj *Ciləj [kɔː¹]
463 耳環 earring *C-miŋ *C-miŋ [tsʰiaw¹]
464 耳環 earring GHl *hwiːŋɦ
465 two *hluːʔ *luːʔ ɬiaw⁴
466 發抖 tremble *C-ɲən *C-ɲən [tan²]
467 發誓 swear *C-maːn *C-maːn [miːn⁵]
468 發芽 to sprout *ʔuːt *ʔuːt [tɔk⁷]
469 發芽 to sprout Run *ʔɯt
470 發芽 to bud (tree) *tʰunɦ *tunɦ
471 發芽 to bud (tree) *ʈʂhaː *ʈaː [ʔaː¹]
472 番石榴 guava CHl *kəwʔ [tʰum¹]
473 翻身 turn over *hjɯːɦ *jɯːɦ [tsaːm⁴]
474 煩亂 upset *ʋɯː *C-bɯː [luːj⁴]
475 繁殖 reproduce *tʰ[e]ːŋ *t[ɛ]ːŋ tʰeːŋ¹
476 反當 instead of *hlɯnɦ *lɯnɦ [ʔeːk⁹]
477 反面 opposite *m-lɯt *m-lɯt [pʰaːj¹tuːt⁹]
478 反面 opposite NCHl *m-lɯːnɦ
479 反面 opposite Run *m-lɯːnʔ
480 cooked rice *tʰaːɦ *taːɦ tʰow¹
481 方法 way GHl *pʰaːjʔ pʰat⁷
482 方法 way CHl *pʰət
483 方向 direction *pʰəjʔ *pəjʔ pʰaːj⁵
484 方向 direction Run *fʰ[a]ːŋ
485 房子 house GHl *m-loŋʔ [ɬɯː²]
486 weave (fabric) *hwiː *wiː [tsʰup⁷]
487 放置 put (down) *ʈʂhəːnɦ *ʈəːnɦ
488 放置 put (down) NECHl *[ʈʂ/tç]hɯːʔ
489 put (on) *sʰaːn *saːn [ʔuŋ¹]
490 put (in) GHl *fʰuːŋ pɔːŋ¹
491 put (down in) GHl *fʰət
492 放走 let go *pʰɯːŋʔ *pɯːŋʔ ɓɔŋ⁵
493 放蠱 to poison *C-miːn *C-miːn miːn⁵
494 放牧 graze *tʰuːʔ *tuːʔ
495 to fly *ɓin *Cəʔbin fin⁴
496 肥胖 fat *hruːjʔ *ruːjʔ kuj¹
497 to bark GHl *ʋunʔ [kiːw¹]
498 to bark GHl *hrəc [tsuːt⁹]
499 沸騰 boil (intr.) *ɗaːn *Cəʔdaːn [puət⁸]
500 lung *kəwɦ *Cəʔgəwɦ [vuəŋ⁴]
501 分配 distribute *kuːɦ *Cəʔguːɦ kɔː¹
502 分贈 give a gift GHl *hriːmʔ
503 吩咐 instruct *C-ŋənʔ *C-ŋənʔ ŋaːn¹
504 墳墓 grave *ʔinʔ *ʔinʔ
505 墳墓 grave Meifu *jinʔ
506 焚燒 to burn *ɓəŋ *Cəʔbəŋ ɓɔŋ⁵
507 粉刺 pimple *Cuɾut *Cu[d/ɖ]ut lup⁸
508 粉刺 pimple Qi *ɾwup
509 粉刺 pimple NCHl *[tç]ɯːn
510 the wind *hwiw *wiw
511 the wind CHl *hŋwəːt vɯat⁷
512 封住 sealed *hlun *lun [puːk⁷]
513 鋒利 sharp *hlin *lin
514 鋒利 sharp *tçʰəːm *[c/ç]əːm tsʰiam¹
515 蜂蜜 honey *C-nəmʔ *C-nəmʔ naːm¹
516 蜂蜜 honey GHl *kəːj [tej¹]
517 sew *C-ɲəp *C-ɲəp ɲɔːp⁹
518 incubate *pʰəːk *pəːk mɔːk⁹
519 incubate CHl *C-mok
520 to prostrate GHl *C-mok [pʰak⁷]
521 to prostrate Run *Cuɦəːmʔ
522 伏擊 ambush *tʰɯmʔ *tɯmʔ tʰam¹
523 伏擊 ambush GHl *tʰomʔ
524 float *ɓəw *Cəʔbəw
525 斧子 axe *ɓuəɦ [*Cəʔbuəɦ]
526 斧子 axe NWCHl *Cuɦaːɲ
527 腐爛 rotten *tʰuj *tuj tʰɯj⁵
528 腐朽 decay *tʰɯːm *tɯːm ɗɔm¹
529 父親 father *pʰaːʔ *paːʔ poː⁵
530 父親 father Run *ɓaːɦ
531 rich *ʋ[e]ːŋ *C-b[ɛ]ːŋ [ɬaj⁴hɯa²]
532 rich CHl *C-mun
533 覆蓋 cover up *pʰɯt *pɯt [kʰɔp⁷]
534 覆蓋 cover up CHl *m-lom
535 to cover *sʰunʔ *sunʔ
536 to cover CHl *kʰop kʰɔp⁷
537 to cover (blanket) *sʰom *som tsam²
538 to cover (blanket) CHl *kɯːŋɦ
539 蓋子 lid GHl *hŋəːt ŋɯt⁸
540 dry (clothes) GHl *ɗaːw
541 乾涸 dry *kʰɯːɦ *[k/x]ɯːɦ kʰaː¹
542 乾飯 dry rice *tʰaːɦ *taːɦ tʰow¹
543 乾飯 dry rice *C-m[e]ːk *C-m[ɛ]ːk
544 乾淨 clean *tçʰiːŋɦ *[c/ç]iːŋɦ tsʰiəŋ⁵
545 乾淨 clean CHl *C-liːŋɦ
546 甘薯 yam *hŋwəːj *ŋwəːj mɔːn¹
547 甘薯 yam GHl *C-mən
548 甘薯 yam Qi *C-muːŋ
549 甘蔗 sugarcane *C-ma[ː]jʔ *C-ma[ː]jʔ mɯaj¹
550 liver *C-ŋaːn *C-ŋaːn ŋuən¹
551 drive cattle *C-luːt *C-luːt [hua²]
552 drive cattle Run *ɦuə
553 hurry ECHl *C-luːjʔ
554 趕上 overtake *hnəːnɦ *nəːnɦ [pʰeːk⁹kʰuən¹]
555 dare CHl *ʔɯːɦ
556 感冒 catch cold GHl *hləːm [mɯ²]
557 感冒 catch cold *kʰət *[k/x]ət [vɯat⁷]
558 剛才 a moment ago GHl *ʔənʔ [tsaːt⁹]
559 剛剛 just (now) *C-nəwʔ *C-nəwʔ [tsaːt⁹]
560 jar GHl *kəːŋʔ kɔːŋ¹
561 steel *Cuɦaːc *Cuɣaːc huaʔ⁷
562 high *pʰaːk *paːk pʰɯː⁵
563 高興 happy GHl *hlin
564 高興 happy GHl *tçɯː
565 高興 happy Qi *tçəwɦ
566 睪丸 testicles ECHl *ʔuːk
567 睪丸 testicles *hjɯːm *jɯːm tsum¹
568 睪丸 testicles *hmaːnʔ *maːnʔ pɔːn²
569 睪丸 testicles Run *m-ləjʔ
570 哥哥 elder brother *ʔ[e]ːŋʔ *ʔ[ɛ]ːŋʔ ʔeːŋ¹
571 哥哥 elder brother CHl *hləwʔ
572 胳臂 arm *kʰiːn *[k/x]iːn [tɯːn¹]
573 胳肢 armpit *tçək *Cəʔɟək tsi¹
574 胳肢 armpit GHl *tçi
575 胳肢 armpit GHl *ɾik lit⁷
576 reap *tʰət *tət
577 reap CHl *kʰiːwɦ [pʰɯːw¹]
578 reap *tʰu[n/ɲ] *tu[n/ɲ]
579 object clf. *ɦom *C-ɣom kɔːm⁴
580 person clf. *tçuːn *Cəʔɟuːn [ŋuən¹]
581 animal clf. *C-ləŋ *C-ləŋ
582 child clf. *ɦɯːʔ *C-ɣɯːʔ
583 give CHl *hnɯːŋɦ [mɯan¹]
584 give NCHl *kuːɦ
585 give *ɗɯː *Cəʔdɯː
586 root *hriːw *riːw [tat⁷]
587 root CHl *kiː
588 root Qi *hwən
589 root NCHl *kʰɯːŋɦ
590 root Run *ɾiːp
591 with *Cuɾuː *Cu[d/ɖ]uː [ɗuən¹]
592 bow *ʋəc *C-bəc [viː²]
593 弓弦 bowstring GHl *hruː [tɯj¹]
594 公雞 rooster *pʰaːʔ *paːʔ
595 公雞 rooster *kʰəj *[k/x]əj kʰaj¹
596 公雞 rooster *[ɾ/hr]jaːn *Ci[d/r]aːn [puan²]
597 公路 road *kuːn *Cəʔguːn
598 公水牛 buffalo steer *pʰaːʔ *paːʔ
599 公水牛 buffalo steer *C-naːw *C-naːw now¹
600 公水牛 buffalo steer CHl *sʰujʔ tsʰej¹
601 共同 together *ʔu[ː]ŋɦ *ʔu[ː]ŋɦ [leŋ⁵]
602 共同 together *tʰəːŋʔ *təːŋʔ [lem¹]
603 供飯 offer food *hruːk *ruːk
604 供飯 offer food CHl *tʰaːɦ tʰow¹
605 供飯 offer food CHl *tçʰəːj [vɯat⁹]
606 dog *hmaː *maː pow⁴
607 狗豆子 tick (insect) *tçʰip *[c/ç]ip tsʰep⁷
608 孤兒 orphan *hlɯːk *lɯːk ɬiək⁸
609 孤兒 orphan Qi *ɗiʔ
610 孤兒 orphan *hlaːk *laːk ɬak⁹ɬɯa²
611 husband’s sister *hmiːʔ *miːʔ
612 husband’s sister *ɗɯːŋ *Cəʔdɯːŋ ŋiən²
613 husband’s sister CHl *ʋ[a]ːŋ
614 husband’s sister Qi *hŋiːn
615 姑父 father’s younger sister’s husband *hjəwʔ *jəwʔ tsiːw¹
616 姑父 father’s elder sister’s husband *tçʰiːʔ *[c/ç]iːʔ tsʰaːj¹
617 姑母 father’s younger sister *C-wɯːʔ *C-wɯːʔ [fiː⁴]
618 姑母 father’s younger sister Run *hwaːɦ
619 姑母 father’s younger sister *hŋiːn *ŋiːn ŋiən²
620 姑娘 girl *hlɯːk *lɯːk
621 姑娘 girl *ʔuːŋ *ʔuːŋ ʔuː¹
622 骨頭 bone *Cuɾɯːk *Cu[d/ɖ]ɯːk liək¹⁰
623 古代 ancient GHl *pʰɯːn
624 古代 ancient Qi *Cuɾaː
625 古代 ancient GHl *hjaː
626 古代 ancient CHl *C-maːn
627 谷倉 granary *hjaːwʔ *jaːwʔ
628 谷粒 a grain *ɦaːp *C-ɣaːp [pəːk⁸]
629 drum *C-ləŋ *C-ləŋ lɔːŋ¹
630 瓜棚 squash lattice *tʰ[e]ːŋʔ *t[ɛ]ːŋʔ [luŋ⁴]
631 瓜棚 squash lattice Run *tʰeːŋɦ
632 scratch *tʰaːw *taːw [kɔːt⁹]
633 scratch CHl *hrɯn
634 寡婦 widow *hmiːʔ *miːʔ maːj⁵
635 寡婦 widow *[ʈʂ/tç]hun *[ʈ/c]un puəj⁴
636 寡婦 widow CHl *hməːjʔ
637 hang up *kʰaːɦ *kaːɦ kap⁸
638 hang up Qi *hŋəp
639 掛搭 set up *ɦuːj *C-ɣuːj
640 to close *C-ŋət *C-ŋət ŋat⁷
641 to close NCHl *hŋəːt
642 an official *C-mun *C-mun [hɯa²]
643 棺材 coffin *ʈʂhəj *ʈəj tsʰaj¹
644 棺材 coffin GHl *koŋɦ [tɔː²]
645 鰥寡 widowed GHl *hməːjʔ puəj⁴
646 罐子 jar *kəj *Cəʔgəj [lej⁵]
647 歸還 to return (tr.) *sʰut *sut tsɔk⁷
648 歸還 to return (tr.) Run *ɾuəʔ
649 spirit *hwəːt *wəːt vɯat⁹
650 spirit CHl *ʈʂhəːj
651 kneel *kʰuːjɦ *kuːjɦ pʰut⁷
652 kneel Qi *pʰut
653 roll *C-lun *C-lun [lam¹lin¹]
654 pot *tʰəw *təw ɗaw¹
655 鍋巴 rice crust *kin *Cəʔgin
656 鍋巴 rice crust CHl *tʰiŋ
657 鍋巴 rice crust *tʰəw *təw
658 果子 fruit *ʈʂhəːm *ʈəːm [mɯat⁷]
659 () pass *kuəʔ [*Cəʔguəʔ] kua⁵
660 () pass CHl *ɗuə
661 () pass Qi *Cuhrəːj
662 害羞 shy CHl *ɾjɛːk [paŋ¹]
663 害羞 shy *hriː *riː [laː¹]
664 害羞 shy CHl *C-laːjʔ
665 contain GHl *fʰəːm [tɔm⁵]
666 含羞草 Mimosa pudica CHl *hŋənʔ kəːn⁴
667 含羞草 Mimosa pudica GHl *tçəːn [tʰaw¹]
668 含羞草 Mimosa pudica *C-ŋut *C-ŋut ŋɔk⁷
669 sweat *C-nəmʔ *C-nəmʔ
670 sweat *Cuʔən *Cuʔən [ʔɯat⁷]
671 汗垢 dirty sweat GHl *C-nəmʔ naːm¹
672 汗垢 dirty sweat GHl *tʰaːmʔ [nɯa¹]
673 汗垢 dirty sweat *kʰiː *kiː
674 dry *ɾaːnɦ *C-[d/ɖ]aːnɦ [kʰaː¹]
675 dry NCHl *C-ŋaːt
676 旱螞蟥 land leech *tʰaːk *taːk ɗɯa⁵
677 旱鴨 land duck *C-ŋaːnɦ *C-ŋaːnɦ
678 漢人 Chinese *C-məːj *C-məːj muəj¹
679 row (clf.) *hrəːjɦ *rəːjɦ tuj⁵
680 毫豬 porcupine *ɗəj *Cəʔdəj tiː¹
681 good *hlin *lin [maŋ¹]
682 drink CHl *Ciɦaːw
683 drink *hruːnɦ *ruːnɦ kuːn⁵
684 drink Meifu *kuːnɦ
685 drink *tʰəːŋʔ *təːŋʔ [leŋ⁵lem¹]
686 and *ʔuːŋɦ *ʔuːŋɦ [ɓeː¹]
687 and Run *C-məj
688 fruit pit *ʔiwɦ *ʔiwɦ [hɯət⁷]
689 fruit pit CHl *ʔuːk
690 黑色 black *ɗəmʔ *Cəʔdəmʔ [tsʰej¹]
691 horizontal *ɦən *C-ɣən [tiam¹]
692 bake *Cuhrɯmʔ *Curɯmʔ [ŋuət⁹]
693 bake GHl *ʔiːŋ
694 紅色 red GHl *hraːnʔ [ɬɯːn⁴]
695 紅色 red Qi *hlaːt
696 紅螞蟻 red ant *hmuc *muc
697 紅螞蟻 red ant *Cuɦɯːʔ *Cuɣɯːʔ [kuːt⁹]
698 紅藤 red vine *kuːŋ *Cəʔguːŋ kiət⁷
699 紅藤 red vine Run *kat
700 rainbow CHl *tçʰomʔ tsɔŋ²
701 rainbow *ʔok *ʔok
702 rainbow CHl *ʈʂhun tɔŋ¹
703 coax *tçəw *Cəʔɟəw tsɯt⁷
704 coax Qi *tçut
705 喉嚨 throat GHl *kʰəːk [lɔːk⁸]
706 喉嚨 throat Run *tʰiːw
707 猴子 monkey *C-nok *C-nok nɔːk⁹tsʰaːŋ¹
708 瘊子 wart *sʰuːc *suːc [mɯ²tsʰiaw⁵]
709 roar *ɦok *C-ɣok hɔːk⁸
710 後面 rear *pʰəjʔ *pəjʔ pʰaːj⁵
711 後面 rear *[ʈʂ/tç]huɲʔ *[ʈ/c]uɲʔ ɗuən³
712 後面 rear CHl *ɗuːnʔ
713 後面 rear NCHl *[ʈʂ/tç]hiː
714 後年 two years later *hmuːɦ *muːɦ maː¹
715 後年 two years later *C-ɲɯː *C-ɲɯː naː¹
716 後天 two days later *hŋwən *ŋwən [kɯ²]
717 後天 two days later CHl *hməjʔ
718 後天 two days later *C-ɲɯː *C-ɲɯː [naː¹]
719 thick *C-naː *C-naː now¹
720 狐狸 fox *hnom[ʔ] *nom[ʔ] [tsip⁷]
721 狐狸 fox *C-muc *C-muc [tsʰuŋ¹]
722 鬍子 beard *hmɯːmʔ *mɯːmʔ mum²
723 葫蘆 bottle gourd GHl *hraːjɦ [ɗuk⁷]
724 蝴蝶 butterfly *hmiːʔ *miːʔ
725 蝴蝶 butterfly *hljom *Cilom
726 蝴蝶 butterfly Qi *kəŋʔ [ɓaŋ⁵]
727 蝴蝶 butterfly Qi *kəːŋ [ɓɯa¹]
728 household clf. *ɗun *Cəʔdun tuŋ¹
729 戽水 bail water *hwiːt *wiːt vet⁷
730 戽水 bail water NWCHl *fʰəːj
731 flower *ʈʂh[e]ːŋ *ʈ[ɛ]ːŋ [ŋɯa¹]
732 花邊/ lace, pattern *pʰaːnʔ *paːnʔ [liaw⁴ŋɯa¹]
733 slippery *kiːt *Cəʔgiːt ɲɯan⁵
734 slippery Qi *hɲɯːn
735 滑脫 slip off *m-ləc *m-ləc [mut⁷]
736 滑脫 slip off Run *m-lɯt
737 懷念 yearn (*C-ŋup) (*C-ŋup) [kua⁴]
738 懷念 yearn GHl *C-ŋuːjɦ
739 懷孕 pregnant GHl *ʔəːm
740 懷孕 pregnant Run *hj[a]ːŋʔ
741 bad *ɾjaːk *Ci[d/ɖ]aːk [ʔaj¹]
742 () rotten (egg) *Cuhraːwʔ *Curaːwʔ [tsum¹luəŋ²]
743 緩慢 slow GHl *hnəːŋʔ [tsəŋ²]
744 緩慢 slow Qi *fʰəːj
745 change clothes *C-ləw *C-ləw law¹
746 exchange CHl *m-ləj
747 荒地 wasteland NCHl *ɗaːwʔ
748 荒地 wasteland GHl *hmuːŋ [faː²]
749 黃蜂 wasp *m-luː *m-luː law¹
750 黃蜂 wasp GHl *tʰin
751 黃蜂 wasp *hmiːʔ *miːʔ
752 黃蜂 wasp *C-laːɦ *C-laːɦ
753 黃牛 cow *C-ɲiw *C-ɲiw naw¹
754 黃色 yellow *hlj[a]ːŋ *Cil[a]ːŋ [tsaj⁴]
755 灰色 grey GHl *hmaːwɦ [pʰuː¹]
756 灰色 grey NCHl *m-luŋɦ
757 揮動 to wave *hwit *wit [viən⁴]
758 揮動 to wave NWCHl *ʔuːj
759 trip clf. *ɓɯːɦ *Cəʔbɯːɦ [lem¹]
760 trip clf. GHl *kuːn
761 回來 come back *hmɯː *mɯː pəː⁴
762 回來 come back *C-lɯːŋ *C-lɯːŋ
763 回去 go back *hmɯː *mɯː pəː⁴
764 able *kiːw *Cəʔgiːw kiw¹
765 able NWCHl *kʰuŋ
766 able Run *hməɰʔ
767 昏迷 unconscious *hnəp *nəp
768 昏迷 unconscious Run *hləmʔ
769 混合 blend *C-ɲuːk *C-ɲuːk [leːw¹]
770 混雜 mix CHl *ɾom
771 混雜 mix CHl *ɾəp
772 fire GHl *fʰiː paj¹
773 火把 torch *tçʰin *[c/ç]in tʰam¹
774 火把 torch Qi *tʰəm
775 chicken *kʰəj *[k/x]əj kʰaj¹
776 雞冠 cockscomb (Celosia cristata) *ɗeːɦ *Cəʔdɛːɦ piːw⁵
777 雞冠 cockscomb (Celosia cristata) CHl *fʰiːwɦ
778 雞冠花 cockscomb flower (Celosia cristata) *ʈʂh[e]ːŋ *ʈ[ɛ]ːŋ [ŋɯa¹]
779 雞冠花 cockscomb flower (Celosia cristata) CHl *fʰiːwɦ piːw⁵
780 雞冠花 cockscomb flower (Celosia cristata) *kʰəj *[k/x]əj kʰaj¹
781 雞蝨 chicken louse *hjəwʔ *jəwʔ [tsʰiːt⁷fow¹]
782 雞蝨 chicken louse Run *hjəwɦ
783 雞窩 chicken roost *ɾuːk *C-[d/ɖ]uːk luːʔ⁸
784 雞窩 chicken roost Qi *m-ləːmʔ
785 積累 accumulate *ʈʂhɯːmʔ *ʈɯːmʔ vɯam¹
786 積累 accumulate Qi *ʋɯːmʔ
787 積水 accumulate water *C-nəmʔ *C-nəmʔ naːm¹
788 積水 accumulate water *Cuɾ[e]ːŋʔ *Cu[d/ɖ][ɛ]ːŋʔ [vɯːn⁴]
789 麂子 muntjac *C-ləːj *C-ləːj lej¹
790 忌嘴 taboo food *C-ŋəc *C-ŋəc ŋaːt⁹
791 忌日 death anniversary GHl *hŋwən vɔːn¹
792 忌日 death anniversary *Cuɦəwɦ *Cuɣəwɦ maːw¹
793 忌日 death anniversary CHl *C-məwʔ
794 忌諱 taboo GHl *C-məwʔ maːw¹
795 祭祀 sacrifice *ɓən *Cəʔbən
796 祭祀 sacrifice Run *C-liːɦ
797 祭祀 sacrifice Run *ʈʂhə:j
798 hairbun (*C-ɲet) (*C-ɲet) pɔŋ¹
799 hairbun CHl *fʰunʔ
800 press under arm *ɦeːp *C-ɣɛːp
801 press together *tçʰiːp *[c/ç]iːp
802 press together CHl *tʰiːp
803 甲蟲 beetle *hmiːʔ *miːʔ [kɯ²]
804 甲蟲 beetle *ɾaːp *C-[d/ɖ]aːp [paːp⁸]
805 假如 if *C-laːjʔ *C-laːjʔ
806 handle clf. GHl *fʰiːnʔ
807 marry *kʰuːjʔ *[k/x]uːjʔ pəː⁴low⁵
808 marry CHl *hmɯː
809 尖刀 dagger *hljiwʔ *Ciliwʔ [ɬiək⁸kʰua¹]
810 肩膀 shoulder *ʋaːɦ *C-baːɦ [vet¹⁰]
811 collect *sʰip *sip [vɯam¹]
812 collect GHl *ʋun
813 cut *hrəp *rəp
814 cut NCHl *hrəːp
815 () alkali (water) GHl *hjəːk [naːm¹faː¹]
816 see *C-laːjʔ *C-laːjʔ [maj¹tsʰuəŋ⁵]
817 clothing clf. *fʰənʔ *fənʔ paːn¹
818 sword GHl *kɯːmɦ
819 splash *tçʰinɦ *[c/ç]inɦ tsʰit⁷
820 arrow *C-ŋəːt *C-ŋəːt ŋɯət⁷
821 arrow NCHl *hləmʔ
822 arrow *sʰiːp *siːp [peː¹]
823 ginger *kʰɯːŋ *kɯːŋ kʰɯəŋ⁵
824 繮繩 reins *hmən *mən puən⁴
825 繮繩 reins NCHl *ɗəːj
826 fall *[ʈʂ/tç]hɯːʔ *ʈɯːʔ taːw¹
827 交換 exchange GHl (*ɓəːk) ɓɔːk⁷tʰaː¹
828 交換 exchange CHl *m-ləj
829 澆水 to water *pʰəːŋʔ *pəːŋʔ pʰɔŋ¹
830 teach *sʰun *sun
831 chew *sʰaːk *saːk tsʰɯa⁵
832 chew NWCHl *pʰ[a]ːk
833 horn *ɦəw *C-ɣəw haw⁴
834 角落 corner *hjuːŋ *juːŋ tsʰuəŋ¹tsʰɔːk⁹
835 leg *kʰok *kok hɔːk⁹
836 腳趾 toe *sʰit *sit tsap⁹tsia⁴
837 腳趾 toe Run *hljiːŋɦ
838 攪拌 stir *ɦunɦ *C-ɣunɦ [laː⁵]
839 攪拌 stir CHl *hrunɦ
840 () cry (horse) GHl *ʔiːŋB [kow⁴]
841 () cry (horse) CHl *kiːk
842 () cry (bird) *ɾəːŋ *C-[d/ɖ]əːŋ [huː¹]
843 叫做 be called *tçaːn *Cəʔɟaːn [kow⁴]
844 sleep clf. *pʰuj *puj [lem¹]
845 結果 bear fruit *tçiːŋ *Cəʔɟiːŋ tseŋ¹
846 結果 bear fruit *ʈʂhəːm *ʈəːm [mɯat⁷]
847 結束 conclude GHl *tçʰəːp [ləːj²]
848 結束 conclude *ɓaːjʔ *Cəʔbaːjʔ
849 結束 conclude Run *ɓəːjʔ
850 connect *ʔɯː *ʔɯː [tsuː⁵]
851 揭開 uncover *Cuɦaːŋ *Cuɣaːŋ lɯa⁵
852 揭開 uncover Qi *C-l[a]ːk
853 揭開 uncover Run *hwaːɦ
854 joint; node *tʰunɦ *tunɦ [tow¹]
855 rob GHl *kiːt
856 姐夫 elder sister’s husband *hjəwʔ *jəwʔ tsiːw¹
857 姐姐 elder sister *ʔiːɦ *ʔiːɦ [ʔuː¹]
858 姐姐 elder sister CHl *kʰɯːʔ
859 解剖 cut open (fish belly) *ɓujɦ *Cəʔbujɦ puj¹
860 疥瘡 scabies *C-niːʔ *C-niːʔ naːj¹
861 疥瘡 scabies GHl *kʰom kʰam¹
862 今天 today *hŋwən *ŋwən vɔːn¹
863 今天 today *C-niːɦ *C-niːɦ nɛː⁵
864 今天 today Run *C-neːɦ
865 tendon *hriːw *riːw [tat⁷]
866 tendon Qi *hwən
867 tendon Run *C-ɲiːw
868 only GHl *C-mənʔ
869 tight *hməːnʔ *məːnʔ [kiːn²]
870 tight Qi *hwət
871 pull tight *kɯŋ *Cəʔgɯŋ kɯŋ⁵
872 緊密 dense *tʰiːt *tiːt [niːt⁹]
873 near *m-lɯːʔ *m-lɯːʔ laː¹
874 near NWCHl *ɦiːt
875 enter *hluːt *luːt [tʰaw⁴]
876 浸泡 soak CHl *ɾok
877 浸泡 soak GHl *ɗəːmʔ tsiəm⁴
878 禁母 shamaness *hmiːʔ *miːʔ maːj⁵
879 禁母 shamaness Qi *hmiʔ
880 禁母 shamaness *kimʔ *Cəʔgimʔ kim¹
881 禁忌 prohibit *Cuɦəwɦ *Cuɣəwɦ [maːw¹]
882 經過 pass ECHl *Cuɦəːj
883 精稻 non-glutinous rice *C-muːnʔ *C-muːnʔ
884 精稻 non-glutinous rice CHl *C-muc muət⁹
885 精稻 non-glutinous rice *C-mɯːʔ *C-mɯːʔ
886 精稻 non-glutinous rice CHl *tçiːmʔ tsiam¹
887 精液 semen *C-nəmʔ *C-nəmʔ naːm¹
888 精液 semen CHl *m-l[a]ːŋ [tam¹]
889 精液 semen NCHl *hliːk
890 a well GHl *tʰoŋɦ tʰɔŋ⁵
891 a well CHl *tçuːŋʔ
892 頸瘤 neck tumor *ʈʂhəːm *ʈəːm [pam²]
893 頸瘤 neck tumor *hljoŋʔ *Ciloŋʔ [ʔɔː⁵]
894 頸瘤 neck tumor Qi *kʰəːk
895 頸瘤 neck tumor Run *tʰiːw
896 nine *C-wɯːʔ *C-wɯːʔ fəː¹
897 long ago *kaːwʔ *Cəʔgaːwʔ [ʔjɔːt⁹]
898 alcohol *C-ŋaːwɦ *C-ŋaːwɦ ŋəːw²
899 alcohol NWCHl *pʰuː
900 酒窩 dimple *C-nəːk *C-nəːk [ɗiːn⁵]
901 酒藥 brewer’s yeast *C-lɯːmʔ *C-lɯːmʔ hɔːm⁴
902 酒藥 brewer’s yeast CHl *Cuɦom
903 酒藥 brewer’s yeast NECHl *hjaː
904 old *C-maːn *C-maːn
905 old GHl *kʰəwɦ hiːw¹
906 mortar *ɾəw *C-[d/ɖ]əw luː⁴
907 舅父 mother’s younger brother *hnɯːʔ *nɯːʔ niː⁴
908 舅母 mother’s younger brother’s wife *hmiː *miː miː⁴
909 橘黃 orange *ɗaːŋʔ *Cəʔdaːŋʔ
910 lift *ɾjɯnɦ *Ci[d/ɖ]ɯnɦ [tiː¹]
911 speech clf. GHl *f[a]ːk [tuəŋ⁵]
912 speech clf. NECHl *ɦom
913 聚集 assemble *tʰuːnʔ *tuːnʔ [leŋ⁵lem¹]
914 聚集 assemble NECHl *[ʈʂ/tç]humʔ
915 animal pen *sʰuːnɦ *suːnɦ [lɔːŋ⁵]
916 蕨草 fern GHl *Ciɦəːnʔ
917 蕨草 fern GHl *kaːnɦ [kɯːt⁹]
918 open up *tʰɯːn *tɯːn [ʔow¹]
919 open up GHl *Cuʈʂhinɦ
920 開荒 develop land *hməc *məc pet⁸
921 開荒 develop land Qi *kut
922 開始 begin *C-ɲoŋʔ *C-ɲoŋʔ
923 開始 begin *Cuhrəwʔ *Curəwʔ
924 開玩笑 joke GHl *Cuɦəːŋ [tsok⁷]
925 開玩笑 joke Run *C-naːwʔ
926 開玩笑 joke *tʰəːŋʔ *təːŋʔ tʰaː¹
927 chop GHl *ʋəːn [tʰaːn¹]
928 chop CHl *kaːjɦ
929 chop GHl *ɾəwɦ [tʰaːn¹]
930 chop *ɓiːwʔ *Cəʔbiːwʔ [pʰat⁷]
931 look CHl *hljuːjʔ
932 look Run *C-loː
933 look *kiw *Cəʔgiw [maj¹]
934 chaff *hrom *rom kəm¹
935 糠心 chaff core *hwaːʔ *waːʔ [vɔːp⁹]
936 carry on shoulder *ɓiːk *Cəʔbiːk fiː²
937 roast CHl *ʔiːŋ
938 烤火 roast over fire *ʔɯmɦ *ʔɯmɦ [tuː⁵]
939 lean on *[ʈʂ/tç]hɯːŋ *[ʈ/c]ɯːŋ
940 rely on *hmiːŋɦ *miːŋɦ [ʔua⁵]
941 rely on NECHl *ʔɯːŋʔ
942 tree clf. *tʰuːnʔ *tuːnʔ ɗuən¹
943 tree clf. GHl *kʰɯːŋɦ
944 蝌蚪 tadpole GHl *hnuː [ʔuəŋ⁵]
945 蝌蚪 tadpole Run *tçiːw
946 咳嗽 cough GHl *hriə kia¹
947 客人 guest *ɓəwʔ *Cəʔbəwʔ fuən¹
948 客人 guest CHl *C-waːn
949 客人 guest *ʔaːw *ʔaːw [low⁵]
950 客人 guest Run *fʰaːw[ɦ]
951 gnaw *Cuɦəːt *Cuɣəːt hɯət¹⁰
952 empty ECHl *hruːʔ
953 empty NECHl *hrəwʔ
954 empty *Cuɾəjɦ *Cu[d/ɖ]əjɦ
955 口袋 pocket GHl *hnəjɦ [ɗoŋ²]
956 口袋 pocket CHl *tçʰəmʔ
957 口袋 pocket NCHl *ɗaːjʔ
958 口弦 Jew’s harp *ɾjəj *Ci[d/ɖ]əj tsaj²
959 枯枝 dry branch *Cuɦinɦ *Cuɣinɦ [kʰow¹kʰaː¹]
960 枯枝 dry branch Run *hniː
961 weep *C-ŋiːʔ *C-ŋiːʔ ŋaːj¹
962 bitter *C-ɦəːm *C-ɣəːm ziam⁴
963 step over *Ciɦaːmɦ *Ciɣaːmɦ hɔːm²
964 step over *C-ɦaːmɦ *C-ɣaːmɦ
965 fast *hjinʔ *jinʔ tsʰiaŋ⁵
966 快樂 happy GHl *hlin [tsʰeŋ²]
967 快樂 happy CHl *fʰət [kʰuaj⁴]
968 快樂 happy Qi *tçuːʔ
969 piece *tʰun *tun [ɗat⁷]
970 筷子 chopsticks *tʰiːp *tiːp tsʰep⁷
971 wide *ɓ[e]ːŋ *Cəʔb[ɛ]ːŋ [viː⁴]
972 tie up GHl *kʰəːnʔ kʰɯan¹
973 bundle clf. *ɓiːk *Cəʔbiːk [puək⁹]
974 pull (things) *hjiːt *jiːt [tʰɯj¹]
975 pull (rope) *hriwɦ *riwɦ [tʰɯj¹]
976 spicy *hrit *rit [kəŋ⁵]
977 come *hmɯːn *mɯːn mɯŋ⁴
978 come Run *pʰɯː
979 癩蛤蟆 toad CHl *Cuɦok [kəp⁷]
980 藍色 blue *kʰiːw *[k/x]iːw kʰew¹
981 藍靛 indigo *tçʰiːŋ *[c/ç]iːŋ [taː¹]
982 藍靛 indigo NCHl *fʰɯːʔ
983 懶惰 lazy *C-laːnʔ *C-laːnʔ [lɯam²]
984 rotten *ʔɯːnʔ *ʔɯːnʔ [ɲɯːt⁸]
985 drag *kʰunʔ *[k/x]unʔ [luː³]
986 drag *Cuɦəc *Cuɣəc vaːt⁹
987 drag Run *kʰəwʔ
988 嘮叨 nag *C-ŋəm[ʔ] *C-ŋəm[ʔ] ŋam⁵tsɔk⁸
989 old *hjaː *jaː tsoː¹
990 old *kiːnʔ *Cəʔgiːnʔ
991 老鼠 mouse *hniw *niw kew⁴
992 strangle *ɾəc *C-[d/ɖ]əc lat¹⁰
993 thunder *ʔom *ʔom [hu¹vuəj¹]
994 雷公 thunder god GHl *C-ɲaːmʔ [hu¹vuəj¹]
995 肋骨 ribs *kʰaːŋʔ *[k/x]aːŋʔ kʰeːŋ¹
996 pile up *ɦaːn *C-ɣaːn [tsʰuəj³]
997 pile up CHl *pʰəwʔ
998 cold *kʰaːjɦ *[k/x]aːjɦ kʰɯaj¹
999 犁鏡 part of plough *ɗiːk *Cəʔdiːk ɗiak⁹
1000 黎族 Hlai *hləj *ləj ɬaj⁴
1001 籬笆 fence GHl *kəːp [lɯj⁴]
1002 裡面 inside GHl *pʰəjʔ [tsʰuː¹]
1003 裡面 inside *ʔuːk *ʔuːk [keː⁴]
1004 鯉魚 carp *hlaː *laː
1005 鯉魚 carp GHl *hɲaːt
1006 鯉魚 carp NWCHl *C-minʔ
1007 力氣 strength *kʰuːɦ *[k/x]uːɦ kʰaːw¹
1008 荔枝 lychee *ʈʂhəːm *ʈəːm [mɯat⁷]
1009 荔枝 lychee *[ʈʂ/tç]həːjʔ *[ʈ/c]əːjʔ [tɯan¹]
1010 連接 connect *tçʰuːnʔ *[c/ç]uːnʔ [tsiap⁷]
1011 連接 connect NECHl *ɓaː
1012 face *ɗəŋ *Cəʔdəŋ [pʰan¹]
1013 戀愛 be in love *hrjɯːk *Cirɯːk [ləː⁴]
1014 cool (water) GHl *hrən [ɓeːk⁷]
1015 measure (fabric) GHl *pʰəŋ [ɬɔːŋ⁴]
1016 measure (rice) *C-lɯːŋʔ *C-lɯːŋʔ ɬɔːŋ⁴
1017 pair *C-lɯːŋɦ *C-lɯːŋɦ lɯaŋ⁵
1018 bright *ɗinʔ *Cəʔdinʔ ɗin¹
1019 bright NCHl *C-liːŋ
1020 dry in sun GHl *kəːj
1021 dry in sun Run *ɦaːɦ
1022 寮房 child’s house *kujʔ *Cəʔgujʔ [ɗɔː¹]
1023 寮房 child’s house NECHl *m-loŋʔ
1024 寮房 child’s house Run *ɬɯːk
1025 獵狗 hunting dog *hmaː *maː
1026 獵狗 hunting dog *hɲaːwʔ *ɲaːwʔ
1027 裂開 crack, split *tʰiːŋʔ *tiːŋʔ [ket⁷]
1028 fish scale *C-ləːp *C-ləːp [liːt⁹]
1029 吝嗇 stingy *kʰiːt *[k/x]iːt kʰiːt⁹
1030 靈魂 spirit *Cuɦɯː *Cuɣɯː haː⁴
1031 flow *C-maːw *C-maːw [lɔːt⁸]
1032 stay *hjəw *jəw tɯan¹
1033 stay Qi *[ʈʂ/tç]həːnɦ
1034 tumor GHl *fʰəːn [tʰup⁷]
1035 six *hnom *nom nəm⁴
1036 dragon *hnəŋ *nəŋ təːŋ⁴
1037 龍眼 longyan *ʈʂhəːm *ʈəːm [mɯat⁷]
1038 龍眼 longyan *ɓənʔ *Cəʔbənʔ piən¹
1039 deaf *hləːk *ləːk ɬaː²taŋ⁵
1040 () leak (rain) *Ciɦəp *Ciɣəp hɔːp⁹
1041 () leak (water) *ɾəɲ *C-[d/ɖ]əɲ
1042 蘆葦 reed GHl *fʰaːw [mɯaj¹tsʰaːŋ¹]
1043 road *kuːn *Cəʔguːn [tin¹]
1044 鹿 deer GHl *ɾəːjʔ [haw⁴]
1045 露水 dew *C-nəmʔ *C-nəmʔ naːm¹
1046 露水 dew *hləːŋʔ *ləːŋʔ kɔːw⁴
1047 露水 dew CHl *hŋaːwʔ
1048 messy (yarn) *kʰuːt *[k/x]uːt
1049 輪換 take turns GHl *tçʰən tsʰan¹
1050 蘿蔔 radish CHl *C-m[a]ːk
1051 gong *C-loːʔ *C-loːʔ lɔːŋ¹
1052 籮筐 vine basket *kuːŋʔ *Cəʔguːŋʔ kuaŋ¹
1053 籮筐 vine basket NWCHl *ɓoŋ
1054 籮筐 vine basket Run *C-laːʔ
1055 螺螄 snail *tçʰiː *[c/ç]iː tsʰaj¹tow⁴
1056 fall *tʰok *tok ɗɔːk⁹
1057 hemp *hmiːn *miːn mian¹
1058 麻木 numb *hnənɦ *nənɦ
1059 麻雀 sparrow *pʰəc *pəc ɓat⁷
1060 麻繩 hemp rope *ɗaːj *Cəʔdaːj [laːm³]
1061 horse *hŋaːʔ *ŋaːʔ [pəː⁵]
1062 螞蟥 water leech *hljiŋ *Ciliŋ tsiːŋ⁴
1063 螞蟻 ant *hmuc *muc puət⁸
1064 scold [*C-la:k] [kəj⁵]
1065 scold Qi *ʔənɦ
1066 cover up *kom *Cəʔgom
1067 埋葬 bury *hlomɦ *lomɦ ɬum⁴
1068 埋葬 bury Qi *m-lomɦ
1069 buy *ʈʂhəc *ʈəc taːt⁹
1070 sell *hriːwʔ *riːwʔ kiːw¹
1071 conceal *ɾjom *Ci[d/ɖ]om [mua²]
1072 滿 full *tʰiːk *tiːk tsʰia⁵
1073 滿意 satisfied *C-ləːm *C-ləːm
1074 滿意 satisfied GHl *Cuɦəːk
1075 slow GHl *sʰəjʔ [tsəŋ²]
1076 slow CHl *fʰaːj
1077 慢驣驣 slow-moving *C-ŋa[ː]j *C-ŋa[ː]j [ŋɔːw²]
1078 vine ECHl *Ciɦəw
1079 芒草 Miscanthus *kəw *Cəʔgəw nɔːw⁵kuː¹
1080 蟒蛇 python *C-naːɲʔ *C-naːɲʔ
1081 cat *C-miːwɦ *C-miːwɦ ɲaːw⁵
1082 fur, body hair *Cuɦun *Cuɣun hɔːŋ⁴
1083 毛蟲 caterpillar GHl *Ciɦənɦ zɔːt⁸
1084 毛蟲 caterpillar GHl *tʰoŋʔ [niː⁴]
1085 茅草 thatch grass (Imperata cylindrica) *Ciɦaː *Ciɣaː zow⁴
1086 to brave (water) *tçəŋ *Cəʔɟəŋ [puːt⁹]
1087 to brave (water) CHl *ɾjuɲʔ
1088 沒有 not have *ʔeːmɦ *ʔɛːmɦ [ŋɔː¹]
1089 沒有 not have CHl *ʔwəɲ
1090 沒有 not have Qi *hwiː
1091 沒有 not have *ɗuːk *Cəʔduːk tɔk⁹
1092 沒有 not have NCHl *ɗuk
1093 needle clf. *[ʈʂ/tç]huːŋ *[ʈ/c]uːŋ tsʰin⁵
1094 every GHl *ɾənɦ
1095 美麗 beauty *hlin *lin
1096 美麗 beauty *C-mɯːn *C-mɯːn [nɔk⁷]
1097 美麗 beauty NCHl *C-laːjʔ
1098 door CHl *hmomʔ [min⁴]
1099 door GHl *C-muːn muan¹
1100 door CHl *kʰuːn
1101 門閂 door latch GHl *kʰəŋ tsʰua³
1102 門閂 door latch Run *tçʰuːŋʔ
1103 門牙 incisors *fʰjən *Civən tsʰaŋ¹
1104 門牙 incisors *hrjaːw *Ciraːw tsuː⁴
1105 cheat *pʰəːŋ *pəːŋ
1106 cheat CHl *pʰɯːm pʰɔːm¹
1107 矇矓 hazy *hmɯːŋʔ *mɯːŋʔ
1108 矇矓 hazy *hmɯːŋʔ *mɯːŋʔ
1109 矇矓 hazy NECHl *m-luːŋɦ
1110 midge GHl *C-mət mɔːt⁹
1111 dream *fʰən *fən pɔːn¹
1112 夢囈 sleeptalk *fʰiŋʔ *fiŋʔ [lɔːw²mɔːŋ⁴]
1113 迷路 get lost *C-ŋɯː *C-ŋɯː [pɯːŋ⁴]
1114 迷路 get lost Run *[ʈʂ/tç]hunɦ
1115 rice *Cuɾəp *Cu[d/ɖ]əp ləp⁸
1116 米酒 rice wine *ɓiːŋɦ *Cəʔbiːŋɦ ɓiːŋ⁵
1117 米酒 rice wine NCHl *pʰuː
1118 dense *ʔəːt *ʔəːt ʔɯət⁷
1119 蜜蜂 bee GHl *kəːj [tej¹]
1120 棉花 cotton *ɓuːjʔ *Cəʔbuːjʔ [ɓɔk⁷]
1121 苗准 aim at GHl *hrəɲ [ɗuj⁴]
1122 明年 next year *hmuːɦ *muːɦ maː¹
1123 明年 next year *ɗəŋ *Cəʔdəŋ tʰiəŋ⁴
1124 明年 next year CHl *ɦəwɦ
1125 明年 next year Qi *hŋom
1126 明年 next year *C-niːɦ *C-niːɦ
1127 明天 tomorrow *hmiːʔ *miːʔ [kɯ²]
1128 明天 tomorrow NECHl *ɦəwɦ
1129 明天 tomorrow *ɦəwɦ *C-ɣəwɦ ziaw⁴
1130 名字 name *pʰaːŋ *paːŋ pʰɯː¹
1131 命中 hit target *C-ləːm *C-ləːm [nɯən⁴]
1132 feel GHl *ʋɯːm
1133 模仿 imitate *tçʰəːŋ *[c/ç]əːŋ tsʰɔŋ⁵
1134 磨刀 sharpen *ɾaː *C-[d/ɖ]aː lɔː⁴
1135 磨刀 sharpen NWCHl *ɾaːt
1136 蘑菇 mushroom *ɗit *Cəʔdit [tsʰaŋ¹]
1137 蘑菇 mushroom Meifu *[ʈʂ/tç]hinʔ
1138 磨米 grind (rice) CHl *kaːnɦ kaːn⁵
1139 母雞 hen GHl *hrəːj kaːj⁵
1140 母雞 hen *kʰəj *[k/x]əj kʰaj¹
1141 母雞 hen *hmiːʔ *miːʔ maːj⁵
1142 母雞 hen *kʰəj *[k/x]əj kʰaj¹
1143 母親 mother *hmiːʔ *miːʔ maːj⁵
1144 母指 thumb *hmiːʔ *miːʔ maːj⁵
1145 母指 thumb *hljiːŋɦ *Ciliːŋɦ tsap⁹tsia⁴
1146 木板 board *ɓeːnɦ [*Cəʔbɛːnɦ] ɓeːn⁵
1147 木杵 pestle *tçʰaːk *[c/ç]aːk tsʰɯː⁵
1148 木耳 tree fungus (Auricularia auricula-judae) *ɗit *Cəʔdit [kɔː¹]
1149 木耳 tree fungus (Auricularia auricula-judae) *hljəj *Ciləj [tsəː²]
1150 木瓜 papaya *Ciʔunɦ *Ciʔunɦ [pɔː⁵]
1151 木棉 cotton tree (Bombax ceiba) *ɦaːwʔ *C-ɣaːwʔ hɔːw⁴
1152 木薯 yam *hŋwəːj *ŋwəːj mɔːn¹
1153 木薯 yam GHl *C-mən
1154 木薯 yam Qi *C-muːŋ
1155 木薯 yam *ɦaːwʔ *C-ɣaːwʔ hɔːw⁴
1156 take *tçʰiːwʔ *[c/ç]iːwʔ [kʰɛː⁵ləːw⁴]
1157 which *ɾaː *C-[d/ɖ]aː laːj⁴
1158 that (medial) *ɦɯːɦ *C-ɣɯːɦ [kɛː⁴]
1159 that (distal) *C-maːɦ *C-maːɦ mɔː⁵
1160 that (distal) Run *C-naː[ʔ]
1161 那樣 that way GHl *ɗuŋ [kɛː⁴]
1162 那樣 that way *C-maːɦ *C-maːɦ mɔː⁵
1163 那樣 that way ECHl *ɦɯːɦ
1164 那樣 that way Run *C-naː[ʔ]
1165 男人 man phɯ:1 *paːʔ pʰɯː¹
1166 男人 man *C-maːn *C-maːn [tsəː⁴]
1167 south *pʰəjʔ *pəjʔ [haj²]
1168 south Run *fʰ[a]ːŋ
1169 south *ɗəŋ *Cəʔdəŋ [mɯa⁵]
1170 south NWCHl *kəw
1171 南瓜 pumpkin *ʔiː *ʔiː
1172 南瓜 pumpkin GHl *ɦɯːp huəp⁸
1173 南瓜 pumpkin CHl *hrəːjɦ
1174 南瓜 pumpkin NECHl *hm[a]ːŋʔ
1175 difficult *ɾjaːk *Ci[d/ɖ]aːk [ʔaj¹]
1176 scratch *ɦɯːt *C-ɣɯːt
1177 scratch Meifu *kʰɯːt kɯat⁷
1178 brain *hluːk *luːk ɬuːʔ⁸
1179 tender *m-lɯːk *m-lɯːk [ɲəːp⁸]
1180 tender Run *ʔuːt
1181 能幹 able GHl *kiːw kiw¹
1182 能幹 able NECHl *ɗəjɦ
1183 () mud GHl *m-laːk lɯa⁵
1184 you (sg.) *C-mɯː *C-mɯː məj¹
1185 你們 you (pl.) GHl *C-mɯː
1186 你們 you (pl.) *sʰəw *səw tsʰaw¹
1187 drown *hlom *lom [ɗɔːk⁹]
1188 drown NWCHl *tʰok
1189 greasy *ʔaːjʔ *ʔaːjʔ [ʔem¹]
1190 year *hmuːɦ *muːɦ maː¹
1191 sticky *C-ɲɯt *C-ɲɯt ɲɯːt¹⁰
1192 sticky Run *ʔeːt
1193 bird *sʰəc *səc [nɔːk⁹]
1194 尿 urine *ɗuː *Cəʔduː [tsem⁵]
1195 twist *Ciɦəɲʔ *Ciɣəɲʔ [vuːt⁸]
1196 twist CHl *Ciɦət
1197 凝固 solid *tʰəːmɦ *təːmɦ tʰɔːm⁵
1198 牛虻 gadfly *hmiːʔ *miːʔ [kɯ²]
1199 牛虻 gadfly *ljaːk *Cilaːk [nɯa⁵]
1200 pus *Cuhriwʔ *Curiwʔ kuː¹
1201 pus NECHl *C-neːŋ
1202 努力 exert *tʰɯːn *tɯːn ɗaŋ¹
1203 努力 exert *kʰuːɦ *[k/x]uːɦ kʰaːw¹
1204 暖和 warm *hlunɦ *lunɦ tʰuːn⁵
1205 暖和 warm NCHl *hlom
1206 糯稻 glutinous rice *C-muːnʔ *C-muːnʔ mɯ²
1207 糯稻 glutinous rice CHl *C-muc
1208 糯稻 glutinous rice *C-ŋaːʔ *C-ŋaːʔ ŋow¹
1209 女兒 daughter *hlɯːk *lɯːk ɬiək⁸
1210 女兒 daughter Qi *ɗiʔ
1211 女兒 daughter *hmiːʔ *miːʔ [mɯ²]
1212 女兒 daughter *kʰəwɦ *[k/x]əwɦ [taːw¹]
1213 女人 woman *hmiːʔ *miːʔ mɯ²
1214 女人 woman *kʰəwɦ *[k/x]əwɦ [taːw¹]
1215 女婿 son-in-law *hlɯː *lɯː ɬaː⁴
1216 嘔吐 vomit GHl *fʰaːk [ʔɔŋ¹]
1217 () lie face-down GHl *Cuɦəːmʔ [pʰok⁷]
1218 climb (tree) *C-naːn *C-naːn [kʰuən¹]
1219 crawl *Cuɦɯːm *Cuɣɯːm hɔːm⁴
1220 afraid *ɗaːʔ *Cəʔdaːʔ ɬɔː⁴
1221 afraid NCHl *C-m[a]ːŋ
1222 排列 arrange *hrəj *rəj [ɓaːj²]
1223 派遣 dispatch GHl *ɓəj pʰaːj⁴
1224 攀折 break (stem) *hŋəw *ŋəw [ʔuːt⁹]
1225 攀折 break (stem) NCHl *ʔuːʔ
1226 攀折 break (stem) Run *C-ŋuːt
1227 旁邊 side *C-ŋəːjɦ *C-ŋəːjɦ
1228 螃蟹 crab *ɓuːɦ *Cəʔbuːɦ [tsʰaːk⁹]
1229 螃蟹 crab NCHl *kʰaːɦ
1230 fat *hruːjʔ *ruːjʔ kuj¹
1231 run *Cuhruːɦ *Curuːɦ kɔː¹
1232 跑味兒 stale *hlujʔ *lujʔ [viː³fin⁴]
1233 泡沫 foam GHl *fʰuːt puət⁹
1234 泡沫 foam CHl *fʰuːŋʔ
1235 spray (with mouth) *pʰuɦ *puɦ ʔaːw¹
1236 spray *hlaːw *laːw [vuŋ⁵]
1237 basin *ʔ[a]ːŋɦ *ʔ[a]ːŋɦ
1238 朋友 friend GHl *pʰiːnʔ pɯən⁵
1239 hold in two hands CHl *kʰop [huŋ¹]
1240 hold in two hands NWCHl *ʔɯn
1241 碰見 meet *[ʈʂ/tç]huːŋɦ *[ʈ/c]uːŋɦ
1242 碰見 meet NWCHl *C-laːjʔ
1243 split *ɓuːŋ *Cəʔbuːŋ [pɯaj¹]
1244 skin (of fruit) *fʰaːk *faːk pua⁵
1245 皮膚 skin *C-nəːŋ *C-nəːŋ naː¹
1246 fart *tʰuːc *tuːc ɗuət⁹
1247 land clf. *[ʈʂ/tç]haːn *[ʈ/c]aːn [hɯan¹]
1248 飄動 to wave *C-lit *C-lit
1249 飄動 to wave Run *ʔwit
1250 ladle *Cuɦiː *Cuɣiː [huəp⁸]
1251 ladle Qi *hruːj
1252 level CHl *tʰəːj
1253 pour *ɓaːnʔ *Cəʔbaːnʔ [ɬɔm²]
1254 pour CHl *hwiːt
1255 pour CHl *tçəwɦ
1256 break *pʰəːnʔ *pəːnʔ ɓɯan¹
1257 puff CHl *m-liwɦ [puːt⁹]
1258 puff *ɾjuɲʔ *Ci[d/ɖ]uɲʔ
1259 seven *tʰuː *tuː ɗaw¹
1260 妻子 wife *hmiːʔ *miːʔ
1261 妻子 wife GHl *kʰəwɦ [naːw⁵]
1262 妻子 wife *hmiːʔ *miːʔ
1263 妻子 wife *C-liwʔ *C-liwʔ
1264 妻子 wife CHl *ɗun
1265 棲息 perch *tçəwʔ *Cəʔɟəwʔ [ŋɔm²]
1266 lacquer GHl *tçʰit
1267 lacquer NCHl *tçʰət
1268 起來 get up *Cuʔɯːɦ *Cuʔɯːɦ ʔaː¹
1269 air *tçɯː *Cəʔɟɯː
1270 pinch *ɗəɲʔ *Cəʔdəɲʔ tɯən¹
1271 pinch Qi *ɾeːw
1272 pinch *C-miːt *C-miːt pet⁷
1273 thousand *C-ŋuːn *C-ŋuːn tsʰaːj⁵
1274 thousand Qi *[ʈʂ/tç]həːj
1275 thousand NECHl *C-ŋin
1276 to lead *Cuʈʂhun *Cuʈun toŋ¹
1277 前面 front *pʰəjʔ *pəjʔ pʰaːj⁵
1278 前面 front *ɗəŋ *Cəʔdəŋ tʰiəŋ⁴
1279 前天 day before yesterday *hŋwən *ŋwən vɔːn¹
1280 前天 day before yesterday *ɾəwʔ *C-[d/ɖ]əwʔ tsaːw⁴
1281 鉗子 tongs *tçʰiːp *[c/ç]iːp
1282 潛水 dive *tçom *Cəʔɟom tsem¹muat⁷
1283 shallow *tʰɯːnʔ *tɯːnʔ ɗaŋ¹
1284 money *tçiːn *Cəʔɟiːn tsin¹
1285 wall *hriːŋʔ *riːŋʔ
1286 wall Run *m-l[a]ːk
1287 choke GHl *kʰəːnʔ kʰɯan¹
1288 悄悄地 quietly *hrip *rip [tsəŋ²]
1289 knock *tʰoŋɦ *toŋɦ [ɗɔk⁷]
1290 knock Qi *ɓuːŋʔ [təp⁸]
1291 pry *kʰəŋɦ *[k/x]əŋɦ kʰaŋ¹
1292 cut GHl *hrət
1293 cut CHl *tʰəmʔ [laːŋ⁵]
1294 勤勞 hard-working *ʔunʔ *ʔunʔ
1295 勤勞 hard-working Run *ɗəjɦ
1296 青梅樹 plum tree *C-muːj *C-muːj muːj¹
1297 青年 youth *hlɯːk *lɯːk [mɯ²]
1298 青年 youth GHl *C-mɯːn [niaw¹]
1299 青蛙 frog *kaːt *Cəʔgaːt [laːk⁸]
1300 青蛙 frog Run *kaːp
1301 light (weight) *kʰɯːʔ *[k/x]ɯːʔ kʰɔː⁵
1302 傾聽 listen GHl *ɦiːŋ
1303 傾聽 listen *hljəj *Ciləj [ŋej²]
1304 傾聽 listen *m-lɯː *m-lɯː
1305 傾斜 slant *kiːŋ *Cəʔgiːŋ kiːŋ¹
1306 clear *hraːw *raːw
1307 clear *hlɯːŋʔ *lɯːŋʔ ɬaːŋ²
1308 清理 to clean *sʰəc *səc
1309 清理 to clean CHl *hlɯːŋʔ [tsʰeŋ³]
1310 清理 to clean ECHl *Cuɦəːk
1311 蜻蜓 dragonfly *hmiːʔ *miːʔ [tʰam¹/tʰap⁹]
1312 蜻蜓 dragonfly *tçʰin *[c/ç]in [tʰiw⁵]
1313 clear (sky) *hlɯːŋʔ *lɯːŋʔ ɬaːŋ²
1314 () invite GHl *hrəjʔ [kow⁴]
1315 poor *ʋaːt *C-baːt fɯːt⁸
1316 mound GHl *Ciɦəːn huən³
1317 autumn *C-ɲaːn *C-ɲaːn [taw¹ku¹nuən¹]
1318 autumn *tʰət *tət C-muːnʔ
1319 autumn CHl *ɗaɲʔ
1320 蚯蚓 earthworm *Cuɦən *Cuɣən van¹
1321 蚯蚓 earthworm Meifu *C-ŋəɲ
1322 蚯蚓 earthworm Run *C-luːɦ
1323 驅逐 expel *C-luːjʔ *C-luːjʔ [pʰeːk⁹]
1324 maggot *hŋuj *ŋuj
1325 maggot NECHl *ɗ[a]ːk zɔːt⁸
1326 maggot CHl *Ciɦənɦ
1327 maggot Qi *C-ɦaːjʔ
1328 take GHl *hmət pat⁸
1329 take Run *hmuːjʔ
1330 marry *kaːk *Cəʔgaːk
1331 marry NCHl *ɗɯː
1332 go *ɦiː *C-ɣiː haj¹
1333 go Run *pʰəɰ
1334 去年 last year *hmuːɦ *muːɦ mɯː²
1335 去年 last year *pʰənʔ *pənʔ [[ləːj⁴]
1336 全部 all *ɓaːjʔ *Cəʔbaːjʔ pɯj⁵
1337 全部 all NECHl *ɾiːk
1338 全部 all *ɓaːjʔ *Cəʔbaːjʔ pɯj⁵
1339 全部 all NECHl *ɾiːk
1340 泉水 spring water *C-nəmʔ *C-nəmʔ naːm¹
1341 泉水 spring water *tçəŋ *Cəʔɟəŋ [tow¹]
1342 泉水 spring water CHl *ɾjuɲʔ [len⁴]
1343 拳頭 fist GHl *Cuhrop
1344 拳頭 fist CHl *C-mɯː
1345 勸解 mediate *hraːk *raːk leːŋ¹
1346 勸解 mediate CHl *C-l[a]ːŋ
1347 缺口 gap *ʋ[e]ːŋɦ *C-b[ɛ]ːŋɦ pəːŋ¹
1348 group *kʰun *[k/x]un kʰuən²
1349 裙子 skirt *ɾiːn *C-[d/ɖ]iːnʔ liən²
1350 dye *hɲomʔ *ɲomʔ tsʰaːm¹
1351 dye Qi *tçʰəmʔ
1352 讓路 make way *pʰiːŋʔ *piːŋʔ pʰiː¹
1353 讓路 make way Qi *fʰiːŋʔ
1354 繞過 make detour *hwiːŋ *wiːŋ [ʔuan⁴]
1355 hot *Cuʈʂhəwʔ *Cuʈəwʔ [ʔjuŋ¹]
1356 hot CHl *sʰiːt tsʰit⁷
1357 to heat *ɾəːmʔ *C-[d/ɖ]əːmʔ [hiːt⁸]
1358 person *ʔaːw *ʔaːw [ɬaj⁴]
1359 person NCHl *Cuɦaːw
1360 人們 people *kʰun *[k/x]un
1361 人們 people *ʔaːw *ʔaːw
1362 人們 people NCHl *Cuɦaːw
1363 認識 know GHl *kʰuːŋ [min⁴]
1364 認識 know *Cuhrɯː *Curɯː [taj²]
1365 紉針 thread needle *sʰok *sok tsʰɔːk⁹
1366 throw *pʰ[e]ːŋʔ *p[ɛ]ːŋʔ [fat⁷]
1367 day *hŋwən *ŋwən vɔːn¹
1368 日常 daily *hrəːm *rəːm
1369 日常 daily *hŋwən *ŋwən
1370 榕樹 banyan *tʰəwʔ *təwʔ [fɯən¹]
1371 榕樹 banyan *hriː *riː [ɗiaw¹]
1372 meat GHl *hrəmʔ kəːm¹
1373 flesh (of fruit) *C-maːk *C-maːk mɯa⁵
1374 乳房 breast *tçiɦ *Cəʔɟiːɦ [ɲen⁵]
1375 乳房 breast NCHl *tçiː
1376 乳房 breast Run *tçiʔ
1377 入赘 marry into wife’s family *kʰaːn *[k/x]aːn kuən¹
1378 入赘 marry into wife’s family *pʰuːnɦ *puːnɦ
1379 入赘 marry into wife’s family CHl *m-loŋʔ [ɬɯː²]
1380 soft GHl *hmuːt puək⁷
1381 () cast (sand) *Cuhruj *Curuj [tɔːk⁹]
1382 () cast (seed) GHl *fʰəːnɦ [ʔia¹]
1383 stop up *ʔiːm *ʔiːm tsʰem¹
1384 stop up CHl *tçʰiːm
1385 gill *C-ŋaːk *C-ŋaːk ŋɯa⁵
1386 three *Cuʈʂhuʔ *Cuʈuʔ taːw¹
1387 sweep *kuc *Cəʔguc
1388 sweep NCHl *pʰəːnɦ
1389 sweep GHl *hrjik tset¹⁰
1390 嫂子 elder brother’s wife *tçuː *Cəʔɟuː tsʰuː¹
1391 astringent *hmɯnʔ *mɯnʔ paŋ⁴
1392 森林 forest *hrəŋ *rəŋ [ŋuən⁵]
1393 森林 forest NWCHl *sʰuːn
1394 kill *ɦuːʔ *C-ɣuːʔ [tseː²]
1395 sand *pʰuːɦ *puːɦ [ɗej¹]
1396 yarn CHl *ɗənɦ
1397 yarn *Cuhruj *Curuj [ɓɔk⁷]
1398 yarn Qi *ɓuːjʔ
1399 sift *[ɾ/hr]jəw *Ci[d/r]əw tsiːw⁴
1400 sift NCHl *hjoŋ
1401 sift Run *ɾoŋʔ
1402 篩子 sieve GHl *ɗoŋʔ
1403 篩子 sieve NCHl *hjoŋ
1404 篩子 sieve Run *ɾoŋʔ
1405 篩子 sieve *[ɾ/hr]jəw *Ci[d/r]əw tsiːw⁴
1406 expose to sun *ʈʂhiːŋʔ *ʈiːŋʔ tɯa⁵
1407 expose to sun Run *Cuʔiː
1408 mountain *Cuɦəwʔ *Cuɣəwʔ [tsow¹]
1409 山谷 mountain valley *kʰəːŋ *[k/x]əːŋ kʰɔːŋ⁵
1410 山林 mountain forest *ɗaːwʔ *Cəʔdaːwʔ tɯːw¹ʔuaŋ¹
1411 山腰 mountainside *Ciɦaːɦ *Ciɣaːɦ
1412 山腰 mountainside *C-ɲaːɦ *C-ɲaːɦ tʰum¹
1413 山腰 mountainside CHl *tʰom
1414 山腰 mountainside *Cuɦəwʔ *Cuɣəwʔ
1415 閃電 lightning *hljip *Cilip lip⁷
1416 扇子 a fan GHl *hwoŋʔ [pʰaŋ⁵]
1417 骟子 pheasant *kʰəj *[k/x]əj kʰaj¹
1418 骟子 pheasant *ɗɯːn *Cəʔdɯːn tʰɯŋ⁴
1419 傷口 wound GHl *Ciɦaːnʔ huən²
1420 ascend *kʰaːn *[k/x]aːn kʰuən¹
1421 ascend CHl *tçənʔ
1422 上面 top *pʰəjʔ *pəjʔ
1423 上面 top *hnɯː *nɯː [law¹law¹]
1424 上午 noon GHl *pʰaːk [tow¹]
1425 上午 noon *hŋwən *ŋwən vɔːn¹ɗaŋ⁵
1426 上衣 upper garment *ʋ[e]ːŋʔ *C-b[ɛ]ːŋʔ voː⁴
1427 burn GHl *ɾəŋ [haːŋ¹]
1428 burn CHl *ʔiːŋ
1429 burn Run *tʰ[a]ːk
1430 burn *tçʰujʔ *[c/ç]ujʔ tsej¹
1431 tree top, tip *Ciɦəːnʔ *Ciɣəːnʔ [lɔŋ¹]
1432 few *ɾjəwɦ *Ci[d/ɖ]əwɦ [təːk⁸]
1433 few NCHl *kʰəmʔ
1434 潲雨 slanted rain *pʰiːwɦ *piːwɦ [pʰat⁷]
1435 潲雨 slanted rain Qi *fʰəːnɦ
1436 舌頭 tongue *hliːnʔ *liːnʔ ɬiːn⁴
1437 snake *hljaːɦ *Cilaːɦ [ɓuət⁷]
1438 snake NWCHl *C-nuːʔ
1439 shoot *hɲɯː *ɲɯː niː⁴
1440 shoot NWCHl *ɓiːwɦ
1441 stretch *hjaːʔ *jaːʔ tsɔː⁴
1442 stretch *C-gəwʔ *Cəʔgəwʔ [ɓɔŋ⁵]
1443 stretch Run *ʔɯː
1444 stretch NWCHl *hjiːt
1445 身體 body *Cuɦuːn *Cuɣuːn huən⁴
1446 呻吟 groan GHl *kəŋ kiəŋ¹
1447 呻吟 groan Meifu *kɯŋ
1448 deep *hləːk *ləːk ɬaː²
1449 深夜 deep night GHl *pʰaːk ɬaː²
1450 深夜 deep night CHl *hləːk
1451 深夜 deep night *tçʰəp *[c/ç]əp tsʰɔːp⁹
1452 嬸母 father’s brother’s mother *hmiː *miː
1453 kidney *C-nəːm *C-nəːm nam¹
1454 滲透 permeate GHl *hrjəp [ɓɯːn⁵ɗaŋ¹]
1455 raw *Cuɾiːp *Cu[d/ɖ]iːp [ɬuət⁸]
1456 give birth *hluː *luː ɬaw⁴
1457 生火 light fire *C-muː *C-muː [ɲin⁴]
1458 生火 light fire *fʰiː *fiː paj¹
1459 生氣 angry *tʰɯːn *tɯːn ʔaː¹
1460 生氣 angry Qi *Cuʔaːɦ
1461 生氣 angry Run *ɾinɦ
1462 生氣 angry *C-ŋaːn *C-ŋaːn ŋuən¹
1463 生銹 to rust *kʰən *[k/x]ən
1464 生銹 to rust *hlaːc *laːc
1465 生銹 to rust NECHl *C-ŋwəjʔ
1466 聲音 voice *tʰiːw *tiːw tsʰew¹
1467 繩子 rope *ɗəːj *Cəʔdəːj tɯj¹
1468 繩子 rope *kʰaː *[k/x]aː
1469 剩餘 remainder *hljaː *Cilaː tsow⁴
1470 剩餘物 remainders *ɗaːn *Cəʔdaːn ɗuən¹
1471 失火 catch fire *tʰəŋ *təŋ [nɯən⁴]
1472 失時 lose the chance *ɾujʔ *C-[d/ɖ]ujʔ [kua⁵luːn²]
1473 虱子 louse *tʰən *tən ten¹
1474 虱子 louse NWCHl *hmət
1475 wet *hmənʔ *mənʔ pəːn⁴
1476 ten *fʰuːt *fuːt puət⁹
1477 ten NCHl *fʰuːc
1478 石精 benzine *tçʰiːn *[c/ç]iːn tsʰiːn¹
1479 石精 benzine *hjaː *jaː tsoː¹
1480 石頭 stone *tçʰiːn *[c/ç]iːn tsʰiːn¹
1481 食指 index finger *hljiːŋɦ *Ciliːŋɦ tsap⁹tsia⁴
1482 食指 index finger GHl *tçək tsɔk⁷
1483 食指 index finger CHl *tçok
1484 食指 index finger *C-ɲaːwʔ *C-ɲaːwʔ nɔːw⁴
1485 使用 use *kɯːŋɦ *Cəʔgɯːŋɦ [zoŋ⁵]
1486 excrement *ɦaːjʔ *C-ɣaːjʔ hɯaj²
1487 try *ɓɯːn *Cəʔbɯːn
1488 try CHl *ɓi
1489 世代 generation *pʰɯːn *pɯːn [kit⁷]
1490 be CHl *C-mən tsaŋ¹
1491 收殮 prepare for burial *C-luːt *C-luːt
1492 收殮 prepare for burial Run *[ʈʂ/tç]hɯːmʔ
1493 hand *C-mɯː *C-mɯː maː¹
1494 手指 finger *hljiːŋɦ *Ciliːŋɦ tsap⁹tsia⁴
1495 thin *C-liːʔ *C-liːʔ [ŋaːw¹]
1496 叔父 father’s younger brother *fʰɯː *fɯː paː¹
1497 comb *sʰ[e]ːŋ *s[ɛ]ːŋ tsʰiː¹
1498 sparse *hwaːnʔ *waːnʔ fuən¹
1499 redeem *ʈʂhəːmʔ *ʈəːmʔ tiam¹
1500 cooked *C-wuj *C-wuj fuəj¹
1501 count *kʰaːjʔ *[k/x]aːjʔ kʰaː⁴
1502 tree *ʈʂhəj *ʈəj tsʰaj¹
1503 樹漿 tree sap *tʰəːŋ *təːŋ ɗaː¹
1504 樹心 tree core *Cuɦəc *Cuɣəc [ʔiət⁷]
1505 樹枝 tree branch GHl *kʰaː kʰow¹
1506 樹枝 tree branch Qi *hnuːŋ
1507 樹枝 tree branch *ʈʂhəj *ʈəj tsʰaj¹
1508 vertical *ɾinɦ *C-[d/ɖ]inɦ [ləŋ⁴]
1509 vertical NWCHl *ɗaːɲ
1510 throw *sʰəːp *səːp [ʔɔːp⁹]
1511 tie *C-ŋəːnʔ *C-ŋəːnʔ [kuŋ¹]
1512 pair *hlɯːmʔ *lɯːmʔ [ʔum¹]
1513 pair CHl *fʰiːk
1514 雙生子 twins *hlɯːk *lɯːk ɬiək⁸
1515 雙生子 twins Qi *ɗiʔ
1516 雙生子 twins *pʰaː *paː ɓow¹
1517 frost GHl *hljin [nɔːw⁴vuəj¹]
1518 who *ʔaːʔ *ʔaːʔ [kaːj⁵]
1519 who Run *ʔaː
1520 who *ɾaː *C-[d/ɖ]aː
1521 water *C-nəmʔ *C-nəmʔ naːm¹
1522 水壩 dam *tʰəːmʔ *təːmʔ [tiːŋ⁵]
1523 水車 waterwheel GHl *ʋənɦ
1524 水溝 ditch *sʰaːjɦ *saːjɦ [vaːj⁵]
1525 水溝 ditch *C-nəmʔ *C-nəmʔ naːm¹
1526 水溝 ditch Qi *ɗiŋɦ
1527 水牛 water buffalo *sʰujʔ *sujʔ tsʰej¹
1528 水獺 otter *hnaːk *naːk nɯː²
1529 tax *ɦiːŋ *C-ɣiːŋ
1530 sleep GHl *tçəːn
1531 sleep (lay down) *hŋuːɦ *ŋuːɦ ŋɔː⁴
1532 talk *ɾiːn *C-[d/ɖ]iːn [huː¹]
1533 talk NECHl *[ʈʂ/tç]himɦ
1534 絲瓜 sponge gourd *hm[e]ːŋʔ *m[ɛ]ːŋʔ peːŋ²
1535 絲瓜 sponge gourd NECHl *ɾaːŋɦ
1536 絲線 silk thread GHl *fʰunɦ [tɯj¹ɬɯːw⁴]
1537 私生子 illegitimate child *hlɯːk *lɯːk ɬiək⁸
1538 私生子 illegitimate child CHl *hjuː [vɯam¹]
1539 私生子 illegitimate child Run *[ʈʂ/tç]haː[ɦ]
1540 to tear *ʔiːk *ʔiːk
1541 to tear NWCHl *ɗ[a]ːŋʔ
1542 to tear NECHl *Cuʔiːk
1543 to tear ECHl *C-ɲiːk ɲiːt⁹
1544 die *hlaːwɦ *laːwɦ [lɔːt⁹]
1545 die CHl *ɦɯt
1546 die CHl *hljuːj
1547 four *ʈʂhaːwʔ *ʈaːwʔ tiəw¹
1548 four CHl *ʈʂhəwʔ
1549 四腳蛇 lizard *ʔiːŋɦ *ʔiːŋɦ ʔiaŋ⁵
1550 四腳蛇 lizard CHl *hrjɯːŋ liəŋ⁴pow⁴tsə²
1551 飼料 feed (n.) GHl *kʰən haŋ¹
1552 松鼠 squirrel *C-ɲaːt *C-ɲaːt [ləːn⁵]
1553 甦醒 awaken *sʰɯː *sɯː [tsʰeːt⁹]
1554 肅靜 silence *ʔət *ʔət
1555 肅靜 silence Run *ɬɯːŋʔ
1556 肅靜 silence GHl *ʔik ʔiːk⁹
1557 肅靜 silence Run *hljiː[ʔ]
1558 嗉子 crop GHl *kʰən [ɗeː⁵ʔɔː⁵]
1559 sour *C-waːʔ *C-waːʔ fow¹
1560 酸菜 pickled vegetables *hrjiːŋ *Ciriːŋ [paː⁵]
1561 算盤 abacus GHl *hljɯːɦ
1562 smash *hnom *nom
1563 smash Run *hɲomɦ
1564 孫子 grandson *ɦəɲ *C-ɣəɲ ɬiək⁸
1565 孫子 grandson CHl *hlɯːk
1566 孫子 grandson *pʰuːʔ *pʰuːʔ pəːw⁴
1567 孫子 grandson CHl *fʰuːʔ
1568 梭子 shuttle GHl *kʰuc kiət⁷
1569 簑衣 straw rain cape *ɓiːnɦ *Cəʔbiːnɦ [tsʰuaŋ¹]
1570 簑衣 straw rain cape Qi *ɓɯː
1571 he/she *C-naː *C-naː nej⁵
1572 他們 they CHl *kʰun
1573 他們 they *ɾuːɦ *C-[d/ɖ]uːɦ [mow⁵]
1574 他們 they NCHl *C-naː
1575 台風 typhoon *hwənɦ *wənɦ [pʰaːŋ¹]
1576 苔蘚 moss GHl *C-nəːŋʔ
1577 lift (two people) *ʈʂhaːm *ʈaːm tɔm¹
1578 太陽 sun *ʈʂhaː *ʈaː tow¹
1579 太陽 sun *hŋwən *ŋwən vɔːn¹
1580 太陽穴 temples *ɦəw *C-ɣəw haw⁴
1581 太陽穴 temples *fʰiːŋ *fiːŋ pia¹
1582 罈子 jug *kəj *Cəʔgəj [kiːw¹]
1583 罈子 jug *ʔuŋɦ *ʔuŋɦ [tʰuŋ⁴]
1584 phlegm *C-nəmʔ *C-nəmʔ naːm¹
1585 phlegm GHl *ɦaːk haːk⁸
1586 phlegm NWCHl *kʰək
1587 pool *hwaːŋ *waːŋ [tʰaː²]
1588 card (cotton) *hɲɯː *ɲɯː niː⁴
1589 coal *hlɯːɦ *lɯːɦ [ʔaːŋ¹paj¹]
1590 探望 visit GHl *kʰəːmɦ [tak⁸tej¹]
1591 探望 visit *ʔiːp *ʔiːp
1592 trip clf. *hŋaːjʔ *ŋaːjʔ [lem¹]
1593 trip clf. Run *hŋəːjʔ
1594 逃脫 escape *C-luɲʔ *C-luɲʔ lɔn¹
1595 討厭 annoying *ʔaːjʔ *ʔaːjʔ [ʔjam⁴]
1596 討厭 annoying Meifu *ʔəjʔ
1597 藤籮 rattan basket *h[l]juːk *[Cil/j]uːk [ɓiːn¹lɔː¹]
1598 藤籮 rattan basket CHl *[ʈʂ/tç]ʰəwɦ
1599 藤簍 rattan slat basket *ɓuŋ *Cəʔbuŋ puŋ¹
1600 梯子 ladder GHl *pʰɯː ɓaː¹
1601 () cry (chicken) *Ciɦəːn *Ciɣəːn hɯan⁴
1602 hoof *C-leːʔ *C-lɛːʔ [kaːw⁵]
1603 hoof CHl *tçʰiːnʔ
1604 hoof NWCHl *sʰiːp
1605 剃頭 shave head ECHl *pʰaːw [tʰəːŋ¹]
1606 剃頭 shave head NECHl *ɾjiːnɦ
1607 sky *fʰaːʔ *faːʔ [vuəj¹]
1608 wet field *hnaːɦ *naːɦ tow⁴
1609 田埂 field dike *Ciɦəːn *Ciɣəːn hɯan⁴
1610 田埂 field dike *hnaːɦ *naːɦ tow⁴
1611 田雞 frog (Hoplobatrachus rugulosus) *hŋɯːɦ *ŋɯːɦ ŋaj¹
1612 田雞 frog (Hoplobatrachus rugulosus) Qi *sʰiːt tiːp⁷
1613 田雞 frog (Hoplobatrachus rugulosus) NCHl *ʔɯp
1614 () wild field *ʔəŋ *ʔəŋ ʔuaŋ¹
1615 sweet *ɗ[e]ːŋ *Cəʔd[ɛ]ːŋ
1616 甜瓜 muskmelon (Cucumis melo) *ʔəj *ʔəj
1617 fill with earth *C-lɯːp *C-lɯːp
1618 fill with earth Run *m-lom
1619 lick *hljiːmɦ *Ciliːmɦ [ɬeːp⁸]
1620 lick NCHl *C-liːmɦ
1621 lick NCHl *C-ɲiːmɦ
1622 pick out (thorn) *[ʈʂ/tç]hɯnɦ *[ʈ/c]ɯnɦ [tɔk⁷]
1623 carry on *ʈʂhaːp *ʈaːp tɔːp⁹
1624 burden clf. *fʰiːk *fiːk pia⁹
1625 pants clf. *Ciɦaːɦ *Ciɣaːɦ tɯj¹
1626 skirt clf. *[ɾ/hr]juːt *Ci[d/r]uːt
1627 / long/thin clf. *ɗənɦ *Cəʔdənɦ tiən¹
1628 調皮 naughty *C-naː *C-naː now¹
1629 調皮 naughty *hnəːŋ *nəːŋ naː¹
1630 調皮 naughty GHl *hljəj
1631 jump *tçuːnʔ *Cəʔɟuːnʔ tsuən¹
1632 跳躍 leap *pʰit *pit [ɗet⁷]
1633 跳蚤 flea *hməːt *məːt [taw¹pow⁴]
1634 stick to *pʰək *pək pʰak⁷
1635 iron *hrəːj *rəːj kuj¹
1636 鐵鏟 iron shovel *[ʈʂ/tç]hɛːwʔ *[ʈ/c]ɛːwʔ
1637 鐵鏟 iron shovel CHl *tʰeːw
1638 鐵鍬 spade *hljaːwɦ *Cilaːwɦ zaːw⁴
1639 listen *m-lɯː *m-lɯː [ŋej²]
1640 listen NWCHl *hljiːŋɦ
1641 聽說 hear it said GHl *hliːŋ [ŋej²vɯːn⁴]
1642 stop (turn off) *C-ŋaːc *C-ŋaːc ŋaːt⁹
1643 same *ɗuŋ *Cəʔduŋ ɗaːŋ²
1644 同伴 companion *tʰəːŋʔ *təːŋʔ [tʰaw¹kʰoŋ¹]
1645 copper *ɗuːŋ *Cəʔduːŋ tuːŋ¹
1646 hurt *tçʰok *[ʈ/c]ok taːk⁹
1647 童山 bare hill *kiŋ *Cəʔgiŋ
1648 steal *hljok *Cilok tsaːk⁸
1649 偷聽 overhear *pʰəːk *pəːk pʰɔk⁷
1650 head *Cuhrəwʔ *Curəwʔ kiːw¹
1651 頭髮 hair (head) *hnom *nom tiəm³
1652 頭髮 hair (head) ECHl *ɗənɦ
1653 頭髮 hair (head) NCHl *Cuɦun
1654 頭髮 hair (head) NCHl *ɾom
1655 頭髮 hair (head) *Cuhrəwʔ *Curəwʔ kiːw¹
1656 頭虱 head louse *Cuʈʂhuː *Cuʈuː taw¹
1657 protrude GHl *ɗunʔ ɗɯːn¹
1658 塗抹 erase *C-niːnɦ *C-niːnɦ [meːk⁹]
1659 塗抹 erase Qi *Cuhraːt
1660 塗抹 erase Run *ʔeːt
1661 spit silk *C-wunʔ *C-wunʔ [ʔɔŋ¹]
1662 吐痰 to spit *pʰ[w]iɦ *p[w]iɦ pʰiː¹
1663 吐奶 spit up (milk) *ɓɯnɦ *Cəʔbɯnɦ [ʔak⁷]
1664 push *C-ɲuːnɦ *C-ɲuːnɦ
1665 leg, thigh GHl *fh[a]ːŋɦ [hɔːk⁹]
1666 leg, thigh CHl *ɦaː
1667 swallow GHl *Ciʔəːmɦ [kuat¹⁰]
1668 臀部 buttock *ɓiŋɦ *Cəʔbiŋɦ
1669 臀部 buttock Qi *C-m[a]ːk [pʰaŋ⁵]
1670 臀部 buttock Qi *ɦaːjʔ hɯaj²
1671 臀部 buttock NECHl *tçʰiː
1672 take off *hljaːwɦ *Cilaːwɦ [tsuət¹⁰]
1673 take off Run *hljuc
1674 shed *C-ləɲʔ *C-ləɲʔ
1675 shed *kuːɲ *Cəʔguːɲ [pun¹]
1676 駝背 hunchback NCHl *ɦomɦ [kɔŋ¹ku⁴]
1677 駝背 hunchback GHl *hroŋɦ [kɔːm¹]
1678 駝背 hunchback NWCHl *tçʰɯnʔ
1679 駝背 hunchback Run *hwəːn
1680 armspan *hlaːnɦ *laːnɦ [tʰuət⁸]
1681 唾沫 saliva *C-nəmʔ *C-nəmʔ naːm¹
1682 唾沫 saliva *hləːj *ləːj ɬɯj⁴
1683 dig hole *Ciɦut *Ciɣut [taw¹]
1684 dig hole Meifu *kʰɯːt
1685 dig hole *ɓənɦ *Cəʔbənɦ
1686 dig with knife *ɓəwɦ *Cəʔbəwɦ [hɔk⁸]
1687 dig out CHl *kʰuj [taw¹]
1688 tile GHl *fʰ[a]ːŋ
1689 tile CHl *tʰəw
1690 outside *hljɯːn *Cilɯːn [lɔːw⁴]
1691 outside Run *hljiːnʔ
1692 外祖父 mother’s father *ʈʂhaːʔ *ʈaːʔ təː¹
1693 外祖母 mother’s mother *hnaːʔ *naːʔ nɔː⁴
1694 外孫 maternal grandson *hlɯːk *lɯːk ɬiək⁸
1695 外孫 maternal grandson *ʈʂhaːʔ *ʈaːʔ təː¹
1696 crooked, curved *Ciʔut *Ciʔut ʔuːt⁹
1697 crooked, curved CHl *hwəːŋɦ vɔːŋ⁵
1698 完結 end *ɓaːjʔ *Cəʔbaːjʔ pɯj⁵
1699 完結 end NECHl *ɓəːjʔ
1700 完盡 finish *m-lunɦ *m-lunɦ
1701 完盡 finish NECHl *ɾiːt
1702 完整 complete *C-muːŋʔ *C-muːŋʔ
1703 play *hrjɯːk *Cirɯːk [liaw¹]
1704 play Run *ʔuːŋʔ
1705 玩弄 dally *C-ɲaːm *C-ɲaːm [tsum¹]
1706 玩耍 play GHl *Cuɦəːŋ [liaw¹]
1707 玩耍 play Run *ʔuːŋʔ
1708 evening *tçʰəp *[c/ç]əp tsʰɔːp⁹
1709 晚飯 dinner GHl *hŋəwɦ [tʰow¹]
1710 晚飯 dinner GHl *fʰən tsʰɔːp⁹
1711 晚上 evening *hmiːʔ *hmiːʔ [kɯ²]
1712 晚上 evening *tçʰəp *[c/ç]əp tsʰɔːp⁹
1713 bowl, basin *Cuʔaːw *Cuʔaːw [laːk⁹]
1714 碗櫥 cupboard *tçaːnɦ *Cəʔɟaːnɦ [kaːn⁵]
1715 碗櫥 cupboard *Cuʔaːw *Cuʔaːw [tʰow¹]
1716 net *hrəːjʔ *rəːjʔ [piw¹]
1717 網袋 net bag *ɗaːjʔ [*Cəʔdaːjʔ]
1718 忘記 forget *C-lɯːmɦ *C-lɯːmɦ [ŋɔm³]
1719 simmer CHl *m-lomʔ tʰum⁴
1720 surround GHl *kuːŋɦ ʔuj
1721 surround CHl *tʰuːk
1722 尾巴 tail *tçʰuc *[c/ç]uc tsʰuət⁹
1723 to feed *ɓuːɦ *Cəʔbuːɦ foː⁴
1724 紋面 tattoo face *C-ŋuː *C-ŋuː ŋaw⁵
1725 紋面 tattoo face NECHl *ɓəwɦ
1726 紋面 tattoo face NECHl *hwət [tɯp⁸]
1727 蚊帳 mosquito net *hrəːjʔ *rəːjʔ
1728 蚊帳 mosquito net *C-ɲuːŋ *C-ɲuːŋ
1729 蚊子 mosquito *C-ɲuːŋ *C-ɲuːŋ tsʰak⁷
1730 瘟疫 epidemic *hluːnʔ *luːnʔ tsaj¹
1731 瘟疫 epidemic Qi *tçəj
1732 瘟疫 epidemic Run *kəːj
1733 smell *ɦaːj *C-ɣaːj huəj⁴
1734 smell NCHl *Ciɦəːj
1735 kiss *ɾjuːc *Ci[d/ɖ]uːc tsuət⁹
1736 kiss NECHl *[h/ʔ]juːnʔ
1737 kiss *tʰəːŋʔ *təːŋʔ tʰaː¹
1738 ask GHl *hraːm kɔː¹
1739 蜗牛 snail *tçʰiː *[c/ç]iː tsʰaj¹
1740 蜗牛 snail *C-ɲaːmʔ *C-ɲaːmʔ [vuəj⁴]
1741 蜗牛 snail Meifu *fʰaːʔ
1742 nest *ɾuːk *C-[d/ɖ]uːk luːʔ⁸
1743 I *ɦuː *C-ɣuː [kaw¹]
1744 我們 we (excl.) CHl *fʰəw [ʔaw¹]
1745 我們 we (excl.) Run *fʰɯː
1746 烏龜 turtle *tʰuːɦ *tuːɦ ɗaːw¹
1747 烏鴉 crow *ʔaːk *ʔaːk ʔɯː⁵
1748 污垢 filth CHl *kʰiː
1749 污垢 filth CHl *tʰaːmʔ
1750 污垢 filth *C-nɯnɦ *C-nɯnɦ nɯa¹
1751 巫婆 witch *hmɯːŋ *mɯːŋ [tsʰua⁵]
1752 巫婆 witch Run *C-l[a]ːk
1753 吳蚣 centipede *ɾiːp *C-[d/ɖ]iːp lip⁸[pow⁴]
1754 five *hmaː *maː puː⁴
1755 cover mouth with hand *pʰɯːm *pɯːm pʰɔːm¹
1756 fog *Cuɦəːn *Cuɣəːn
1757 fog CHl *hŋaːwʔ kɔːw⁴
1758 西 west GHl *pʰəjʔ
1759 西 west GHl *tʰɯːʔ
1760 西 west *pʰəjʔ *pəjʔ
1761 西 west Run *fʰ[a]ːŋ
1762 西 west *hŋwən *ŋwən
1763 西 west Qi *ʈʂhaː
1764 西 west *tʰok *tok
1765 吸氣 inhale *hwɯp *wɯp [tan¹]
1766 吸氣 inhale NECHl *tçuːt
1767 tin *hlaːk *laːk [ɬap⁸ɬiən²]
1768 熄滅 extinguish GHl *tçəp tsep⁷
1769 膝蓋 knee *Cuhrəwʔ *Curəwʔ [tʰɔk⁹]
1770 膝蓋 knee *ɾuː *C-[d/ɖ]uː luː⁴
1771 蟋蟀 cricket *hmiːʔ *miːʔ [kɯ²]
1772 蟋蟀 cricket *Cuɾuːŋʔ *Cu[d/ɖ]uːŋʔ fuəŋ⁴
1773 蟋蟀 cricket NECHl *kit
1774 習慣 accustomed *ɾaːjɦ *C-[d/ɖ]aːjɦ
1775 蓆草 mat grass (Cyperus spp.) GHl *hrjiːwʔ [ləːp⁷]
1776 蓆草 mat grass (Cyperus spp.) Qi *hmiːwʔ
1777 蓆子 mat GHl *thɯ:k tsiək⁸
1778 wash *ʔuːt *ʔuːt ʔuət⁹
1779 wash NCHl *[ç]aːwʔ
1780 wash CHl *Cuhrəːj
1781 wash (clothes) CHl *kʰɯːp
1782 wash (head) *sʰəːk *səːk tsʰaː⁵
1783 洗澡 bathe *ʔaːp *ʔaːp ʔɯp⁹
1784 喜鵲 magpie *sʰəc *səc [nɔːk⁹]
1785 喜鵲 magpie CHl *C-ɲaːmʔ [luət⁸]
1786 喜鵲 magpie CHl *hrjuːt
1787 thin *ʔuːt *ʔuːt [ɲəːp⁸]
1788 sip *tçʰɯp *[c/ç]ɯp [tsem⁴]
1789 sip Run *ɾjuːt
1790 shrimp *Cuɾaːŋ *Cu[d/ɖ]aːŋ [ʔɔː⁵]
1791 shrimp CHl *hmɯːmɦ
1792 blind *m-laːw *m-laːw [kʰiw¹]
1793 descend *ʈʂhuːʔ *ʈuːʔ
1794 descend *C-luːj *C-luːj
1795 descend CHl *ɾjəw [taːw¹]
1796 下巴 chin *ɦaːŋ *C-ɣaːŋ [tsʰɔːŋ¹]
1797 下飯 go with (food) *ʔuːɲ *ʔuːɲ [ɲin⁴]
1798 下面 bottom *pʰəjʔ *pəjʔ
1799 下面 bottom *Cuʈʂhəw *Cuʈəw taːw¹
1800 下去 go down *C-luːj *C-luːj
1801 下去 go down Qi *hluːj
1802 下去 go down CHl *ɾjəw [taːw¹]
1803 summer *C-ɲaːn *C-ɲaːn [pu⁴nəm⁴]
1804 summer *hnaːɦ *naːɦ
1805 summer CHl *sʰiːt
1806 first *kʰuːnɦ *[k/x]uːnɦ
1807 first *ɦuːnɦ *C-ɣuːnɦ
1808 salty *Cuɦaːnʔ *Cuɣaːnʔ [taŋ²]
1809 hold in mouth *C-ŋaːn *C-ŋaːn ŋuən¹
1810 clam *tçʰiː *[c/ç]iː tsʰaj¹
1811 clam GHl *ɓənɦ [pow⁴]
1812 陷井 pitfall trap *C-luːŋ *C-luːŋ
1813 陷井 pitfall trap Qi *fʰ[a]ːŋʔ tʰuəŋ⁴
1814 陷井 pitfall trap NECHl *tçʰuːŋʔ
1815 陷落 to cave in *pʰuːŋ *puːŋ [tsuk⁸]
1816 陷落 to cave in Qi *hljut
1817 陷落 to cave in NECHl *hlom
1818 羨慕 envy CHl *ɾjaːk
1819 羨慕 envy *C-ŋaːjɦ *C-ŋaːjɦ ŋaːj¹[tow¹]
1820 相同 same GHl *ɗuŋ
1821 相同 same *tʰəːŋʔ *təːŋʔ
1822 相信 believe *tçʰim *[c/ç]im
1823 相信 believe Run *tçɯːŋɦ
1824 fragrant *tʰuːnɦ *tuːnɦ [hɔːŋ¹]
1825 香菇 mushroom *ɗit *Cəʔdit tsʰaŋ¹
1826 香菇 mushroom Qi *[ʈʂ/tç]həŋʔ
1827 香菇 mushroom GHl *tçʰinʔ
1828 inlay GHl *m-lom [luən²]
1829 sound *ɾəːŋ *C-[d/ɖ]əːŋ huː¹
1830 向著 toward *tçok *Cəʔɟok
1831 項鍊 necklace GHl *hŋiːw kew⁴
1832 項圈 necklet *kʰim *kim [tuəj²]
1833 項圈 necklet CHl *hŋən
1834 項圈 necklet CHl *kʰiːnʔ
1835 resemble GHl *ɗuŋ ɗaŋ¹
1836 peel *hliːt *liːt
1837 peel Qi *pʰaːt [pʰəːk⁹]
1838 peel NCHl *pʰinʔ
1839 peel *ɦuːt *C-ɣuːt
1840 peel *kʰuɲ *[k/x]uɲ
1841 peel *C-lɯnɦ *C-lɯnɦ [luːt⁷]
1842 peel NECHl *C-ləːnɦ
1843 消除 eliminate *fʰut *fut pʰok⁷
1844 small GHl *ʔinɦ təːk⁸
1845 small CHl *hnok
1846 小姑子 husband’s sister *hruːŋ *ruːŋ
1847 小姑子 husband’s sister *hjuː *juː [fiː⁴]
1848 小孩 child *hlɯːk *lɯːk ɬiək⁸
1849 小孩 child Qi *ɗiʔ
1850 小孩 child *C-lik *C-lik [lat⁷]
1851 小米 millet *fʰaːŋʔ *faːŋʔ pɯa¹
1852 小腿 calf (of leg) *hrjinʔ *Cirinʔ tsin⁴
1853 小姨子 wife’s younger sister *hruːŋ *ruːŋ
1854 小姨子 wife’s younger sister GHl *hjəwʔ [miː⁴]
1855 laugh *hrjaːw *Ciraːw tsuː⁴
1856 斜靠 recline *Cuŋaː *Cuŋaː [ʔua⁵]
1857 鞋子 shoes *kəːmʔ *Cəʔgəːmʔ [ləm⁵]
1858 write, draw GHl *tʰaːjʔ
1859 write, draw NECHl *hwaːjʔ
1860 洩氣 discouraged *fʰiwɦ *fiwɦ
1861 heart GHl *Cuɦəːk
1862 心臟 heart (body) GHl *hlaːwʔ tsʰiaːw¹
1863 new *hmaːn *maːn [ɬaw⁴]
1864 new CHl *C-nəwʔ
1865 囟門 fontanel *ʋɯnɦ *C-bɯnɦ [naː⁵]
1866 囟門 fontanel NECHl *hwuː
1867 星星 star *ɾaːw *C-[d/ɖ]aːw [tsap⁷tsin⁵]
1868 smelly *ɦaːj *C-ɣaːj huəj⁴
1869 smelly NCHl *Ciɦəːj
1870 smelly *kʰaːw *[k/x]aːw huː¹
1871 awaken *hlɯːn *lɯːn [tsʰeːt⁹]
1872 awaken CHl *pʰuj
1873 凶兆 bad omen *hwiːn *wiːn viːn¹
1874 胸膛 chest *fʰənʔ *fənʔ pan¹[tsaj⁴]
1875 bear *C-muj *C-muj muj⁴
1876 休息 rest GHl *ʈʂhɯːk [ʔaːw¹]
1877 休息 rest Qi *tçɯː
1878 休息 rest Run *kʰuːɦ
1879 修理 fix *ɾiːmɦ *C-[d/ɖ]iːmɦ
1880 修理 fix NECHl *ɓiːn
1881 袖子 sleeve *kʰiːn *[k/x]iːn [tɯːn¹]
1882 袖子 sleeve *ʋ[e]ːŋʔ *C-b[ɛ]ːŋʔ voː⁴
1883 蓄水 retain water *C-luŋ *C-luŋ [ŋat⁷]
1884 蓄水 retain water CHl *C-ləːŋ
1885 旋轉 turn *hŋaːjʔ *ŋaːjʔ [van¹]
1886 選擇 choose GHl *hləɲ tsɔn⁴
1887 ringworm ECHl *C-leːmɦ leːm⁵
1888 ringworm NECHl *kuːŋʔ
1889 blood *hlaːc *laːc ɬuət⁸
1890 燻肉 smoke meat *[ʈʂ/tç]huːɦ *[ʈ/c]uːɦ haːŋ¹
1891 燻肉 smoke meat Qi *Cuɦəːn
1892 尋找 search *k[e]ːk *Cəʔg[ɛ]ːk [liəw²]
1893 尋找 search NWCHl *ɾɯt
1894 尋找 search NECHl *tʰaːwɦ
1895 press *[ʈʂ/tç]həːt *[ʈ/c]əːt [kəm⁵]
1896 press NWCHl *tçʰəːn
1897 duck CHl *ɓit ɓet⁷
1898 牙齒 tooth *fʰjən *Civən tsʰaŋ¹
1899 bud, shoot *ʈʂhaː *ʈaː [tɔk⁷]
1900 bud, shoot NWCHl *ɾəːŋ
1901 dumb, mute *C-ŋom *C-ŋom ŋɔːm¹
1902 smoke (tobacco) *h[l]jɯːk *[Cil/j]ɯːk tsoː¹
1903 smoke (tobacco) CHl *hjaː
1904 smoke (tobacco) NCHl *Cuɦəːn
1905 烟子 soot *ɗiːk *Cəʔdiːk tiː²
1906 flood *ʋəc *C-bəc [muan⁴]
1907 castrate *ɗɯːn *Cəʔdɯːn ɬɯŋ⁴
1908 pickle GHl *C-məːŋ mɔːŋ⁵
1909 pickle Run *C-moŋɦ
1910 沿著 along *C-niːnʔ *C-niːnʔ
1911 沿著 along NWCHl *Cuhruː
1912 salt *C-ɲaːwʔ *C-ɲaːwʔ nɔːw⁴
1913 ape *Cuɾiː *Cu[d/ɖ]iː [viən⁴vɯat⁹]
1914 眼睛 eye *ʈʂhaː *ʈaː tow¹
1915 眼淚 tears *C-nəmʔ *C-nəmʔ naːm¹
1916 眼淚 tears *ʈʂhaː *ʈaː tow¹
1917 seedling *fʰjən *Civən tsʰan¹
1918 sheep *hjaːŋ *jaːŋ tsɯːʔ⁷
1919 face upward *C-laː *C-laː [tsaːm⁴]
1920 仰望 look up at CHl *hŋəɰʔ ŋəj⁴
1921 itch GHl *kʰom kʰam¹
1922 waist *Ciɦəw *Ciɣəw [ɬam²]
1923 waist Meifu *ɦəw
1924 waist *Ciɦaːɦ *Ciɣaːɦ zow⁴
1925 waist NWCHl *tçʰɯn
1926 妖怪 monster GHl *hwəːt vɯat⁹
1927 妖怪 monster CHl *ʈʂhəːj
1928 妖怪 monster GHl *ʔɯːŋ [ʔuəj¹]
1929 shake *hɲoŋɦ *ɲoŋɦ ɲuəŋ⁴
1930 搖籃 cradle *ʔuː *ʔuː ʔəːj¹
1931 bite GHl *hŋaːɲʔ ɗaːn¹
1932 ladle *ɗok *Cəʔdok ɗɔːk⁹
1933 ladle NCHl *kʰəwʔ
1934 ladle Run *Cuʔəːk
1935 ladle CHl *ɓə:k [hiːw¹]
1936 medicine *hjaː *jaː tsoː¹
1937 want *ɗɯː *Cəʔdɯː lɔː⁵
1938 鷂鷹 hawk *hrinɦ *rinɦ [pʰat⁷]
1939 椰子 coconut *Ciʔunɦ *Ciʔunɦ [pɔː⁵tsʰuək⁷]
1940 椰子 coconut NECHl *hj[a]ːŋɦ
1941 also *C-ŋəɲ *C-ŋəɲ
1942 野雞 pheasant *kʰəj *[k/x]əj kʰaj¹
1943 野雞 pheasant *sʰuːn *suːn tsʰuən¹
1944 野貓 wildcat *C-miːwɦ *C-miːwɦ [ɲaːw⁵]
1945 野貓 wildcat GHl *sʰuːn tsʰuən¹
1946 野薯 yam *Cuŋaː *Cuŋaː ŋow¹
1947 野薯 yam NWCHl *hŋwəːj
1948 野薯 yam *C-muːŋ *C-muːŋ mɔːn¹tsʰuən¹
1949 野薯 yam Run *C-mən
1950 野性 wilderness *hljiːw *Ciliːw tsiːw⁴
1951 野豬 wild boar *C-ləc *C-ləc [pəj⁴tsʰuən¹]
1952 葉子 leaf *ɓɯː *Cəʔbɯː piː¹
1953 夜盲 night-blind *ɾom *C-[d/ɖ]om pɯː¹
1954 夜盲 night-blind Qi *hmɯːŋʔ
1955 夜盲 night-blind CHl *ʈʂhaː tow¹
1956 夜盲 night-blind CHl *kʰəj kʰaj¹
1957 armpit GHl *kʰaː [taw¹]
1958 armpit CHl *tçʰuːŋʔ
1959 armpit *C-ŋiːʔ *C-ŋiːʔ [tsəːj⁴]
1960 one *tçʰɯːʔ *[c/ç]ɯːʔ
1961 one *Cɯ[ʔ/ɦ] kɯ²
1962 一起 together *ɓɯːɦ *Cəʔbɯːɦ [paːk⁹]
1963 一十 group of ten *hmun *mun lem¹puŋ⁴
1964 醫治 heal *hjaː *jaː
1965 依靠 lean on GHl *C-məːŋɦ [ʔua²kʰaw¹]
1966 姨父 mother’s elder sister’s husband *[ʈʂ/tç]hejʔ *[c/ç]əjʔ tsʰaːj¹
1967 姨父 mother’s elder sister’s husband *fʰɯː *fɯː paː¹
1968 姨母 father’s younger sister *hŋiːn *ŋiːn ŋiən²
1969 姨母 mother’s elder sister *hmiː *miː [fiː⁴]
1970 已經 already *ɓaːjʔ *Cəʔbaːjʔ
1971 已經 already *ɓəːjʔ *NECHlː
1972 overflow *ɓaːɦ *Cəʔbaːɦ pɔː¹
1973 overflow Run *ʋaːɦ
1974 cloudy *C-ŋɯːm *C-ŋɯːm kum⁴
1975 cloudy CHl *hŋomʔ
1976 cloudy NCHl *C-ŋomʔ
1977 silver *hŋən *ŋən kuən⁴
1978 銀元 silver coin *hŋən *ŋən kuən⁴
1979 銀元 silver coin *kʰaːw1 *[k/x]aːw1
1980 to lead *C-ɦuɲ *C-ɣun luəj²
1981 to lead ECHl *hrujʔ
1982 引火 ignite *tçip *Cəʔɟip [ɲin²]
1983 引火 ignite CHl *C-ŋaːnʔ
1984 引誘 tempt *C-lok *C-lok
1985 引誘 tempt CHl *C-luːk
1986 鸚鵡 parrot (green) *ɗeːwɦ *Cəʔdɛːw
1987 鸚鵡 parrot (black) *tçuːŋɦ *Cəʔɟuːŋɦ tsuaŋ⁵
1988 eagle *C-ŋaːw *C-ŋaːw [vej²]
1989 螢火蟲 firefly *kuːc *Cəʔguːc
1990 螢火蟲 firefly *lip *C-lip [tsap⁹]
1991 螢火蟲 firefly GHl *C-ləŋʔ [tsin⁵]
1992 螢火蟲 firefly CHl *C-laːj
1993 影子 shadow *[ʋ/hw]ɯː *[C-b/w]ɯː [tɯa¹]
1994 影子 shadow Qi *hjəwʔ
1995 影子 shadow NCHl *Ciɦəːwʔ
1996 hard *tçʰəːnʔ *[c/ç]əːnʔ [ləːw⁴]
1997 游泳 swim *m-liː *m-liː [lɔn¹]
1998 have *tçuːɦ *Cəʔɟuːɦ
1999 have *ɗuːk *Cəʔduːk tɔk⁹
2000 have Run *ɗəːk
2001 again *C-lomʔ *C-lomʔ
2002 again NECHl *C-ləmʔ
2003 right *pʰəjʔ *pəjʔ pʰaːj⁵
2004 right Run *fʰ[a]ːŋ
2005 right CHl *hninɦ [pet¹⁰]
2006 柚子 pomelo *ɓom *Cəʔbom ɓuəŋ⁵
2007 瘀血 bruise GHl *[ʈʂ/tç]həmʔ [ʔjaːm¹]
2008 瘀血 bruise GHl *hlaːc ɬuət⁸
2009 fish *hlaː *laː ɬow⁴
2010 魚籠 fish cage *C-liːk *C-liːk [ɓaːw¹]
2011 魚鰭 fins *hwik *wik [pʰiː⁵]
2012 rain GHl *fʰun pɔŋ¹
2013 語言 language *tʰun *tun [ɗat⁹]
2014 玉米 corn Qi *fʰ[a]ːŋʔ
2015 玉米 corn CHl *tçaːjʔ [mɯaj¹]
2016 芋頭 taro *hraːk *raːk kɯː⁵
2017 round *Cuɦom *Cuɣom [laːw¹]
2018 round NCHl *Cuʔom
2019 far *C-ləj *C-ləj laj¹
2020 願意 willing *ɗ[e]ːŋ *Cəʔd[ɛ]ːŋ
2021 month *C-ɲaːn *C-ɲaːn nuən¹
2022 月初 beginning of month *Cuhrəwʔ *Curəwʔ nuən¹
2023 月初 beginning of month *C-ɲaːn *C-ɲaːn
2024 月亮 moon *C-ɲaːn *C-ɲaːn nuən¹
2025 岳父 father-in-law *pʰaːʔ *paːʔ
2026 岳父 father-in-law *hnəːŋ *nəːŋ [tsʰaːj¹]
2027 岳母 mother-in-law *hmiːʔ *miːʔ
2028 岳母 mother-in-law *hnəːŋ *nəːŋ [ŋiən²]
2029 cloud CHl *ɗ[a]ːk
2030 cloud GHl *fʰaːʔ pow¹
2031 孕穗 rice plant with seed *C-miːnʔ *C-miːnʔ miːn¹
2032 tie tightly *sʰiːɦ *siːɦ [ləːw⁴]
2033 tie tightly Qi *fʰəːt
2034 tie tightly NWCHl *C-ŋəːnʔ
2035 slaughter *[C-]miːk *C-miːk [tsɛː²]
2036 slaughter CHl *ɦəwʔ
2037 咱們 we (incl.) *hruː *ruː [tej¹]
2038 贊揚 praise *hwəj *wəj [tsəŋ⁴]
2039 鑿子 awl *ɓənɦ *Cəʔbənɦ [tsʰiːw⁵]
2040 early *kaːwʔ *Cəʔgaːwʔ [puət⁸]
2041 早晨 morning GHl *kaːwʔ [ziaw⁴]
2042 早晨 morning *ɗom *Cəʔdom [hɔm⁴]
2043 早晨 morning NCHl *hwaːnʔ
2044 stove *tçʰiːn *ciːn tsʰiːn¹
2045 stove *sʰuːʔ *suːʔ tsʰaːw¹
2046 thief *ɓuj *Cəʔbuj fuj⁴
2047 怎樣 how GHl *ɗuŋ leŋ⁵
2048 怎樣 how *ɾaː *C-[d/ɖ]aː laːj⁴
2049 曾祖父 paternal great grandfather *pʰut *put [pəːw⁴tuən⁴]
2050 曾祖母 paternal great grandmother *tçɯt *Cəʔɟɯt [tsə²tuən⁴]
2051 增加 increase GHl *C-maː
2052 渣滓 dregs GHl *ɗ[a]ːk tɯː⁵
2053 handspan *Cuɦɯp *Cuɣɯp hɔːp⁸
2054 眨眼 wink GHl *C-lip liap⁷
2055 眨眼 wink Run *C-ɲiːp
2056 蚱蜢 grasshopper *hmiːʔ *miːʔ ʔet⁷laːw³
2057 蚱蜢 grasshopper *kit *Cəʔgit [luj⁵]
2058 蚱蜢 grasshopper CHl *hnɯːk
2059 to pick *ɾuː *C-[d/ɖ]uː luː⁴
2060 to pick GHl *C-luːʔ
2061 to pick NWCHl *hŋ[a]ːk
2062 to pick Run *ɾɯə
2063 narrow *ɓiːp *Cəʔbiːp [viːn⁵]
2064 stick GHl *kʰaːt [kʰan⁵]
2065 stand *tçuːn *Cəʔɟuːn tsʰuːn¹
2066 flat clf. *ʋənʔ *C-bənʔ viən⁴
2067 長大 grow up *C-luŋ *C-luŋ loː¹
2068 招待 serve *ɗaːjɦ *Cəʔdaːjɦ ɗaːj⁵
2069 招待 serve Run *[ʈʂ/tç]hɯːʔ
2070 著火 catch fire *tʰəŋ *təŋ [nɯən⁴]
2071 照料 take care of *ʔuːŋɦ *ʔuːŋɦ [luːj²]
2072 sting *[ʈʂ/tç]həːŋʔ *[ʈ/c]əːŋʔ [ɗaːn⁴]
2073 sting Run *C-ɲəj
2074 遮羞布 underwear *fʰiːnɦ *fiːnɦ piən¹
2075 遮蓋 cover (tracks) *fʰəːŋɦ *fəːŋɦ [tiəm⁵]
2076 遮蓋 cover (tracks) NCHl *hmiːŋɦ
2077 折樹枝 bend (branch) GHl *C-ŋuːt [pua⁵]
2078 折樹枝 break (branch) *tçʰəːk *[c/ç]əːk
2079 折樹枝 break (branch) Run *tçʰiːk
2080 折疊 fold *C-muːn *C-muːn maːn¹
2081 this *C-niːɦ *C-niːɦ nɛj⁵
2082 這樣 this way *ɗuŋ *Cəʔduŋ [leŋ⁵]
2083 這樣 this way *C-niːɦ *C-niːɦ nɛː⁵
2084 鷓鴣 partridge (Francolinus pintadeanus) *tʰaːnʔ *taːnʔ ɗaːn⁵
2085 needle *hŋuc *ŋuc kuət⁸
2086 true CHl *ɗət [paːt⁹]
2087 砧板 chopping block CHl *tʰimɦ [taːŋ¹]
2088 pour out *tçoːɦ *Cəʔɟoːɦ [ɬɔm²]
2089 rest head *Cuŋaːn *Cuŋaːn ŋuən¹
2090 枕頭 pillow *Cuŋaːn *Cuŋaːn ŋuən¹
2091 枕頭 pillow *Cuhrəwʔ *Curəwʔ kiːw¹
2092 爭奪 compete for *C-ɲaːw *C-ɲaːw [kiəp⁷]
2093 睜眼 open eyes GHl *C-ləŋʔ ləːŋ¹
2094 steam *Ciʔunɦ *Ciʔunɦ tsun¹
2095 steam Meifu *ʔunɦ
2096 正面 front GHl *hrəːm [haj²]
2097 正面 front *ɗəŋ *Cəʔdəŋ [mɯa⁵]
2098 正午 high noon *ʈʂhaː *ʈaː
2099 正午 high noon *hməjʔ *NCHl
2100 正午 high noon *hŋwən *ŋwən [ɗuən⁵]
2101 正午 high noon GHl *ɗəŋɦ
2102 pen clf. *pʰuːnʔ *puːnʔ ɓuən¹
2103 () chicken clf. *C-ləŋ *C-ləŋ tɔŋ¹
2104 livestock clf. *hmən *mən puən⁴
2105 芝麻 sesame *hŋɯː *ŋɯː [tiaw⁴]
2106 芝麻 sesame Qi *hɲɯːn
2107 branch *kʰaː *[k/x]aː kʰow¹
2108 知道 know *kʰuːŋ *[k/x]uːŋ [min⁴]
2109 知道 know Meifu *kʰuŋ
2110 知道 know *Cuhrɯː *Curɯː [ɗuəj⁵]
2111 知道 know CHl *hmɯːʔ
2112 weave (fabric) *Cuʈʂhɯːk *Cuʈɯːk taːk⁹
2113 weave (net) *kʰuːt *[k/x]uːt [tsʰaː¹]
2114 織布機 loom *ʈʂhəj *ʈəj tsʰaj¹
2115 織布機 loom *Cuʈʂhɯːk *Cuʈɯːk taːk⁹
2116 point *sʰɯːʔ *sɯːʔ tsej¹
2117 point Meifu *sʰɯː
2118 指甲 fingernail *C-liːp *C-liːp lep⁷
2119 蜘蛛 spider ECHl *[ʈʂ/tç]həp tam¹
2120 蜘蛛 spider ECHl *sʰəp
2121 蜘蛛 spider ECHl *[ʈʂ/tç]hiː taːj⁵
2122 蜘蛛 spider ECHl *sʰaːjɦ
2123 蜘蛛 spider ECHl *kʰomʔ
2124 蜘蛛 spider NECHl *kʰəw
2125 蜘蛛 spider CHl *kʰuːŋ
2126 straight *C-muːc *C-muːc kɯŋ⁵
2127 straight ECHl *kɯŋɦ
2128 nephew GHl *ɬɯːk ɬiək⁸
2129 nephew *fʰɯː *fɯː paː¹
2130 only *C-ɲəːŋ *C-ɲəːŋ
2131 paper *tçʰiəʔ *[c/ç]iəʔ
2132 pheasant GHl *fʰaː fow¹
2133 中間 middle *tʰom *tom
2134 中間 middle Run *tçɯː
2135 swell *ʔun *ʔun fun⁴
2136 a kind of GHl *C-muːɦ
2137 seed *fʰən *Civən tsʰan¹
2138 to plant *Cuhraː *Curaː kɯː¹
2139 heavy *kʰɯn *[k/x]ɯn kʰɔːn¹
2140 gruel *tʰaːɦ *taːɦ tʰow¹
2141 gruel *C-nəmʔ *C-nəmʔ naːm¹
2142 妯娌 brother’s wife *tʰəːŋʔ *təːŋʔ
2143 妯娌 brother’s wife *ɗɯːŋ *Cəʔdɯːŋ [ʔuː¹]
2144 elbow *Ciɦuːŋɦ *Ciɣuːŋɦ tsʰua⁵
2145 咒罵 curse, swear *ɦiːnʔ *C-ɣiːnʔ haː⁴
2146 皺紋 wrinkle *C-ɲit *C-ɲit ɲet⁷
2147 pig *hməw *məw [pəj⁴]
2148 豬油 lard GHl *fʰɯːŋ
2149 竹排 bamboo raft *ɓəj *Cəʔbəj [tɯa¹]
2150 竹箏 bamboo shoot *C-nɯːŋ *C-nɯːŋ naːŋ¹
2151 竹子 bamboo (thin) *C-laːw *C-laːw [təm¹ɓa¹]
2152 竹子 bamboo (big) *ɾəːnɦ *C-[d/ɖ]əːnɦ
2153 竹子 bamboo (big) *ɗom *Cəʔdom təm¹ɗum⁵
2154 竹子 bamboo (big and long) *m-lɯːjɦ *m-lɯːjɦ təm¹luəj⁵
2155 主人 host *ʋaːŋ *C-baːŋ vɯː⁴
2156 to boil (potatoes) *ɾəːŋɦ *C-[d/ɖ]əːŋɦ
2157 to boil (potatoes) *ɓuːʔ *Cəʔbuːʔ
2158 live at *[ɾ/hr]jɯːk *Ci[d/r]ɯːk [liaw¹]
2159 live at NECHl *tçoŋʔ
2160 柱子 pillar *Cuŋəwɦ *Cuŋəwɦ kɯan⁴
2161 柱子 pillar CHl *hŋəːn
2162 cavity *tʰəmʔ *təmʔ [tsiːw⁴]
2163 蛀蟲 moth *Cuɦuː *Cuɣuː haw⁴
2164 turn GHl *Ciʔəj [han²]
2165 turn Run *Ciʔət
2166 裝飾 decorate *ɓiːnɦ *Cəʔbiːnɦ ɓiən⁵
2167 追趕 chase *C-luːjʔ *C-luːjʔ [pʰeːk⁹]
2168 追趕 chase GHl *Cuɦəːn
2169 準備 prepare *hrəp *rəp
2170 catch *hməːk *məːk [haːm¹]
2171 turbid GHl *C-nɯm
2172 turbid *kunɦ *Cəʔgunɦ [huət⁸]
2173 自己 self GHl *pʰaːʔ [na¹]
2174 自己 self GHl *tçɯːʔ [lɔː⁵]
2175 鬃毛 mane GHl *C-ŋiːnɦ [hɔːŋ⁴ŋaj¹]
2176 鬃毛 mane CHl *C-ŋaːk
2177 粽子 rice dumpling *hɲiːt *ɲiːt
2178 go *fʰiː *fiː paj¹
2179 go *tçaːmɦ *Cəʔɟaːmɦ
2180 祖父 grandfather *pʰuːʔ *puːʔ pəːw⁴
2181 祖母 grandmother *tçɯːʔ *Cəʔɟɯːʔ tsəː²
2182 祖宗 ancestor *pʰut *put
2183 祖宗 ancestor *pʰuːʔ *puːʔ pəːw⁴tuən⁴
2184 詛咒 curse *tʰən *tən [ŋam⁵]
2185 to drill *sʰəw *səw [hɔk⁸]
2186 鑽子 drill (n.) *sʰəw *səw
2187 鑽子 drill (n.) Run *hŋuːt
2188 嘴巴 mouth *hməmʔ *məmʔ muəŋ⁴
2189 嘴巴 mouth NCHl *hmomʔ
2190 嘴唇 lips (upper) *sʰunʔ *sunʔ naː¹tsʰuŋ¹
2191 嘴唇 lips (lower) CHl *[ʈʂ/tç]həːj
2192 crime *C-maːʔ *C-maːʔ [tuj⁵]
2193 drunk *hmuj *muj puəj⁴
2194 昨天 yesterday *pʰənʔ *pənʔ pʰɔːn¹
2195 left *pʰəjʔ *pəjʔ haj²
2196 left Run *fʰ[a]ːŋ
2197 left *hwiːŋ *wiːŋ
2198 left NCHl *Cuʔəj
2199 left Qi *Cuɾaːw [huəj⁴]
2200 sit GHl *tçoŋʔ tsiəŋ
2201 do *ʋuːk *C-buːk [leŋ¹]
2202 do Qi *ʋuk
2203 do Run *C-liːɦ

Ostapirat (2004)

[edit]

The following list of Proto-Hlai reconstructions is from Weera Ostapirat (2004).

English gloss Proto-Hlai
arm *kiːnA
armpit *ŋaiA
back *ʔduːnC[1]
beard *(ə)mɨːmC
blood *alaːc
body *ukuːnA
bone *urɨːk
brain *aluːk
chest *apanC
ear *ilaiA
elbow *ikuːŋB
excrement *akaːiC
eye *ataA
fart *(ʔ)tuːt
fat *aRuːiC
finger *iliːŋB
fingernail *liːp
flesh, meat *aRamC
foot *kuk
forehead *daːuA
fist *ugap / *uRap
gall bladder *daiA
hair *ukunA
hand *mɨA
head *uRəuC
heart *alaːuC
intestine *araːiC
knee *aruA
liver *ŋaːnA
lung *gɨuB
mouth *amamC
navel *urɨA
neck *iluŋC
nose *kat
nose, face *(ʔ)daŋA[2]
pus *uRiuC
saliva *aləːiA
shoulder *aʋaB
skin *nəŋA
skin layer *alɨt
stomach *amuk
tongue *aliːnC
tooth *ipanA
urine *(ʔ)duA
waist *ikauA
waist *ikaB
wart *suːC
ant *amuc
ant (red) *ukalC
ape *uriA
bear *muiA
bedbug *gɨp
bird *saC
boar *laC
cat *miːuB
centipede *ariːp
chicken *kaiA
cicada *iRəːiA
clam, snail *ciA
cow *naːuA
crab *(ʔ)bɨuB
crocodile *gaiC
crow, n. *ʔaːk
dog *amaA
egg *ajɨːmA
fish *alaA
flea *amət
fly, n. *awaːŋC
frog (small) *galB
frog (large) *gaːt
gadfly *ilaːk
gills *ŋaːk
hom *akauA
horse *aŋaC
insect, worm *ikanB
leech (land) *ʔtaːk
leech (water) *iliŋA
louse (body) *tanA
louse (head) *utuA
louse (chicken) *ajəuC
louse (dog) *cip
maggot *aŋuiA
monkey *nuk
mosquito *ɲuːŋA
moth *ukuA
moths *(ʔ)tamC
muntjac *ləːiA
nest *aruːk
otter *(ə)naːk
pheasant *upaA
pig *amauA
pig, porcupine *daiA
pigeon, dove *kuA
porcupine *mɨnC
rat *aniuA
scale (fish) *ləp
shell, skin *apaːk
shrimp *uraːŋA
snake *ilaB
sparrow *ʔpac
sparrowhawk *aginB
spur *ikut
tail *cuc
termite *pəluːk
turtle *ʔtɨuB
turtle (soft-shelled) *ʔtɨːp
wasp (small) *tinA
wasp (big) *pəluA
wing *piːk
worm (small) *awiːuB
bamboo *ʔdumA
bamboo *pəlɨːiB
bamboo shoot *nɨːŋA
banana *awaːk
bark *apaːk
beans, peas *ikauA
branch *kaA
branch *ŋaːmB
chaff *iRumA
coconut *iʔunB
cotton *(ʔ)buːiC
field, paddy *anaB
flower *ataːŋA
fruit *atəmA
fruit (flesh) *maːk
ginger *khɨːŋA
gourd *agaːiB
grain (blighted) *aliːp
grass *aŋanC
hemp (wild) *amiːnA
hemp *(ʔ)kaːnA
leaf *bɨA
ashes *sauC
breach *awaːŋB
cloud, sky *apaC
dam *thəmC
dew, frost *aləŋC
dew *aŋaːuC
dike (field) *ikənA
dirt, dust *uranA
drought *araːnB
fire *apiA
fog *ukənA
fog, shadow *aŋaːuC
forest, hill *daːuC
forest *aRaŋA
forest *kəŋA
frost *ilinA
grove *aguŋC
hole, cave *cuːŋC
light (dawn) *ʔdinC
millet *apaːŋC
musk melon *ʔaiA
pineapple *araC
reed *apaːuA
rice (cooked) *taB
rice (polished) *agiA / *aRiA
rice, food *urap
rice, paddy *muc
rice, paddy *muːnC
rice, paddy *amuk
seed *(i)panA
seedlings *awiuA
sprout, n. *ataA / *caA
straw *ŋwiŋC
sugarcane *maːiC
thatch grass *ikaA
thorn *ukɨnC
twig end *ikənC
vine *gac
wood *caːk
yam *manA
yam *muːŋA
lightning *alip
moon *ɲaːnA
mountain *tɨːnA
mountain *ukəuC
mud *pəlaːk
pith *ukaC
rain *apunA
road, path *guːnA
star *araːuA
stone *ciːnA
thunder, noise *arəŋA
trough (pig) *atuA
typhoon *awanB
water *namC
well, pond *awaːŋA
wilderness *iliːuA
wind *awiuA
wind *awət
arrow *ŋət
basket (winnowing) *duŋC
boat *uraA
bow *aʋaC
bowl *uʔaːuA
bowstring *aguA
cloth *dap
comb *saːŋA
cover, n. *aŋət
dregs *daːk
drum *laŋA
earring *awiːŋB
firewood *aŋunC
flute (nose) *iluːnB
gift *agiːmC
handle *ukəuB
hat (bamboo) *alaːŋC
house *arɨːnA
house *pəluŋC
iron *aRəːiC
jacket *aʋaːŋC
knife (pointed) *iliuC
knife, sword *gaC
ladder *ʔpɨA
ladle (gourd) *ukiA
mat *tɨːk
medicine *ajaA
mortar *arauA
needle *aŋuC
net *aRəːiC
pestle *caːk
pillow *ŋaːnA
pole (shoulder) *apiːk
pot *gaiA
pot *ʔtauA
quilt *apaiC
reins *amanA
rope, hemp *dəːiA
salt *ɲaːuC
shelter *ŋauA
shoes *gəmC
shovel *ilaːuB
sieve, n. *irauA
skirt *ariːnC
trap (rat) *ikəp
trap (fish) *liːk
village *upaːnA
village *(ʔ)bauC[3]
wall *ŋat
whetstone *araA
wine *ʔbiːŋB
yeast *ukumA
aunt *(ə)miA
child *alɨːk
female, mother *amaiC
female *(ʔ)kəuB
generation *(ʔ)puːnA
ghost, spirit *awət
grandfather *pauC[4]
grandmother *jalC
great grandfather *(ʔ)put
great grandmother *jɨt
Han *məːiA
husband *alɨA
I *akuA
life, birth *aluA
male (person) *maːnA
male, father *paC
big *luŋA
bitter *akəmA
black *(ʔ)damC
blind *pəlaːuA
clear *alɨːŋC
cold *kaːiB
daily *aRəmA
deaf *alək
deep *alək
disgusting *ʔaːiC
dredge *awaːnC
drown *alumA
drunk *amuiA
dry *kalB
dry *(ʔ)daːuA
dull, stupid *aməːiA
dumb, mute *ŋumA
early *(ʔ)dumA
early *gaːuC
expensive *ʔbaːŋA
far *laiA
male-in-law *ajuA
man, others *ʔaːuA
master *aʋaːŋA
name *paːŋA
omen *awiːnA
person *(ʔ)kunA
people *alaiA
shadow *ikəuC / *ɨu
sibling (younger) *aRuːŋA
soul *ukɨA
taboo *ukəuB
they, others *arauB
thief *(ʔ)buiA
we *aRauA
widow *aməːiC
you *mɨA
new *alaːuC
new *amaːnA
new *nəuC
numb *ananB
old *kauB
old (person) *ajaA
old (thing) *giːnC
poor, end *aʋaːt
raw *uriːp
rich *aʋaːŋA
ripe, cooked *upuiA
rotten *ugaːuC
round *ukumA
rusty *alaːc
salty *ukaːnC
shallow *ʔtɨnC
sharp *cəmA
short (height) *talC
short, brief *(ʔ)tac
sick *(i)tuk
skinny *liC
full, satisfied *ləmA
full *tiːk
gluttonous *laːɲA
good *alinA
green *kiːuA
hard *cənC
heavy *kɨnA
high *paːk
hot *utauC[5]
hungry *aranA
idle *mauC
lame *ikaːŋB
light, a. *kalC
light, thin *(ʔ)dac
long *anaːuC
narrow *(ʔ)biːp
naughty *ilaiA
near *pəlalC
smooth *giːt
soft, fresh *pəlɨːk
sour *upaC
spicy *aRit
straight *muːc
surplus *ilaA
thick *naA
thin *aRɨA
thin, slender *ʔuːt
tight *amənC
ugly *mɨːnA
unwilling *ʔaiC
vast, broad *(ʔ)baːŋA
vertical *arinB
warm *alunB
wet *amanC
white *kaːuA
yellow *ilaːŋA
advance *aluːt
arrange *aRaiA
ascend *kaːnA
ask *ilaiA
ask *agaːmA
bail (water) *awiːt
bathe *ʔaːp
bend, break *ŋuːC
blow away *pəliu⁵
boil, v. *(ʔ)bauC
braid, rub *(ʔ)pac
break *ʔpənC
bum *ʔcuiC
bum, ignite *ʔbaŋA
bury *gumA
buy *atac
carry *awəːiC
carry on pole *ataːp / *caːp
carry on shoulder *(ʔ)biːk
castrate *(ʔ)dɨːnA
change *ilalB
change (clothes) *lauA
chew *saːk
chop *(ʔ)buːŋA
chop *aʋənA
close, vt *alunA
close, shut *ŋat
comb *saːŋA
come *(ə)mɨːnA
come to head *(ʔ)bauA
cook, boil *arəŋA
copula *manA
copula (negation) *ugaiB
cover *apəŋB
cover up *sumA
cross *ikaːmB
crow, v. *ikənA
crow, v. *arəŋA
cut *(ʔ)kiːuB
cut *akuːc
cut up *aliːt
cut, chop *(ʔ)biːuC
desire, want *(ʔ)dɨA[6]
die *alaːuB
discard, let go *(ʔ)pɨːŋC
draw (water) *(ʔ)bək
draw (water) *ʔduk
dream *apanA
drill *sauA
drink *ikaːuA
drive out *luːiC
drown, submerge *awac
dry by fire *aRɨmC
dust, v. *apuːŋC
eavesdrop *pək
exchange *pəlaiA
expose, reveal *ukaːuB
fall down *aluːnB
fall, drop *ʔtuk
fan, winnow *awuŋC
fear *(ʔ)daC
fill *lɨːp
finish *baːiC
fish, v. *aruŋC
fix, erect *ŋap
float, flutter *lit
flow *maːuA
fly, v. *(ʔ)binA
forget *IɨːmB
glue, stick *kaːt
gnaw *ukət
go *akiA
go, walk *apiA
go upstream *janC
grind, pound *luːnA
growl, roar *akuk
hang *ariːŋC
hatch *(ʔ)pək
hatch *muk
hear *pəlɨA
heat *arəmC
herd, graze *tauC
herd *luːt
hide *maɲA
hit, strike *(ʔ)taːiB
hit target *ləmA
hold, grasp *amək
hold in mouth *ŋaːnA
hunt *aRip
hush up *apiːnB
inlay *pəlumA
instruct *ŋanC
join, link *atuːnC / *cuːnC
jump *juːnC
kill *akauC
know *(ʔ)kuːŋA
know *uRɨA
lead *utunA
leak *ikap
leak *araɲA
lie on stomach *ukəmC
lift *ataːmA
look at *iluːiC
make fun of *ukəŋA
mark, v. *pəluːk
mend *ariːmB
nip *daɲC
pull, tow *ajiːt
pull out *(ʔ)kaC
put in *luːC
pick *(ʔ)paC
pick *aŋauA
pileup *agəp
place, put *apat
plait *pəliA
plant, sow *uRaA / *ugaA
plow share *ʔdiːk
pluck *aruA
praise *awaiA
press down *maC
pull *aRiuB
ransom *atəmC
remove *ilaːuB
replant *ʔdap
request *aRaiC
return, vt. *sut
reverse *pəlumA
rise, get up *uʔalB
roll over *pəliːnA
rot *tuiA
run *uRuB
scold *ʔanB
see *laːiC
select *laɲA
sell, exchange *aRiːuC
sew *ɲap
shake, shiver *ɲanA
shout *awuiC
sink *jənA
sip *cɨp / *atɨp
sit *juŋC
sleep *(ə)ŋɨuB
sleep *jənA
sleep, doze off *ŋut
sleep talk *apiŋC
smell, sniff *akaːiA
smoke, vt. *cauB / *atauB
snore *uraːnA
soak *(ʔ)dəmC
soak *aruk
sow *apənB
speak *ariːnA
spew *alaːuA
stand *juːnA
stay *ajauA / *ɨu
steal *iluk
steam *iʔunB
sting *cəŋC / *atəŋC
stir fry *gaːŋA
stop, vi *ŋaːC
store (water) *uraːŋC
suck *iruːC
swallow, v. *iʔəmB
sweep *guC
swim *pəliA
take *ciːuC / *atiːuC
take out *akuc
thread *suk
threaten *ʔɨːŋA
tie *apət
tie, fasten *ŋənB
turn, shift *iʔaiA
twist *ikaɲC
uncover *pəlaB
unfold *uʔaB
vomit *apaːk
wait *(ʔ)tauC
wallow in mud *iʔuŋC
wash *ʔuːt
wash (clothes) *sək
wash (hand) *ɨpɨːp
weave, plait *utɨːk
weave, plait *(ʔ)panA
weave (net) *(ʔ)kuːt
weave, spin *awiA
wear *cat
wear *ukaːŋA
wear, put on *ŋwəuC
weep *ŋaiC
whet *uraA
whip *apiːt
wind, v. *apiːt
wind around *awiːŋA
wink *laŋC
wrap *tuːk
yawn *gaːuA
yawn *aŋaːp
above *anɨA
already, finished *baːiC
animal, clf. *amanA
bedding, clf. *ikənA
before *kuːnB
chicken, clf. *laŋA
day *awanA
end *(ʔ)kiC
handspan *ukɨːp
instances, clf. *upaːiA / *upəːiA
left side *awiːŋA
line, row *aRəːiB
night, evening *cap
side *ŋaːiC / *ŋəːiC
side (reverse) *pəlɨt
that *maB
this *niB
tomorrow *akəuB
trousers, clf. *ikaB
used to *araːiB
which, what *araC
yesterday *panC
one *cɨC
two *alauC
three *utuC
four *atəuC
five *amaA
six *(ə)numA
seven *ʔtuA
eight *aRuA
nine *upalC
ten *apuːc
hundred *uRaːnA
pair *alɨːmC

See also

[edit]

Footnotes

[edit]
  1. ^ Cun has palatalized reflex for these rootsː /*tsuən3/ ‘back’ and /*tseŋ1/ ‘nose, face’. The forms may go back to *ʔiduːnC and *ʔidaŋA respectively.
  2. ^ Cun has palatalized reflex for these rootsː /*tsuən3/ ‘back’ and /*tseŋ1/ ‘nose, face’. The forms may go back to *ʔiduːnC and *ʔidaŋA respectively.
  3. ^ The rime of this root may be *ɨu or *əu. Evidence for determining the precise choice is presently lacking.
  4. ^ The rime of this root may be *ɨu or *əu.
  5. ^ The rime of this root may be *ɨu or *əu.
  6. ^ Cun has palatalized reflex for this rootː /*tsou1/*. The form may go back to *ʔidɨA.

References

[edit]
  • Norquest, Peter K. 2015. A Phonological Reconstruction of Proto-Hlai. Languages of Asia, Volume 13. Leiden: Brill. →ISBN
  • Ostapirat, Weera. 2004. "Proto-Hlai Sound System and Lexicons." In Studies on Sino-Tibetan Languages: Papers in Honor of Professor Hwang-cherng Gong on His Seventieth Birthday. Edited by Ying-chin Lin, Fang-min Hsu, Chun-chih Lee, Jackson T.-S. Sun, Hsiu-fang Yang, and Dah-an Ho. Institute of Linguistics. Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan: 121-175.
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