Appendix:Proto-Hlai reconstructions
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(Redirected from Appendix:List of Proto-Hlai reconstructions)
The following list of Proto-Hlai reconstructions are from Peter Norquest (2015) and Weera Ostapirat (2004).
Norquest (2015)
[edit]The following list of Proto-Hlai reconstructions is from Peter Norquest (2015).
Jiamao forms have also been included for comparison. Jiamao forms that have no cognates with Proto-Hlai or lower-level Hlai subgroup reconstructions are given in square brackets. Additional Jiamao forms from Norquest (2015) are listed in Appendix:Jiamao vocabulary lists.
Lower-level reconstructions
[edit]Norquest's (2015) Hlai subgroup reconstructions are:
- GHl = Greater Hlai (all Hlai languages except for Bouhin)
- CHl = Central Hlai (all Hlai languages except for Ha Em and Bouhin)
- ECHl = East Central Hlai (Lauhut, Qi)
- Qi
- NCHl = North Central Hlai (Cun, Nadou, Meifu, Run)
- NWCHl = Northwest Central Hlai (Cun, Nadou)
- NECHl = Northeast Central Hlai (Meifu, Run)
- Meifu
- Run
- ECHl = East Central Hlai (Lauhut, Qi)
For Norquest's Hlai internal classification, see Hlai languages.
List
[edit]No. | Chinese gloss | English gloss | Proto-Hlai | Pre-Hlai | Hlai subgroup reconstructions | Jiamao (for comparison) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 矮 | short | *tʰɯːʔ | *tɯːʔ | tʰaː¹ | |
2 | 愛 | love | GHl *ʔəːp | [taːk⁹tsiː¹] | ||
3 | 安裝 | set up | *C-ŋəp | *C-ŋəp | [kaːp⁷] | |
4 | 安 | press | *C-məc | *C-məc | ||
5 | 安 | press | Qi *kom | kəm⁵ | ||
6 | 安 | press | Run *[ʈʂ/tç]həmɦ | |||
7 | 熬 | decoct | *C-ŋaːwɦ | *C-ŋaːwɦ | kəm⁵ | |
8 | 八 | eight | *hruː | *ruː | kuː¹ | |
9 | 扒 | dig up | *Cuɦɯːnɦ | *Cuɣɯːnɦ | ||
10 | 扒 | dig up | GHl *sʰinʔ | |||
11 | 扒 | dig up | *ɦɯːt | *C-ɣɯːt | kɯat⁷ | |
12 | 扒 | dig up | NECHl *kʰɯːt | |||
13 | 芭蕉 | banana | *hwaːk | *waːk | vɯa⁵ | |
14 | 拔(草) | pull up (grass) | *ʔɯt | *ʔɯt | [kɔŋ⁵] | |
15 | 拔(釘) | pull out (nail) | *kʰəc | *[k/x]əc | [mak⁷] | |
16 | 拔(土) | pull up (earth) | *kɯːm | *Cəʔgɯːm | [mak⁷] | |
17 | 拔(土) | pull up (earth) | NCHl *kʰop | |||
18 | 把(刀) | knife clf. | *pʰiːnɦ | *piːnɦ | [tet⁷] | |
19 | 把(刀) | knife clf. | NCHl *hw[a]ːŋʔ | |||
20 | 把 | tool clf. | *C-lɯːŋʔ | *C-lɯːŋʔ | [tet⁷] | |
21 | 把 | tool clf. | Run *ʔw[a]ːk | |||
22 | 耙 | rake | *hrjik | *Cirik | [pʰəː¹] | |
23 | 耙 | rake | Run *ɾ[a]ːŋ | |||
24 | 白 | white | *kʰaːw | *[k/x]aːw | kʰow¹ | |
25 | 白麻 | white hemp (Apocynum pictum) | *kʰaːn | *[k/x]aːn | [ven⁴] | |
26 | 白藤 | white rattan (Calamus tetradactylus) | *kəc | *Cəʔgəc | [lej¹] | |
27 | 白天 | daytime | *hmiːʔ | *miːʔ | [kɯ²] | |
28 | 白天 | daytime | *hŋwən | *ŋwən | [ɗuən⁵] | |
29 | 白頭髮 | white hair | *hŋuːk | *ŋuːk | kua² | |
30 | 白蟻 | termite | *m-luːk | *m-luːk | lua⁵ | |
31 | 百 | hundred | *Cuhraːn | *Curaːn | kɯːn¹ | |
32 | 拜 | worship | *pʰuc | *puc | pʰut⁷ | |
33 | 擺手 | wave (hand) | *ʔu[ː]j | *ʔu[ː]j | ||
34 | 擺手 | wave (hand) | CHl *hwin | [fit⁷] | ||
35 | 斑鳩 | dove | *kʰuː | *[k/x]uː | [tsaw⁴] | |
36 | 搬 | move (object) | *[ɾ/hr]j[e]ːŋʔ | *Ci[d/r][ɛ]ːŋʔ | ||
37 | 搬 | move (object) | Run *hj[e]ːŋʔ | |||
38 | 搬運 | transport | *hŋwəːjʔ | *ŋwəːjʔ | ||
39 | 半 | half (of object) | GHl *tʰəːn | |||
40 | 半 | half (of number) | CHl *tʰom | |||
41 | 半 | half (of number) | CHl *fʰin | |||
42 | 半 | half (of number) | Run *fʰunɦ | |||
43 | 綁 | tie | GHl *fʰəːt | [kʰɔːp⁹] | ||
44 | 綁 | tie | GHl *sʰən | |||
45 | 綁 | tie | NWCHl *C-ŋəːnʔ | |||
46 | 蚌 | mussel | *tçʰiː | *[c/ç]iː | tsʰaj¹ | |
47 | 蚌 | mussel | GHl *[ʈʂ/tç]həːŋʔ | [kʰɔːp⁷] | ||
48 | 蚌 | mussel | Run *hwaːʔ | |||
49 | 包 | wrap | *tʰuːk | *tuːk | tʰuːʔ⁹ | |
50 | 剝 | skin (a cow) | *ɗaːŋʔ | *Cəʔdaːŋʔ | tʰak⁷ | |
51 | 剝 | skin (a cow) | Qi *tʰək | |||
52 | 剝 | peel (bark) | *sʰiːnɦ | *siːnɦ | [ɲiːt⁹] | |
53 | 剝 | peel (bark) | CHl *ɗiːnʔ | |||
54 | 薄 | thin | *hrɯː | *rɯː | kaj¹ | |
55 | 飽 | sated | *kʰɯːm | *[k/x]ɯːm | kʰɔm¹ | |
56 | 抱/背 | carry | GHl *ʔop | ʔup⁷ | ||
57 | 抱 | carry (a child) | *ʔuːnʔ | *ʔuːnʔ | ʔun⁵ | |
58 | 抱 | carry (firewood) | *ʔomʔ | *ʔomʔ | ||
59 | 豹 | leopard | *Cuɦuːjʔ | *Cuɣuːjʔ | ||
60 | 暴露 | expose | *Cuɦaːwɦ | *Cuɣaːwɦ | [ʔjeːŋ⁵] | |
61 | 暴露 | expose | *tʰɯːn | *tɯːn | ||
62 | 背 | carry (on back) | GHl *fʰiːŋ | feːŋ⁵ | ||
63 | 北 | north | *pʰəjʔ | *pəjʔ | ||
64 | 北 | north | Run *fʰ[a]ːŋ | |||
65 | 北 | north | ECHl *hnɯː | |||
66 | 北 | north | NWCHl *hjəːk | |||
67 | 背脊 | back (of body) | *tçʰuɲʔ | *[c/ç]uɲʔ | [tuːt⁹] | |
68 | 背着手 | put hands behind back | CHl *m-leː | [teːk⁸tɯːn¹] | ||
69 | 被 | get | *ɗɯː | *Cəʔdɯː | [mɯən¹] | |
70 | 被 | get | CHl *hnɯːŋɦ | |||
71 | 被子 | blanket | GHl *fʰiːʔ | paj¹ | ||
72 | 蓓蕾 | bud | *ʈʂh[e]ːŋ | *ʈ[ɛ]ːŋ | [ŋɔː¹] | |
73 | 蓓蕾 | bud | CHl *Cuhrəwʔ | |||
74 | 蓓蕾 | bud | *Cuʔop | *Cuʔop | [ʔow¹] | |
75 | 蓓蕾 | bud | CHl *C-ŋən | |||
76 | 蓓蕾 | bud | Run *tʰuːk | |||
77 | 錛子 | adze | *pʰuːn | *puːn | ||
78 | 笨 | stupid | GHl *hməːj | |||
79 | 鼻涕 | mucus | *C-nəmʔ | *C-nəmʔ | naːm¹ | |
80 | 鼻涕 | mucus | *kʰət | *[k/x]ət | hɔːt⁹ | |
81 | 鼻簫 | nose flute | Qi *hljuːnɦ | tsuən² | ||
82 | 鼻子 | nose | *kʰət | *[k/x]ət | hɔːt⁹ | |
83 | 秕子 | blighted grain | *hliːp | *liːp | [vuː⁴vit⁸] | |
84 | 閉 | close (eyes) | *hɲəːp | *ɲəːp | [ɗap⁷] | |
85 | 壁虎 | gecko | *hmiːʔ | *miːʔ | ||
86 | 壁虎 | gecko | *[ɾ/hr]jiːnʔ | *Ci[d/r]iːnʔ | [tek⁷] | |
87 | 壁虎 | gecko | NECHl *ʔwaːw | |||
88 | 邊 | side | GHl *fʰ[a]ːŋ | [pʰaːj⁵] | ||
89 | 邊緣 | edge | *C-ŋəːjɦ | *C-ŋəːjɦ | ||
90 | 邊緣 | edge | *kiːŋ | *Cəʔgiːŋ | [tiəŋ⁵] | |
91 | 邊緣 | edge | CHl *hŋaːw | |||
92 | 編 | braid | *pʰən | *pən | ||
93 | 編 | braid | *ɦəc | *C-ɣəc | ||
94 | 編 | braid (large) | *m-liː | *m-liː | [taː¹] | |
95 | 蝙蝠 | bat | *ɓənʔ | *Cəʔbənʔ | ||
96 | 蝙蝠 | bat | *Cuhrɯːk | *Curɯːk | [tʰiək⁷] | |
97 | 鞭打 | to lash (a child) | *fʰiːt | *fiːt | [təp⁸] | |
98 | 鞭打 | to lash | *fʰaːnʔ | *faːnʔ | ||
99 | 鞭子 | whip | *tçuːjʔ | *Cəʔɟuːjʔ | ||
100 | 鞭子 | whip | NCHl *ɗuj | |||
101 | 扁 | flat | *ɓeːnɦ | [*Cəʔbɛːnɦ] | ||
102 | 扁擔 | shoulder pole | GHl *ʈʂhəj | |||
103 | 扁擔 | shoulder pole | GHl *fʰiːk | pia⁵ | ||
104 | 變 | change | *hljɯːɦ | *Cilɯːɦ | ||
105 | 鱉 | soft-shelled turtle | *tʰɯːp | *tɯːp | ɗuəp⁹ | |
106 | 別 | don't | *ʔiwʔ | *ʔiwʔ | ʔjow⁵ | |
107 | 別人 | others | *ʔa[ː]w | *ʔa[ː]w | [ɬaj⁴] | |
108 | 癟 | shriveled | *ɓeːp | [*Cəʔbɛːp] | peːp⁹ | |
109 | 冰雹 | hail | CHl *sʰinɦ | [tsʰaː⁵] | ||
110 | 槟榔 | betelnut | GHl *C-ləːŋʔ | luəŋ¹ | ||
111 | 柄 | a handle | *Cuɦəwɦ | *Cuɣəwɦ | ||
112 | 柄 | handle clf. | GHl *fʰiːnʔ | [ɓuən¹] | ||
113 | 餅 | pastry | *ʔaːnɦ | *ʔaːnɦ | ||
114 | 病 | sick | *tçʰok | *[ʈ/c]ok | taːk⁹ | |
115 | 菠蘿 | pineapple | *ɾaːʔ | *C-[d/ɖ]aːʔ | [tsaː⁵] | |
116 | 菠蘿 | pineapple | *C-mun | *C-mun | ||
117 | 菠蘿 | pineapple | CHl *m-luːnɦ | |||
118 | 撥開 | pull open | *m-laːɦ | *m-laːɦ | [fəːj¹] | |
119 | 撥開 | pull open | NWCHl *ɗ[a]ːŋʔ | |||
120 | 播種 | sow (seed) | *C-muːnʔ | *C-muːnʔ | muːn¹ | |
121 | 伯父 | uncle | *tçʰiːʔ | *[c/ç]iːʔ | tsʰaːj¹ | |
122 | 伯母 | aunt | *hŋiːn | *ŋiːn | ŋiən² | |
123 | 脖子 | neck | *hljoŋʔ | *Ciloŋʔ | tsaŋ² | |
124 | 跛 | crippled | *Ciɣ[ɛ]ːŋɦ | *Ciɦ[e]ːŋɦ | heːŋ² | |
125 | 簸 | winnow | GHl *fʰənɦ | [vat⁷] | ||
126 | 簸 | winnow | Run *hwit | |||
127 | 簸箕 | winnowing basket | GHl *ɗoŋʔ | tuəŋ¹ | ||
128 | 補 | mend (clothes) | GHl *fʰəːn | [ɓɔːm⁵] | ||
129 | 補苗 | fill gaps with seedlings | *ɗəp | *Cəʔdəp | ɗep⁷ | |
130 | 捕捉 | catch | *ɾəːm | *C-[d/ɖ]əːm | [tuj⁴] | |
131 | 捕鼠器 | mousetrap | *Ciɦəːp | *Ciɣəːp | [kʰiap⁹] | |
132 | 不 | not | *ʔeːmɦ | *ʔɛːmɦ | [ŋɔː¹] | |
133 | 不 | not | CHl *Cuʔəɲʔ | |||
134 | 不 | not | Qi *wiː | [ɓɛː⁵] | ||
135 | 不懂 | not understand | *hlɯmʔ | *lɯmʔ | tʰum⁴ | |
136 | 不懂 | not understand | *hrɯːʔ | *rɯːʔ | [taj²] | |
137 | 不懂 | not understand | GHl *hmɯːʔ | |||
138 | 不肯 | not willing | *ʔəjʔ | *ʔəjʔ | ʔaj¹ | |
139 | 不能 | not able | *kaːɦ | *Cəʔgaːɦ | [ŋɔː¹leŋ⁷mɯː⁴] | |
140 | 不能 | not able | NWCHl *ʔwəɲʔ | |||
141 | 不是 | not be | GHl *Cuhriːɦ | vaj¹ | ||
142 | 不要 | don’t | *ʔiwʔ | *ʔiwʔ | ʔjow⁵ | |
143 | 不愉快 | unhappy | GHl *ɾjaːk | [ŋɔː¹] | ||
144 | 不愉快 | unhappy | NWCHl *ʔwəɲʔ | |||
145 | 不愉快 | unhappy | GHl *fʰət | [vi⁴] | ||
146 | 不愉快 | unhappy | NWCHl *C-ləːmɦ | |||
147 | 不知道 | not know | *hlɯmʔ | *lɯmʔ | tʰum⁴ | |
148 | 不知道 | not know | *Cuhrɯː | *Curɯː | [ɗuəj⁵] | |
149 | 布 | cloth | GHl *ɗəp | təp⁷ | ||
150 | 步 | step | *ɦaːmɦ | *C-ɣaːmɦ | [tsəːm⁵] | |
151 | 猜測 | guess | CHl *ɓaːɲ | ɓaːn³ | ||
152 | 才 | just now | *C-nəwʔ | *C-nəwʔ | naː¹ | |
153 | 踩 | tread | *sʰɯːm | *sɯːm | ||
154 | 踩 | tread | Qi *tçəːmɦ | [tsʰɛː¹] | ||
155 | 踩 | step on | *fʰaːw | *faːw | ||
156 | 菜 | vegetable | *ɓɯː | *Cəʔbɯː | ||
157 | 菜 | vegetable | NWCHl *sʰaːjʔ | [tsan¹] | ||
158 | 菜 | vegetable | *ʈʂhəj | *ʈəj | ||
159 | 菜 | vegetable | NCHl *ʔuːɲ | |||
160 | 菜 | vegetable | Run *hŋənʔ | |||
161 | 蒼蠅 | a fly | *hmiːʔ | *miːʔ | [kɯ²] | |
162 | 蒼蠅 | a fly | Run *C-ɲuːŋ | |||
163 | 蒼蠅 | a fly | *hwaːŋʔ | *waːŋʔ | [mɔːt⁹] | |
164 | 蒼蠅 | a fly | Run *tʰaːɦ | |||
165 | 藏 | store up | *[ɾ/hr]juːŋ | *Ci[d/r]uːŋ | [pej¹] | |
166 | 藏 | store up | Run *[ʈʂ/tç]hɯːʔ | |||
167 | 槽 | trough | *[ʈʂ/tç]huː | *[ʈ/c]uː | [tɔːŋ¹] | |
168 | 草 | grass | *hŋənʔ | *ŋənʔ | kəːn⁴ | |
169 | 草木灰 | plant ash | *sʰuːʔ | *suːʔ | [faː¹] | |
170 | 層 | layer, level | *hlɯt | *lɯt | [fɯːn⁴] | |
171 | 插 | insert | GHl *C-ɲok | |||
172 | 插 | insert forcefully | GHl *tçʰoŋʔ | tsʰaːŋ⁵ | ||
173 | 插 | insert | *C-ŋiːp | *C-ŋiːp | ɲep⁷ | |
174 | 岔 | fork (in road) | *pʰaː | *paː | ɓow¹ | |
175 | 岔 | fork (in road) | Run *C-ŋaːʔ | |||
176 | 杈子 | branch (tree) | *C-ŋaːmɦ | *C-ŋaːmɦ | ŋəm² | |
177 | 柴刀 | machete | *kaːʔ | *Cəʔgaːʔ | [ɗow⁵] | |
178 | 柴火 | firewood | *hŋunʔ | *ŋunʔ | [fɯŋ⁴] | |
179 | 饞嘴 | gluttonous | *C-laːɲ | *C-laːɲ | ||
180 | 饞吃 | eat greedily | *ɓət | *Cəʔbət | ɓɯt⁷ | |
181 | 饞吃 | eat greedily | *tʰiːw | *tiːw | tsʰew¹ | |
182 | 纏 | wind around | *fʰiːt | *fiːt | [huːt⁹] | |
183 | 纏 | wind around | NCHl *hmiːt | |||
184 | 蟬 | cicada | *hmiːʔ | *miːʔ | ||
185 | 蟬 | cicada | *hrəːj | *rəːj | kuj¹ | |
186 | 蟬 | cicada | Run *C-niːŋ | |||
187 | 蟬 | cicada | Run *C-naːjɦ | |||
188 | 鏟 | shovel | *tçʰaːc | *[c/ç]aːc | ||
189 | 長 | long | *hnaːwʔ | *naːwʔ | tow⁴ | |
190 | 腸 | intestine | *ɾaːjʔ | *C-[d/ɖ]aːjʔ | lɯj⁴ | |
191 | 嘗 | taste | *tçʰim | *[c/ç]im | tsem⁴ | |
192 | 嘗 | taste | NCHl *ɓuːn | |||
193 | 炒 | stir-fry | *k[e]ːŋ | *Cəʔg[ɛ]ːŋ | ||
194 | 車 | vehicle | *tçʰiə | *[c/ç]iə | tsʰia³ | |
195 | 車輪 | wheel | *hmiːʔ | *miːʔ | ʔeŋ³ | |
196 | 車輪 | wheel | Run *kʰok | |||
197 | 扯破 | to tear | *ʔiːk | *ʔiːk | ɲit⁷ | |
198 | 扯破 | to tear | CHl *C-ɲiːk | |||
199 | 塵土 | dust | GHl *fʰuːŋʔ | puəŋ⁵ | ||
200 | 塵土 | dust | Run *C-ŋəːn | |||
201 | 沉 | sink | GHl *tçəːn | tsen⁴ | ||
202 | 稱呼 | call | GHl *hwən | |||
203 | 稱呼 | call | CHl *tçaːn | |||
204 | 撑 | support | *[ʈʂ/tç]həwɦ | *[ʈ/c]əwɦ | [təp⁸] | |
205 | 撑 | support | CHl *tʰaːjɦ | |||
206 | 成功 | succeed | CHl *tçiːŋ | |||
207 | 成熟 | ripe | *sʰɯːk | *sɯːk | tsʰaːk⁹ | |
208 | 盛飯 | fill with rice | GHl *kʰəwʔ | hiːw¹ | ||
209 | 盛飯 | fill with rice | Run *ʔɯː | |||
210 | 吃 | eat | *C-luːɦ | *C-luːɦ | [tej⁵] | |
211 | 吃 | eat | Qi *kʰən | |||
212 | 吃 | eat | Run *C-ləːk | |||
213 | 吃草 | graze | *komʔ | *Cəʔgomʔ | [tej⁵] | |
214 | 吃草 | graze | Qi *kəmʔ | |||
215 | 池塘 | pond | GHl *[ʋ/hw]aːŋ | ʔjɔŋ⁵ | ||
216 | 池塘 | pond | ECHl *Ciɦuːŋɦ | |||
217 | 遲 | late | *fʰəŋ | *fəŋ | [liaw¹] | |
218 | 翅膀 | wing | *pʰiːk | *piːk | pʰiː⁵ | |
219 | 舂 | pound rice | *tçʰaːk | *[c/ç]aːk | tsʰɯː⁷ | |
220 | 舂 | pound rice | Run *pʰəw | |||
221 | 舂 | pound rice | *sʰuːnʔ | *suːnʔ | ||
222 | 舂 | pound to powder | *C-luːn | *C-luːn | ||
223 | 蟲 | insect | *Ciɦənɦ | *Ciɣənɦ | zɔːt⁸ | |
224 | 抽 | pull out (book) | ECHl *C-ɦuc | [mak⁷] | ||
225 | 抽打 | to whip | *fʰiːt | *fiːt | [təp⁸] | |
226 | 抽打 | to whip | CHl *fʰaːn | |||
227 | 抽穗 | to ear grain | *ɓəw | *Cəʔbəw | ||
228 | 醜 | ugly | *ɾjaːk | *Ci[d/ɖ]aːk | [ʔaj¹] | |
229 | 醜 | ugly | *C-mɯːn | *C-mɯːn | [huəj¹] | |
230 | 醜 | ugly | NCHl *C-laːjʔ | |||
231 | 醜 | ugly | NCHl *ɾjuj | |||
232 | 臭 | smelly | *ɾjaːk | *Ci[d/ɖ]aːk | [ʔaj¹] | |
233 | 臭 | smelly | *ɦaːj | *C-ɣaːj | huəj⁴ | |
234 | 臭 | smelly | NCHl *Ciɦəːj | |||
235 | 臭蟲 | bedbug | *kɯp | *Cəʔgɯp | [ɗɔːp⁹] | |
236 | 出 | exit | *tʰɯːn | *tɯːn | ɗaŋ¹ | |
237 | 出賣 | sell out | *sʰəwɦ | *səwɦ | ||
238 | 除草 | to weed | *C-luːnɦ | *C-luːnɦ | [tsʰuət⁹] | |
239 | 鋤地 | to hoe | CHl *ɓəwɦ | ɓɔːw⁵ | ||
240 | 鋤地 | to hoe | *ɓənɦ | *Cəʔbənɦ | ||
241 | 鋤頭 | a hoe | *kwaːk | [*Cəʔgwaːk] | kuak⁷ | |
242 | 鋤頭 | a hoe | CHl *ɓəwɦ | |||
243 | 穿 | put on (upper) | *tçʰət | *[c/ç]ət | tsʰɔːt⁹ | |
244 | 穿 | put on (lower) | *pʰiːn | *piːn | pʰiːn¹ | |
245 | 穿針 | thread (a needle) | *sʰok | *sok | tsʰɔːk⁹ | |
246 | 穿插 | interweave | *sʰuːɲ | *suːɲ | ||
247 | 穿山甲 | pangolin | *C-mɯnʔ | *C-mɯnʔ | [tsaː⁴] | |
248 | 傳染 | infect | *pʰaːt | *paːt | [ʔuəj⁴] | |
249 | 傳染 | infect | GHl *kʰaːt | |||
250 | 船 | boat | *Cuɾaː | *Cu[d/ɖ]aː | lɔː⁴ | |
251 | 串 | fish string (clf.) | GHl *kuːc | tsʰɔːk⁹ | ||
252 | 串 | fish string (clf.) | GHl *sʰok | |||
253 | 串 | fish string (clf.) | NCHl *kʰaː | |||
254 | 串 | rice string (clf.) | GHl *hɲ[a]ːŋ | tsiːŋ² | ||
255 | 瘡 | sore, ulcer | GHl *C-n[a]ːŋ | [naːj¹] | ||
256 | 瘡 | sore, ulcer | *Cuʔəw | *Cuʔəw | ||
257 | 床 | bed | *tʰ[e]ːŋɦ | *t[ɛ]ːŋɦ | ||
258 | 床 | blanket clf. | *Ciɦəːn | *Ciɣəːn | hɯan⁴ | |
259 | 床墊 | mattress | *kaːn | *Cəʔgaːn | [pɯa⁵təːn¹] | |
260 | 吹 | blow | *ʔuːɦ | *ʔuːɦ | ʔaːw¹ | |
261 | 炊烟 | smoke | *Cuɦəːn | *Cuɣəːn | hɯan⁴ | |
262 | 春 | spring | *C-ɲaːn | *C-ɲaːn | nuən¹ | |
263 | 春 | spring | GHl *ʔəŋ | [tʰiaw⁴taːw¹] | ||
264 | 春 | spring | Run *hwən | |||
265 | 戳 | poke | *sʰɯːŋʔ | *sɯːŋʔ | tsʰaːŋ⁵ | |
266 | 糍粑 | rice cake | GHl *C-ɲeːɦ | ɲɛː⁵ | ||
267 | 次 | times | *C-wəːj | *C-wəːj | fuəj¹ | |
268 | 刺 | thorn | *Cuɦɯnʔ | *Cuɣɯnʔ | haŋ⁴ | |
269 | 刺 | prick (finger) | *pʰəwʔ | *pəwʔ | [tsʰua⁵] | |
270 | 刺猬 | porcupine | *tçʰinʔ | *[c/ç]inʔ | [luː⁴low²] | |
271 | 從前 | before | GHl *tçʰi | tsʰi¹ | ||
272 | 從前 | before | *kʰuːnɦ | *[k/x]uːnɦ | [vɔːn¹mɔː⁵] | |
273 | 叢 | clump | GHl *hroŋʔ | [fuk⁷] | ||
274 | 粗糙 | coarse | *Cuɾaːw | *Cu[d/ɖ]aːw | ||
275 | 竄 | flee | *pʰiw | *piw | pʰiw¹ | |
276 | 村庄 | village | *ɓəwʔ | *Cəʔbəwʔ | fuən¹ | |
277 | 村庄 | village | CHl *C-waːn | |||
278 | 搓 | twist (rope) | *pʰəc | *pəc | ||
279 | 搓 | twist (rope) | *pʰən | *pən | ɓɔːn¹ | |
280 | 搓洗 | scrub | GHl *fʰɯːp | tsʰuəp⁹ | ||
281 | 撮 | pick | *tçeːmʔ | [*Cəʔɟɛːmʔ] | ||
282 | 撮 | pick | Qi *C-ɲimʔ | ɲim¹ | ||
283 | 答應 | respond | *tʰin | *tin | [hɔːn⁴] | |
284 | 打 | hit | *tʰa[ː]jɦ | *ta[ː]jɦ | [təp⁸] | |
285 | 打柴舞 | firewood dance | *sʰəːp | *səːp | tsuən¹ | |
286 | 打柴舞 | firewood dance | GHl *hrəːp | |||
287 | 打柴舞 | firewood dance | CHl *tçuːnʔ | |||
288 | 打柴舞 | firewood dance | *tçʰaːk | *[c/ç]aːk | tsʰɯː⁵ | |
289 | 打盹兒 | doze off | *tçəːn | *Cəʔɟəːn | ||
290 | 打盹兒 | doze off | NWCHl *kuːɦ | [tʰaw¹] | ||
291 | 打盹兒 | doze off | *C-ŋut | *C-ŋut | ŋɔk⁷ | |
292 | 打 | slap | *pʰiːk | *piːk | ɓia⁵ | |
293 | 打滾 | roll (a child) | *m-liːn | *m-liːn | [lam¹]lin¹ | |
294 | 打滾 | roll | GHl *Ciʔoŋʔ | [tsaːm⁴] | ||
295 | 打哈欠 | yawn | *kaːw | *Cəʔgaːw | hɔː⁵ | |
296 | 打哈欠 | yawn | *hŋaːp | *ŋaːp | hɔːp⁸ | |
297 | 打鼾 | snore | *ɾəːŋ | *C-[d/ɖ]əːŋ | ||
298 | 打鼾 | snore | *Cuɾaːn | *Cu[d/ɖ]aːn | lɯːn⁴ | |
299 | 打(記號) | make a mark | *m-luːk | *m-luːk | [təp⁸] | |
300 | 打開 | open | *C-ŋaːɦ | *C-ŋaːɦ | ʔow¹ | |
301 | 打開 | open | CHl *Cuʔaːɦ | |||
302 | 打獵 | go hunting | *hrip | *rip | [tuən²] | |
303 | 打噴嚏 | sneeze | *tçʰinɦ | *[c/ç]inɦ | tsʰit⁷ | |
304 | 打噴嚏 | sneeze | GHl *ɗəɲ | tɯən¹ | ||
305 | 打水 | fetch water | GHl *ɓəːk | [tɔːp⁹] | ||
306 | 打聽 | inquire | *ɦiːŋ[ʔ] | *C-ɣiːŋ[ʔ] | [ŋej²] | |
307 | 打聽 | inquire | GHl *hljəj | |||
308 | 打圍 | surround | *hɲaːwʔ | *ɲaːwʔ | nəːw² | |
309 | 大 | big | *C-luŋ | *C-luŋ | loː¹ | |
310 | 大大后天 | three days after tomorrow | *hŋwən | *ŋwən | [kɯ²] | |
311 | 大大后天 | three days after tomorrow | CHl *hməjʔ | |||
312 | 大大后天 | three days after tomorrow | *Cuɦaːt | *Cuɣaːt | [kut¹⁰] | |
313 | 大大后天 | three days after tomorrow | CHl *Cuɦiːt | |||
314 | 大后天 | two days after tomorrow | *hŋwən | *ŋwən | [kɯ²] | |
315 | 大后天 | two days after tomorrow | CHl *hməjʔ | |||
316 | 大后天 | two days after tomorrow | *Cuɦɯː | *Cuɣɯː | [kaː²] | |
317 | 大后天 | two days after tomorrow | NCHl *C-ɲɯː | |||
318 | 大前年 | three years ago | *hmuːɦ | *muːɦ | mɯ² | |
319 | 大前年 | three years ago | ECHl *ɾɯː | [lut¹⁰] | ||
320 | 大前年 | three years ago | NCHl *tçʰɯːn | |||
321 | 大前天 | three days ago | *hŋwən | *ŋwən | vɔːn¹ | |
322 | 大前天 | three days ago | ECHl *ɾɯː | [tsuːn⁴] | ||
323 | 帶領 | to lead | GHl *ɦun | luəj² | ||
324 | 帶領 | to lead | Qi *hrujʔ | |||
325 | 帶子 | belt | *ɗəːj | *Cəʔdəːj | tɯj¹ | |
326 | 戴 | wear (hat) | *Cuŋəwʔ | *Cuŋəwʔ | ɲiaw¹ | |
327 | 戴 | wear (hat) | Qi *Cuhr[a]ːŋ | |||
328 | 戴 | wear (necklace) | *kʰiːnʔ | *[k/x]iːnʔ | [tuəj¹] | |
329 | 戴 | wear (earrings) | *C-miːŋ | *C-miːŋ | [tuəj¹] | |
330 | 膽 | gall bladder | *ɗəj | *Cəʔdəj | tiː¹ | |
331 | 淡 | insipid | *ɗəc | *Cəʔdəc | tsia² | |
332 | 蛋/卵 | egg | *hjɯːm | *jɯːm | tsum¹ | |
333 | 擋 | block | *ɓəːmɦ | *Cəʔbəːmɦ | ||
334 | 擋 | block | NCHl *ɓiːnɦ | |||
335 | 刀 | knife (large) | *kaːʔ | *Cəʔgaːʔ | ||
336 | 刀鈎 | knife hook | *ɗeːwɦ | [*Cəʔdɛːwɦ] | ||
337 | 刀篓 | knife basket | GHl *m-loŋʔ | |||
338 | 刀篓 | knife basket | CHl *ɾuːk | |||
339 | 倒伏 | bend down | *ɗəwɦ | *Cəʔdəwɦ | ||
340 | 倒伏 | bend down | GHl *ɓuːk | |||
341 | 倒塌 | collapse | *tʰuːɦ | *tuːɦ | [hum²] | |
342 | 搗 | pound with pestle | *sʰuːɲɦ | *suːɲɦ | ||
343 | 到處 | everywhere | *hŋom | *ŋom | [vow¹] | |
344 | 到處 | everywhere | *hŋa[ː]jʔ | *ŋa[ː]jʔ | [laːj⁴] | |
345 | 到處 | everywhere | Run *ɾaːʔ | |||
346 | 到達 | arrive | *ɗa[ː]nʔ | *Cəʔda[ː]nʔ | [vow¹] | |
347 | 稻草 | straw | *Cuŋiŋʔ | *Cuŋiŋʔ | [nɔːŋ¹] | |
348 | 稻穀 | paddy | *hmok | *mok | pəːk⁸ | |
349 | 稻子 | rice | *C-muːnʔ | *C-muːnʔ | muət⁹ | |
350 | 稻子 | rice | CHl *C-muc | |||
351 | 稻剪 | sickle | *C-liːm | *C-liːm | lin⁴laːt⁹hup⁷ | |
352 | 稻剪 | sickle | GHl *kʰɯːp | |||
353 | 稻剪 | sickle | NECHl *ɾeːw | |||
354 | 稻穗 | ear of rice | *hɲ[a]ːŋ | *ɲ[a]ːŋ | tsiːŋ² | |
355 | 稻穗 | ear of rice | NWCHl *C-muc | |||
356 | 稻穗 | ear of rice | *C-miːnʔ | *C-miːnʔ | miːn¹ | |
357 | 得到 | get | *C-m[e]ːk | *C-m[ɛ]ːk | mɯː⁵ | |
358 | 等候 | await | *h[l]jəːŋ | *[Cil/j]əːŋ | tʰaw⁵ | |
359 | 等候 | await | CHl *tʰəw | |||
360 | 等候 | await | Meifu *C-ŋəːŋ | |||
361 | 瞪眼 | glare | GHl *C-laːwʔ | |||
362 | 瞪眼 | glare | Run *ʔwaːwʔ | |||
363 | 低頭 | lower head | *C-ŋut | *C-ŋut | [kɔŋ¹] | |
364 | 低頭 | lower head | Run *Cuɦəːm | |||
365 | 滴 | drip (clf.) | GHl *kʰok | |||
366 | 地 | ground, earth | *Cuɾən | *Cu[d/ɖ]ən | len⁴ | |
367 | 地方 | place | *kom | *Cəʔgom | [len⁴] | |
368 | 弟妹 | younger sibling | *hruːŋ | *ruːŋ | [nuəj⁵] | |
369 | 弟妹 | younger sibling | Meifu *ʔeːŋʔ | |||
370 | 弟妹 | younger sibling | Run *C-n[u/o]ŋɦ | |||
371 | 蒂 | stem | GHl *kʰəːŋ | ŋaːn¹ | ||
372 | 蒂 | stem | CHl *C-ŋən | |||
373 | 顛倒 | upside-down | ECHl *m-lom | [tsaːm⁴] | ||
374 | 顛倒 | upside-down | CHl *m-ləj | |||
375 | 顛倒 | upside-down | CHl *m-lɯn | |||
376 | 點火 | ignite | *tçʰujʔ | *[c/ç]ujʔ | tsej¹ | |
377 | 吊 | hang | *ɾiːŋʔ | *C-[d/ɖ]iːŋʔ | lin⁴ | |
378 | 釣魚 | to fish | *ɾoŋʔ | *C-[d/ɖ]oŋʔ | ləŋ² | |
379 | 釣魚 | to fish | Run *C-lep | |||
380 | 掉 | to fall | *hlaːɦ | *laːɦ | ʔaː⁵ | |
381 | 掉 | to fall | Qi *ʔaːɦ | |||
382 | 跌倒 | fall down | *ɗəwɦ | *Cəʔdəwɦ | ɗaːw¹ | |
383 | 跌倒 | fall down | GHl *hluːnɦ | [lam¹lin¹] | ||
384 | 疊 | pile (clf.) | *C-leːp | *C-lɛːp | [ɓaːk⁹] | |
385 | 頂 | net clf. | *kʰuː | *[k/x]uː | ||
386 | 鼎鍋 | tripod | *tʰəw | *təw | [tʰi¹] | |
387 | 鼎鍋 | tripod | GHl *hjɯ[ː]nʔ | [ʔaːw⁴] | ||
388 | 釘 | to nail | *tʰut | *tut | ||
389 | 定居 | settle down | *[ɾ/hr]jɯːk | *Ci[d/r]ɯːk | [liaw¹] | |
390 | 定居 | settle down | GHl *[sʰ/hn]oŋʔ | |||
391 | 定居 | settle down | NECHl *tçoŋʔ | |||
392 | 丟 | throw away | GHl *fʰit | fit⁷ | ||
393 | 丟失 | lose (something) | *tʰok | *tok | ɗɔːk⁹ | |
394 | 東 | east | *pʰəjʔ | *pəjʔ | ||
395 | 東 | east | Run *fʰ[a]ːŋ | |||
396 | 東 | east | *ʈʂhaː | *ʈaː | ||
397 | 東 | east | CHl *pʰaːk | |||
398 | 東 | east | *hŋwən | *ŋwən | ||
399 | 東 | east | CHl *tʰɯːn | |||
400 | 東西 | thing | GHl *koŋ | kɔŋ¹ | ||
401 | 東西 | thing | *C-muːɦ | *C-muːɦ | maːw¹ | |
402 | 冬 | winter | *C-ɲaːn | *C-ɲaːn | nuən¹ | |
403 | 冬 | winter | *kʰaːjɦ | *kaːjɦ | kʰɯaj¹ | |
404 | 冬瓜 | wax gourd | *Cuɦɯːp | *Cuɣɯːp | huəp⁸ | |
405 | 冬瓜 | wax gourd | NCHl *hm[a]ːŋʔ | |||
406 | 懂 | understand | *kʰuːŋ | *[k/x]uːŋ | [min⁴taj²] | |
407 | 動 | move | ECHl *ɦənɦ | han² | ||
408 | 動 | move | NWCHl *ʔuːj | |||
409 | 動 | move | Run *C-ɲoŋɦ | |||
410 | 洞 | hole | *tçʰuːŋʔ | *[c/ç]uːŋʔ | tsʰua¹ | |
411 | 恫嚇 | threaten | *ʔɯːŋ | *ʔɯːŋ | ||
412 | 都 | all | *ɾɯʔ | *C-[d/ɖ]ɯʔ | ||
413 | 都 | all | GHl *ɗiːʔ | |||
414 | 都 | all | CHl *ʔjaːʔ | |||
415 | 蔸 | stump (of rice) | *hwiw | *wiw | vew¹ | |
416 | 斗笠 | bamboo hat | *hlaːŋʔ | *laːŋʔ | [kuən³lɔːj⁵] | |
417 | 豆子 | bean | GHl *Ciɦəw | [tsʰɯa⁵] | ||
418 | 豆子 | bean | NWCHl *ɗəɲ | |||
419 | 獨木凳 | bench | *tʰimɦ | *timɦ | ŋuən¹ | |
420 | 賭 | gamble | *C-ŋət | *C-ŋət | ŋət⁷/ŋəːt⁸ | |
421 | 肚臍 | navel | *Cuɾɯː | *Cu[d/ɖ]ɯː | loː² | |
422 | 肚子 | belly | *hmok | *mok | [lɯj⁴] | |
423 | 端 | hold with both hands | *kʰit | *[k/x]it | [ʔuŋ¹] | |
424 | 端 | hold with both hands | NWCHl *ʔɯn | |||
425 | 短 | short | GHl *tʰəc | [tʰaː¹] | ||
426 | 斷 | break | *kʰɯt | *[k/x]ɯt | ɗuət⁹ | |
427 | 斷 | break | CHl *tʰɯt | |||
428 | 斷 | break | NWCHl *fʰəc | |||
429 | 斷 | break | *tçʰaːw | *[c/ç]aːw | [kʰiaw⁵] | |
430 | 斷 | break | NWCHl *hləɲ | |||
431 | 堆 | a pile | *pʰəwʔ | *pəwʔ | [ɗuən¹] | |
432 | 堆 | pile (clf.) | *pʰəwʔ | *pəwʔ | [tsuːn⁵] | |
433 | 堆砌 | build by piling | GHl *hrəːp | kəp⁷ | ||
434 | 墩子 | pier | *tʰunʔ | *tunʔ | [tʰok⁷] | |
435 | 炖 | to stew | GHl *ʔujʔ | |||
436 | 炖 | to stew | CHl *ɓaːw | |||
437 | 炖 | to stew | Meifu *ʔuŋɦ | |||
438 | 鈍 | dull | *ɾjaːk | *Ci[d/ɖ]aːk | [ŋɔː¹] | |
439 | 鈍 | dull | *tçʰəːm | *[c/ç]əːm | tsʰiam¹ | |
440 | 多 | many | *hləːj | *ləːj | ɬej⁴ | |
441 | 多少 | how many | *hləːj | *ləːj | ɬej⁴ | |
442 | 多少 | how many | *ɾaː | *C-[d/ɖ]aː | laːj⁴ | |
443 | 躲 | hide (from rain) | *C-ŋəw | *C-ŋəw | [kɔː¹] | |
444 | 躲藏 | hide (something) | *C-məɲ | *C-məɲ | [miət⁸] | |
445 | 躲藏 | hide (something) | Run *hljəɲɦ | |||
446 | 剁 | chop | GHl *h[n/ɲ]ək | tsʰɔp⁷ | ||
447 | 剁 | chop | Meifu *[tç/hɲ]əp | |||
448 | 鵝 | goose | *C-ŋeː | *C-ŋɛː | ŋəːn⁵ | |
449 | 鵝 | goose | CHl *C-ŋaːnɦ | |||
450 | 鵝 | goose | CHl *ɓunɦ | |||
451 | 額頭 | forehead | *m-laːʔ | *m-laːʔ | ||
452 | 額頭 | forehead | *ɗaːw | *Cəʔdaːw | tuː¹ | |
453 | 惡毒 | vicious | GHl *ɾjaːk | |||
454 | 惡毒 | vicious | GHl *fʰən | |||
455 | 餓 | hungry | *ɾən | *C-[d/ɖ]ən | len⁴ | |
456 | 鱷魚 | crocodile | *kəjʔ | *Cəʔgəjʔ | kaj¹ | |
457 | 兒女 | offspring | *hlɯːk | *lɯːk | ɬiək⁸ | |
458 | 兒女 | offspring | Qi *ɗiʔ | |||
459 | 兒媳 | daughter-in-law | *hlɯːk | *lɯːk | ɬiək⁸ | |
460 | 兒媳 | daughter-in-law | Qi *ɗiʔ | |||
461 | 兒媳 | daughter-in-law | *C-liw | *C-liw | [naːw⁵] | |
462 | 耳朵 | ear | *hljəj | *Ciləj | [kɔː¹] | |
463 | 耳環 | earring | *C-miŋ | *C-miŋ | [tsʰiaw¹] | |
464 | 耳環 | earring | GHl *hwiːŋɦ | |||
465 | 二 | two | *hluːʔ | *luːʔ | ɬiaw⁴ | |
466 | 發抖 | tremble | *C-ɲən | *C-ɲən | [tan²] | |
467 | 發誓 | swear | *C-maːn | *C-maːn | [miːn⁵] | |
468 | 發芽 | to sprout | *ʔuːt | *ʔuːt | [tɔk⁷] | |
469 | 發芽 | to sprout | Run *ʔɯt | |||
470 | 發芽 | to bud (tree) | *tʰunɦ | *tunɦ | ||
471 | 發芽 | to bud (tree) | *ʈʂhaː | *ʈaː | [ʔaː¹] | |
472 | 番石榴 | guava | CHl *kəwʔ | [tʰum¹] | ||
473 | 翻身 | turn over | *hjɯːɦ | *jɯːɦ | [tsaːm⁴] | |
474 | 煩亂 | upset | *ʋɯː | *C-bɯː | [luːj⁴] | |
475 | 繁殖 | reproduce | *tʰ[e]ːŋ | *t[ɛ]ːŋ | tʰeːŋ¹ | |
476 | 反當 | instead of | *hlɯnɦ | *lɯnɦ | [ʔeːk⁹] | |
477 | 反面 | opposite | *m-lɯt | *m-lɯt | [pʰaːj¹tuːt⁹] | |
478 | 反面 | opposite | NCHl *m-lɯːnɦ | |||
479 | 反面 | opposite | Run *m-lɯːnʔ | |||
480 | 飯 | cooked rice | *tʰaːɦ | *taːɦ | tʰow¹ | |
481 | 方法 | way | GHl *pʰaːjʔ | pʰat⁷ | ||
482 | 方法 | way | CHl *pʰət | |||
483 | 方向 | direction | *pʰəjʔ | *pəjʔ | pʰaːj⁵ | |
484 | 方向 | direction | Run *fʰ[a]ːŋ | |||
485 | 房子 | house | GHl *m-loŋʔ | [ɬɯː²] | ||
486 | 紡 | weave (fabric) | *hwiː | *wiː | [tsʰup⁷] | |
487 | 放置 | put (down) | *ʈʂhəːnɦ | *ʈəːnɦ | ||
488 | 放置 | put (down) | NECHl *[ʈʂ/tç]hɯːʔ | |||
489 | 放 | put (on) | *sʰaːn | *saːn | [ʔuŋ¹] | |
490 | 放 | put (in) | GHl *fʰuːŋ | pɔːŋ¹ | ||
491 | 放 | put (down in) | GHl *fʰət | |||
492 | 放走 | let go | *pʰɯːŋʔ | *pɯːŋʔ | ɓɔŋ⁵ | |
493 | 放蠱 | to poison | *C-miːn | *C-miːn | miːn⁵ | |
494 | 放牧 | graze | *tʰuːʔ | *tuːʔ | ||
495 | 飛 | to fly | *ɓin | *Cəʔbin | fin⁴ | |
496 | 肥胖 | fat | *hruːjʔ | *ruːjʔ | kuj¹ | |
497 | 吠 | to bark | GHl *ʋunʔ | [kiːw¹] | ||
498 | 吠 | to bark | GHl *hrəc | [tsuːt⁹] | ||
499 | 沸騰 | boil (intr.) | *ɗaːn | *Cəʔdaːn | [puət⁸] | |
500 | 肺 | lung | *kəwɦ | *Cəʔgəwɦ | [vuəŋ⁴] | |
501 | 分配 | distribute | *kuːɦ | *Cəʔguːɦ | kɔː¹ | |
502 | 分贈 | give a gift | GHl *hriːmʔ | |||
503 | 吩咐 | instruct | *C-ŋənʔ | *C-ŋənʔ | ŋaːn¹ | |
504 | 墳墓 | grave | *ʔinʔ | *ʔinʔ | ||
505 | 墳墓 | grave | Meifu *jinʔ | |||
506 | 焚燒 | to burn | *ɓəŋ | *Cəʔbəŋ | ɓɔŋ⁵ | |
507 | 粉刺 | pimple | *Cuɾut | *Cu[d/ɖ]ut | lup⁸ | |
508 | 粉刺 | pimple | Qi *ɾwup | |||
509 | 粉刺 | pimple | NCHl *[tç]ɯːn | |||
510 | 風 | the wind | *hwiw | *wiw | ||
511 | 風 | the wind | CHl *hŋwəːt | vɯat⁷ | ||
512 | 封住 | sealed | *hlun | *lun | [puːk⁷] | |
513 | 鋒利 | sharp | *hlin | *lin | ||
514 | 鋒利 | sharp | *tçʰəːm | *[c/ç]əːm | tsʰiam¹ | |
515 | 蜂蜜 | honey | *C-nəmʔ | *C-nəmʔ | naːm¹ | |
516 | 蜂蜜 | honey | GHl *kəːj | [tej¹] | ||
517 | 縫 | sew | *C-ɲəp | *C-ɲəp | ɲɔːp⁹ | |
518 | 孵 | incubate | *pʰəːk | *pəːk | mɔːk⁹ | |
519 | 孵 | incubate | CHl *C-mok | |||
520 | 伏 | to prostrate | GHl *C-mok | [pʰak⁷] | ||
521 | 伏 | to prostrate | Run *Cuɦəːmʔ | |||
522 | 伏擊 | ambush | *tʰɯmʔ | *tɯmʔ | tʰam¹ | |
523 | 伏擊 | ambush | GHl *tʰomʔ | |||
524 | 浮 | float | *ɓəw | *Cəʔbəw | ||
525 | 斧子 | axe | *ɓuəɦ | [*Cəʔbuəɦ] | ||
526 | 斧子 | axe | NWCHl *Cuɦaːɲ | |||
527 | 腐爛 | rotten | *tʰuj | *tuj | tʰɯj⁵ | |
528 | 腐朽 | decay | *tʰɯːm | *tɯːm | ɗɔm¹ | |
529 | 父親 | father | *pʰaːʔ | *paːʔ | poː⁵ | |
530 | 父親 | father | Run *ɓaːɦ | |||
531 | 富 | rich | *ʋ[e]ːŋ | *C-b[ɛ]ːŋ | [ɬaj⁴hɯa²] | |
532 | 富 | rich | CHl *C-mun | |||
533 | 覆蓋 | cover up | *pʰɯt | *pɯt | [kʰɔp⁷] | |
534 | 覆蓋 | cover up | CHl *m-lom | |||
535 | 蓋 | to cover | *sʰunʔ | *sunʔ | ||
536 | 蓋 | to cover | CHl *kʰop | kʰɔp⁷ | ||
537 | 蓋 | to cover (blanket) | *sʰom | *som | tsam² | |
538 | 蓋 | to cover (blanket) | CHl *kɯːŋɦ | |||
539 | 蓋子 | lid | GHl *hŋəːt | ŋɯt⁸ | ||
540 | 乾 | dry (clothes) | GHl *ɗaːw | |||
541 | 乾涸 | dry | *kʰɯːɦ | *[k/x]ɯːɦ | kʰaː¹ | |
542 | 乾飯 | dry rice | *tʰaːɦ | *taːɦ | tʰow¹ | |
543 | 乾飯 | dry rice | *C-m[e]ːk | *C-m[ɛ]ːk | ||
544 | 乾淨 | clean | *tçʰiːŋɦ | *[c/ç]iːŋɦ | tsʰiəŋ⁵ | |
545 | 乾淨 | clean | CHl *C-liːŋɦ | |||
546 | 甘薯 | yam | *hŋwəːj | *ŋwəːj | mɔːn¹ | |
547 | 甘薯 | yam | GHl *C-mən | |||
548 | 甘薯 | yam | Qi *C-muːŋ | |||
549 | 甘蔗 | sugarcane | *C-ma[ː]jʔ | *C-ma[ː]jʔ | mɯaj¹ | |
550 | 肝 | liver | *C-ŋaːn | *C-ŋaːn | ŋuən¹ | |
551 | 趕 | drive cattle | *C-luːt | *C-luːt | [hua²] | |
552 | 趕 | drive cattle | Run *ɦuə | |||
553 | 趕 | hurry | ECHl *C-luːjʔ | |||
554 | 趕上 | overtake | *hnəːnɦ | *nəːnɦ | [pʰeːk⁹kʰuən¹] | |
555 | 敢 | dare | CHl *ʔɯːɦ | |||
556 | 感冒 | catch cold | GHl *hləːm | [mɯ²] | ||
557 | 感冒 | catch cold | *kʰət | *[k/x]ət | [vɯat⁷] | |
558 | 剛才 | a moment ago | GHl *ʔənʔ | [tsaːt⁹] | ||
559 | 剛剛 | just (now) | *C-nəwʔ | *C-nəwʔ | [tsaːt⁹] | |
560 | 缸 | jar | GHl *kəːŋʔ | kɔːŋ¹ | ||
561 | 鋼 | steel | *Cuɦaːc | *Cuɣaːc | huaʔ⁷ | |
562 | 高 | high | *pʰaːk | *paːk | pʰɯː⁵ | |
563 | 高興 | happy | GHl *hlin | |||
564 | 高興 | happy | GHl *tçɯː | |||
565 | 高興 | happy | Qi *tçəwɦ | |||
566 | 睪丸 | testicles | ECHl *ʔuːk | |||
567 | 睪丸 | testicles | *hjɯːm | *jɯːm | tsum¹ | |
568 | 睪丸 | testicles | *hmaːnʔ | *maːnʔ | pɔːn² | |
569 | 睪丸 | testicles | Run *m-ləjʔ | |||
570 | 哥哥 | elder brother | *ʔ[e]ːŋʔ | *ʔ[ɛ]ːŋʔ | ʔeːŋ¹ | |
571 | 哥哥 | elder brother | CHl *hləwʔ | |||
572 | 胳臂 | arm | *kʰiːn | *[k/x]iːn | [tɯːn¹] | |
573 | 胳肢 | armpit | *tçək | *Cəʔɟək | tsi¹ | |
574 | 胳肢 | armpit | GHl *tçi | |||
575 | 胳肢 | armpit | GHl *ɾik | lit⁷ | ||
576 | 割 | reap | *tʰət | *tət | ||
577 | 割 | reap | CHl *kʰiːwɦ | [pʰɯːw¹] | ||
578 | 割 | reap | *tʰu[n/ɲ] | *tu[n/ɲ] | ||
579 | 個 | object clf. | *ɦom | *C-ɣom | kɔːm⁴ | |
580 | 個 | person clf. | *tçuːn | *Cəʔɟuːn | [ŋuən¹] | |
581 | 個 | animal clf. | *C-ləŋ | *C-ləŋ | ||
582 | 個 | child clf. | *ɦɯːʔ | *C-ɣɯːʔ | ||
583 | 給 | give | CHl *hnɯːŋɦ | [mɯan¹] | ||
584 | 給 | give | NCHl *kuːɦ | |||
585 | 給 | give | *ɗɯː | *Cəʔdɯː | ||
586 | 根 | root | *hriːw | *riːw | [tat⁷] | |
587 | 根 | root | CHl *kiː | |||
588 | 根 | root | Qi *hwən | |||
589 | 根 | root | NCHl *kʰɯːŋɦ | |||
590 | 根 | root | Run *ɾiːp | |||
591 | 跟 | with | *Cuɾuː | *Cu[d/ɖ]uː | [ɗuən¹] | |
592 | 弓 | bow | *ʋəc | *C-bəc | [viː²] | |
593 | 弓弦 | bowstring | GHl *hruː | [tɯj¹] | ||
594 | 公雞 | rooster | *pʰaːʔ | *paːʔ | ||
595 | 公雞 | rooster | *kʰəj | *[k/x]əj | kʰaj¹ | |
596 | 公雞 | rooster | *[ɾ/hr]jaːn | *Ci[d/r]aːn | [puan²] | |
597 | 公路 | road | *kuːn | *Cəʔguːn | ||
598 | 公水牛 | buffalo steer | *pʰaːʔ | *paːʔ | ||
599 | 公水牛 | buffalo steer | *C-naːw | *C-naːw | now¹ | |
600 | 公水牛 | buffalo steer | CHl *sʰujʔ | tsʰej¹ | ||
601 | 共同 | together | *ʔu[ː]ŋɦ | *ʔu[ː]ŋɦ | [leŋ⁵] | |
602 | 共同 | together | *tʰəːŋʔ | *təːŋʔ | [lem¹] | |
603 | 供飯 | offer food | *hruːk | *ruːk | ||
604 | 供飯 | offer food | CHl *tʰaːɦ | tʰow¹ | ||
605 | 供飯 | offer food | CHl *tçʰəːj | [vɯat⁹] | ||
606 | 狗 | dog | *hmaː | *maː | pow⁴ | |
607 | 狗豆子 | tick (insect) | *tçʰip | *[c/ç]ip | tsʰep⁷ | |
608 | 孤兒 | orphan | *hlɯːk | *lɯːk | ɬiək⁸ | |
609 | 孤兒 | orphan | Qi *ɗiʔ | |||
610 | 孤兒 | orphan | *hlaːk | *laːk | ɬak⁹ɬɯa² | |
611 | 姑 | husband’s sister | *hmiːʔ | *miːʔ | ||
612 | 姑 | husband’s sister | *ɗɯːŋ | *Cəʔdɯːŋ | ŋiən² | |
613 | 姑 | husband’s sister | CHl *ʋ[a]ːŋ | |||
614 | 姑 | husband’s sister | Qi *hŋiːn | |||
615 | 姑父 | father’s younger sister’s husband | *hjəwʔ | *jəwʔ | tsiːw¹ | |
616 | 姑父 | father’s elder sister’s husband | *tçʰiːʔ | *[c/ç]iːʔ | tsʰaːj¹ | |
617 | 姑母 | father’s younger sister | *C-wɯːʔ | *C-wɯːʔ | [fiː⁴] | |
618 | 姑母 | father’s younger sister | Run *hwaːɦ | |||
619 | 姑母 | father’s younger sister | *hŋiːn | *ŋiːn | ŋiən² | |
620 | 姑娘 | girl | *hlɯːk | *lɯːk | ||
621 | 姑娘 | girl | *ʔuːŋ | *ʔuːŋ | ʔuː¹ | |
622 | 骨頭 | bone | *Cuɾɯːk | *Cu[d/ɖ]ɯːk | liək¹⁰ | |
623 | 古代 | ancient | GHl *pʰɯːn | |||
624 | 古代 | ancient | Qi *Cuɾaː | |||
625 | 古代 | ancient | GHl *hjaː | |||
626 | 古代 | ancient | CHl *C-maːn | |||
627 | 谷倉 | granary | *hjaːwʔ | *jaːwʔ | ||
628 | 谷粒 | a grain | *ɦaːp | *C-ɣaːp | [pəːk⁸] | |
629 | 鼓 | drum | *C-ləŋ | *C-ləŋ | lɔːŋ¹ | |
630 | 瓜棚 | squash lattice | *tʰ[e]ːŋʔ | *t[ɛ]ːŋʔ | [luŋ⁴] | |
631 | 瓜棚 | squash lattice | Run *tʰeːŋɦ | |||
632 | 刮 | scratch | *tʰaːw | *taːw | [kɔːt⁹] | |
633 | 刮 | scratch | CHl *hrɯn | |||
634 | 寡婦 | widow | *hmiːʔ | *miːʔ | maːj⁵ | |
635 | 寡婦 | widow | *[ʈʂ/tç]hun | *[ʈ/c]un | puəj⁴ | |
636 | 寡婦 | widow | CHl *hməːjʔ | |||
637 | 掛 | hang up | *kʰaːɦ | *kaːɦ | kap⁸ | |
638 | 掛 | hang up | Qi *hŋəp | |||
639 | 掛搭 | set up | *ɦuːj | *C-ɣuːj | ||
640 | 關 | to close | *C-ŋət | *C-ŋət | ŋat⁷ | |
641 | 關 | to close | NCHl *hŋəːt | |||
642 | 官 | an official | *C-mun | *C-mun | [hɯa²] | |
643 | 棺材 | coffin | *ʈʂhəj | *ʈəj | tsʰaj¹ | |
644 | 棺材 | coffin | GHl *koŋɦ | [tɔː²] | ||
645 | 鰥寡 | widowed | GHl *hməːjʔ | puəj⁴ | ||
646 | 罐子 | jar | *kəj | *Cəʔgəj | [lej⁵] | |
647 | 歸還 | to return (tr.) | *sʰut | *sut | tsɔk⁷ | |
648 | 歸還 | to return (tr.) | Run *ɾuəʔ | |||
649 | 鬼 | spirit | *hwəːt | *wəːt | vɯat⁹ | |
650 | 鬼 | spirit | CHl *ʈʂhəːj | |||
651 | 跪 | kneel | *kʰuːjɦ | *kuːjɦ | pʰut⁷ | |
652 | 跪 | kneel | Qi *pʰut | |||
653 | 滾 | roll | *C-lun | *C-lun | [lam¹lin¹] | |
654 | 鍋 | pot | *tʰəw | *təw | ɗaw¹ | |
655 | 鍋巴 | rice crust | *kin | *Cəʔgin | ||
656 | 鍋巴 | rice crust | CHl *tʰiŋ | |||
657 | 鍋巴 | rice crust | *tʰəw | *təw | ||
658 | 果子 | fruit | *ʈʂhəːm | *ʈəːm | [mɯat⁷] | |
659 | 過(渡) | pass | *kuəʔ | [*Cəʔguəʔ] | kua⁵ | |
660 | 過(渡) | pass | CHl *ɗuə | |||
661 | 過(渡) | pass | Qi *Cuhrəːj | |||
662 | 害羞 | shy | CHl *ɾjɛːk | [paŋ¹] | ||
663 | 害羞 | shy | *hriː | *riː | [laː¹] | |
664 | 害羞 | shy | CHl *C-laːjʔ | |||
665 | 含 | contain | GHl *fʰəːm | [tɔm⁵] | ||
666 | 含羞草 | Mimosa pudica | CHl *hŋənʔ | kəːn⁴ | ||
667 | 含羞草 | Mimosa pudica | GHl *tçəːn | [tʰaw¹] | ||
668 | 含羞草 | Mimosa pudica | *C-ŋut | *C-ŋut | ŋɔk⁷ | |
669 | 汗 | sweat | *C-nəmʔ | *C-nəmʔ | ||
670 | 汗 | sweat | *Cuʔən | *Cuʔən | [ʔɯat⁷] | |
671 | 汗垢 | dirty sweat | GHl *C-nəmʔ | naːm¹ | ||
672 | 汗垢 | dirty sweat | GHl *tʰaːmʔ | [nɯa¹] | ||
673 | 汗垢 | dirty sweat | *kʰiː | *kiː | ||
674 | 旱 | dry | *ɾaːnɦ | *C-[d/ɖ]aːnɦ | [kʰaː¹] | |
675 | 旱 | dry | NCHl *C-ŋaːt | |||
676 | 旱螞蟥 | land leech | *tʰaːk | *taːk | ɗɯa⁵ | |
677 | 旱鴨 | land duck | *C-ŋaːnɦ | *C-ŋaːnɦ | ||
678 | 漢人 | Chinese | *C-məːj | *C-məːj | muəj¹ | |
679 | 行 | row (clf.) | *hrəːjɦ | *rəːjɦ | tuj⁵ | |
680 | 毫豬 | porcupine | *ɗəj | *Cəʔdəj | tiː¹ | |
681 | 好 | good | *hlin | *lin | [maŋ¹] | |
682 | 喝 | drink | CHl *Ciɦaːw | |||
683 | 喝 | drink | *hruːnɦ | *ruːnɦ | kuːn⁵ | |
684 | 喝 | drink | Meifu *kuːnɦ | |||
685 | 喝 | drink | *tʰəːŋʔ | *təːŋʔ | [leŋ⁵lem¹] | |
686 | 和 | and | *ʔuːŋɦ | *ʔuːŋɦ | [ɓeː¹] | |
687 | 和 | and | Run *C-məj | |||
688 | 核 | fruit pit | *ʔiwɦ | *ʔiwɦ | [hɯət⁷] | |
689 | 核 | fruit pit | CHl *ʔuːk | |||
690 | 黑色 | black | *ɗəmʔ | *Cəʔdəmʔ | [tsʰej¹] | |
691 | 橫 | horizontal | *ɦən | *C-ɣən | [tiam¹] | |
692 | 烘 | bake | *Cuhrɯmʔ | *Curɯmʔ | [ŋuət⁹] | |
693 | 烘 | bake | GHl *ʔiːŋ | |||
694 | 紅色 | red | GHl *hraːnʔ | [ɬɯːn⁴] | ||
695 | 紅色 | red | Qi *hlaːt | |||
696 | 紅螞蟻 | red ant | *hmuc | *muc | ||
697 | 紅螞蟻 | red ant | *Cuɦɯːʔ | *Cuɣɯːʔ | [kuːt⁹] | |
698 | 紅藤 | red vine | *kuːŋ | *Cəʔguːŋ | kiət⁷ | |
699 | 紅藤 | red vine | Run *kat | |||
700 | 虹 | rainbow | CHl *tçʰomʔ | tsɔŋ² | ||
701 | 虹 | rainbow | *ʔok | *ʔok | ||
702 | 虹 | rainbow | CHl *ʈʂhun | tɔŋ¹ | ||
703 | 哄 | coax | *tçəw | *Cəʔɟəw | tsɯt⁷ | |
704 | 哄 | coax | Qi *tçut | |||
705 | 喉嚨 | throat | GHl *kʰəːk | [lɔːk⁸] | ||
706 | 喉嚨 | throat | Run *tʰiːw | |||
707 | 猴子 | monkey | *C-nok | *C-nok | nɔːk⁹tsʰaːŋ¹ | |
708 | 瘊子 | wart | *sʰuːc | *suːc | [mɯ²tsʰiaw⁵] | |
709 | 吼 | roar | *ɦok | *C-ɣok | hɔːk⁸ | |
710 | 後面 | rear | *pʰəjʔ | *pəjʔ | pʰaːj⁵ | |
711 | 後面 | rear | *[ʈʂ/tç]huɲʔ | *[ʈ/c]uɲʔ | ɗuən³ | |
712 | 後面 | rear | CHl *ɗuːnʔ | |||
713 | 後面 | rear | NCHl *[ʈʂ/tç]hiː | |||
714 | 後年 | two years later | *hmuːɦ | *muːɦ | maː¹ | |
715 | 後年 | two years later | *C-ɲɯː | *C-ɲɯː | naː¹ | |
716 | 後天 | two days later | *hŋwən | *ŋwən | [kɯ²] | |
717 | 後天 | two days later | CHl *hməjʔ | |||
718 | 後天 | two days later | *C-ɲɯː | *C-ɲɯː | [naː¹] | |
719 | 厚 | thick | *C-naː | *C-naː | now¹ | |
720 | 狐狸 | fox | *hnom[ʔ] | *nom[ʔ] | [tsip⁷] | |
721 | 狐狸 | fox | *C-muc | *C-muc | [tsʰuŋ¹] | |
722 | 鬍子 | beard | *hmɯːmʔ | *mɯːmʔ | mum² | |
723 | 葫蘆 | bottle gourd | GHl *hraːjɦ | [ɗuk⁷] | ||
724 | 蝴蝶 | butterfly | *hmiːʔ | *miːʔ | ||
725 | 蝴蝶 | butterfly | *hljom | *Cilom | ||
726 | 蝴蝶 | butterfly | Qi *kəŋʔ | [ɓaŋ⁵] | ||
727 | 蝴蝶 | butterfly | Qi *kəːŋ | [ɓɯa¹] | ||
728 | 戶 | household clf. | *ɗun | *Cəʔdun | tuŋ¹ | |
729 | 戽水 | bail water | *hwiːt | *wiːt | vet⁷ | |
730 | 戽水 | bail water | NWCHl *fʰəːj | |||
731 | 花 | flower | *ʈʂh[e]ːŋ | *ʈ[ɛ]ːŋ | [ŋɯa¹] | |
732 | 花邊/紋 | lace, pattern | *pʰaːnʔ | *paːnʔ | [liaw⁴ŋɯa¹] | |
733 | 滑 | slippery | *kiːt | *Cəʔgiːt | ɲɯan⁵ | |
734 | 滑 | slippery | Qi *hɲɯːn | |||
735 | 滑脫 | slip off | *m-ləc | *m-ləc | [mut⁷] | |
736 | 滑脫 | slip off | Run *m-lɯt | |||
737 | 懷念 | yearn | (*C-ŋup) | (*C-ŋup) | [kua⁴] | |
738 | 懷念 | yearn | GHl *C-ŋuːjɦ | |||
739 | 懷孕 | pregnant | GHl *ʔəːm | |||
740 | 懷孕 | pregnant | Run *hj[a]ːŋʔ | |||
741 | 壞 | bad | *ɾjaːk | *Ci[d/ɖ]aːk | [ʔaj¹] | |
742 | 壞(蛋) | rotten (egg) | *Cuhraːwʔ | *Curaːwʔ | [tsum¹luəŋ²] | |
743 | 緩慢 | slow | GHl *hnəːŋʔ | [tsəŋ²] | ||
744 | 緩慢 | slow | Qi *fʰəːj | |||
745 | 換 | change clothes | *C-ləw | *C-ləw | law¹ | |
746 | 換 | exchange | CHl *m-ləj | |||
747 | 荒地 | wasteland | NCHl *ɗaːwʔ | |||
748 | 荒地 | wasteland | GHl *hmuːŋ | [faː²] | ||
749 | 黃蜂 | wasp | *m-luː | *m-luː | law¹ | |
750 | 黃蜂 | wasp | GHl *tʰin | |||
751 | 黃蜂 | wasp | *hmiːʔ | *miːʔ | ||
752 | 黃蜂 | wasp | *C-laːɦ | *C-laːɦ | ||
753 | 黃牛 | cow | *C-ɲiw | *C-ɲiw | naw¹ | |
754 | 黃色 | yellow | *hlj[a]ːŋ | *Cil[a]ːŋ | [tsaj⁴] | |
755 | 灰色 | grey | GHl *hmaːwɦ | [pʰuː¹] | ||
756 | 灰色 | grey | NCHl *m-luŋɦ | |||
757 | 揮動 | to wave | *hwit | *wit | [viən⁴] | |
758 | 揮動 | to wave | NWCHl *ʔuːj | |||
759 | 回 | trip clf. | *ɓɯːɦ | *Cəʔbɯːɦ | [lem¹] | |
760 | 回 | trip clf. | GHl *kuːn | |||
761 | 回來 | come back | *hmɯː | *mɯː | pəː⁴ | |
762 | 回來 | come back | *C-lɯːŋ | *C-lɯːŋ | ||
763 | 回去 | go back | *hmɯː | *mɯː | pəː⁴ | |
764 | 會 | able | *kiːw | *Cəʔgiːw | kiw¹ | |
765 | 會 | able | NWCHl *kʰuŋ | |||
766 | 會 | able | Run *hməɰʔ | |||
767 | 昏迷 | unconscious | *hnəp | *nəp | ||
768 | 昏迷 | unconscious | Run *hləmʔ | |||
769 | 混合 | blend | *C-ɲuːk | *C-ɲuːk | [leːw¹] | |
770 | 混雜 | mix | CHl *ɾom | |||
771 | 混雜 | mix | CHl *ɾəp | |||
772 | 火 | fire | GHl *fʰiː | paj¹ | ||
773 | 火把 | torch | *tçʰin | *[c/ç]in | tʰam¹ | |
774 | 火把 | torch | Qi *tʰəm | |||
775 | 雞 | chicken | *kʰəj | *[k/x]əj | kʰaj¹ | |
776 | 雞冠 | cockscomb (Celosia cristata) | *ɗeːɦ | *Cəʔdɛːɦ | piːw⁵ | |
777 | 雞冠 | cockscomb (Celosia cristata) | CHl *fʰiːwɦ | |||
778 | 雞冠花 | cockscomb flower (Celosia cristata) | *ʈʂh[e]ːŋ | *ʈ[ɛ]ːŋ | [ŋɯa¹] | |
779 | 雞冠花 | cockscomb flower (Celosia cristata) | CHl *fʰiːwɦ | piːw⁵ | ||
780 | 雞冠花 | cockscomb flower (Celosia cristata) | *kʰəj | *[k/x]əj | kʰaj¹ | |
781 | 雞蝨 | chicken louse | *hjəwʔ | *jəwʔ | [tsʰiːt⁷fow¹] | |
782 | 雞蝨 | chicken louse | Run *hjəwɦ | |||
783 | 雞窩 | chicken roost | *ɾuːk | *C-[d/ɖ]uːk | luːʔ⁸ | |
784 | 雞窩 | chicken roost | Qi *m-ləːmʔ | |||
785 | 積累 | accumulate | *ʈʂhɯːmʔ | *ʈɯːmʔ | vɯam¹ | |
786 | 積累 | accumulate | Qi *ʋɯːmʔ | |||
787 | 積水 | accumulate water | *C-nəmʔ | *C-nəmʔ | naːm¹ | |
788 | 積水 | accumulate water | *Cuɾ[e]ːŋʔ | *Cu[d/ɖ][ɛ]ːŋʔ | [vɯːn⁴] | |
789 | 麂子 | muntjac | *C-ləːj | *C-ləːj | lej¹ | |
790 | 忌嘴 | taboo food | *C-ŋəc | *C-ŋəc | ŋaːt⁹ | |
791 | 忌日 | death anniversary | GHl *hŋwən | vɔːn¹ | ||
792 | 忌日 | death anniversary | *Cuɦəwɦ | *Cuɣəwɦ | maːw¹ | |
793 | 忌日 | death anniversary | CHl *C-məwʔ | |||
794 | 忌諱 | taboo | GHl *C-məwʔ | maːw¹ | ||
795 | 祭祀 | sacrifice | *ɓən | *Cəʔbən | ||
796 | 祭祀 | sacrifice | Run *C-liːɦ | |||
797 | 祭祀 | sacrifice | Run *ʈʂhə:j | |||
798 | 髻 | hairbun | (*C-ɲet) | (*C-ɲet) | pɔŋ¹ | |
799 | 髻 | hairbun | CHl *fʰunʔ | |||
800 | 夾 | press under arm | *ɦeːp | *C-ɣɛːp | ||
801 | 夾 | press together | *tçʰiːp | *[c/ç]iːp | ||
802 | 夾 | press together | CHl *tʰiːp | |||
803 | 甲蟲 | beetle | *hmiːʔ | *miːʔ | [kɯ²] | |
804 | 甲蟲 | beetle | *ɾaːp | *C-[d/ɖ]aːp | [paːp⁸] | |
805 | 假如 | if | *C-laːjʔ | *C-laːjʔ | ||
806 | 架 | handle clf. | GHl *fʰiːnʔ | |||
807 | 嫁 | marry | *kʰuːjʔ | *[k/x]uːjʔ | pəː⁴low⁵ | |
808 | 嫁 | marry | CHl *hmɯː | |||
809 | 尖刀 | dagger | *hljiwʔ | *Ciliwʔ | [ɬiək⁸kʰua¹] | |
810 | 肩膀 | shoulder | *ʋaːɦ | *C-baːɦ | [vet¹⁰] | |
811 | 撿 | collect | *sʰip | *sip | [vɯam¹] | |
812 | 撿 | collect | GHl *ʋun | |||
813 | 剪 | cut | *hrəp | *rəp | ||
814 | 剪 | cut | NCHl *hrəːp | |||
815 | 碱(水) | alkali (water) | GHl *hjəːk | [naːm¹faː¹] | ||
816 | 見 | see | *C-laːjʔ | *C-laːjʔ | [maj¹tsʰuəŋ⁵] | |
817 | 件 | clothing clf. | *fʰənʔ | *fənʔ | paːn¹ | |
818 | 劍 | sword | GHl *kɯːmɦ | |||
819 | 濺 | splash | *tçʰinɦ | *[c/ç]inɦ | tsʰit⁷ | |
820 | 箭 | arrow | *C-ŋəːt | *C-ŋəːt | ŋɯət⁷ | |
821 | 箭 | arrow | NCHl *hləmʔ | |||
822 | 箭 | arrow | *sʰiːp | *siːp | [peː¹] | |
823 | 薑 | ginger | *kʰɯːŋ | *kɯːŋ | kʰɯəŋ⁵ | |
824 | 繮繩 | reins | *hmən | *mən | puən⁴ | |
825 | 繮繩 | reins | NCHl *ɗəːj | |||
826 | 降 | fall | *[ʈʂ/tç]hɯːʔ | *ʈɯːʔ | taːw¹ | |
827 | 交換 | exchange | GHl (*ɓəːk) | ɓɔːk⁷tʰaː¹ | ||
828 | 交換 | exchange | CHl *m-ləj | |||
829 | 澆水 | to water | *pʰəːŋʔ | *pəːŋʔ | pʰɔŋ¹ | |
830 | 教 | teach | *sʰun | *sun | ||
831 | 嚼 | chew | *sʰaːk | *saːk | tsʰɯa⁵ | |
832 | 嚼 | chew | NWCHl *pʰ[a]ːk | |||
833 | 角 | horn | *ɦəw | *C-ɣəw | haw⁴ | |
834 | 角落 | corner | *hjuːŋ | *juːŋ | tsʰuəŋ¹tsʰɔːk⁹ | |
835 | 腳 | leg | *kʰok | *kok | hɔːk⁹ | |
836 | 腳趾 | toe | *sʰit | *sit | tsap⁹tsia⁴ | |
837 | 腳趾 | toe | Run *hljiːŋɦ | |||
838 | 攪拌 | stir | *ɦunɦ | *C-ɣunɦ | [laː⁵] | |
839 | 攪拌 | stir | CHl *hrunɦ | |||
840 | 叫(馬) | cry (horse) | GHl *ʔiːŋB | [kow⁴] | ||
841 | 叫(馬) | cry (horse) | CHl *kiːk | |||
842 | 叫(鳥) | cry (bird) | *ɾəːŋ | *C-[d/ɖ]əːŋ | [huː¹] | |
843 | 叫做 | be called | *tçaːn | *Cəʔɟaːn | [kow⁴] | |
844 | 覺 | sleep clf. | *pʰuj | *puj | [lem¹] | |
845 | 結果 | bear fruit | *tçiːŋ | *Cəʔɟiːŋ | tseŋ¹ | |
846 | 結果 | bear fruit | *ʈʂhəːm | *ʈəːm | [mɯat⁷] | |
847 | 結束 | conclude | GHl *tçʰəːp | [ləːj²] | ||
848 | 結束 | conclude | *ɓaːjʔ | *Cəʔbaːjʔ | ||
849 | 結束 | conclude | Run *ɓəːjʔ | |||
850 | 接 | connect | *ʔɯː | *ʔɯː | [tsuː⁵] | |
851 | 揭開 | uncover | *Cuɦaːŋ | *Cuɣaːŋ | lɯa⁵ | |
852 | 揭開 | uncover | Qi *C-l[a]ːk | |||
853 | 揭開 | uncover | Run *hwaːɦ | |||
854 | 節 | joint; node | *tʰunɦ | *tunɦ | [tow¹] | |
855 | 劫 | rob | GHl *kiːt | |||
856 | 姐夫 | elder sister’s husband | *hjəwʔ | *jəwʔ | tsiːw¹ | |
857 | 姐姐 | elder sister | *ʔiːɦ | *ʔiːɦ | [ʔuː¹] | |
858 | 姐姐 | elder sister | CHl *kʰɯːʔ | |||
859 | 解剖 | cut open (fish belly) | *ɓujɦ | *Cəʔbujɦ | puj¹ | |
860 | 疥瘡 | scabies | *C-niːʔ | *C-niːʔ | naːj¹ | |
861 | 疥瘡 | scabies | GHl *kʰom | kʰam¹ | ||
862 | 今天 | today | *hŋwən | *ŋwən | vɔːn¹ | |
863 | 今天 | today | *C-niːɦ | *C-niːɦ | nɛː⁵ | |
864 | 今天 | today | Run *C-neːɦ | |||
865 | 筋 | tendon | *hriːw | *riːw | [tat⁷] | |
866 | 筋 | tendon | Qi *hwən | |||
867 | 筋 | tendon | Run *C-ɲiːw | |||
868 | 僅 | only | GHl *C-mənʔ | |||
869 | 緊 | tight | *hməːnʔ | *məːnʔ | [kiːn²] | |
870 | 緊 | tight | Qi *hwət | |||
871 | 緊 | pull tight | *kɯŋ | *Cəʔgɯŋ | kɯŋ⁵ | |
872 | 緊密 | dense | *tʰiːt | *tiːt | [niːt⁹] | |
873 | 近 | near | *m-lɯːʔ | *m-lɯːʔ | laː¹ | |
874 | 近 | near | NWCHl *ɦiːt | |||
875 | 進 | enter | *hluːt | *luːt | [tʰaw⁴] | |
876 | 浸泡 | soak | CHl *ɾok | |||
877 | 浸泡 | soak | GHl *ɗəːmʔ | tsiəm⁴ | ||
878 | 禁母 | shamaness | *hmiːʔ | *miːʔ | maːj⁵ | |
879 | 禁母 | shamaness | Qi *hmiʔ | |||
880 | 禁母 | shamaness | *kimʔ | *Cəʔgimʔ | kim¹ | |
881 | 禁忌 | prohibit | *Cuɦəwɦ | *Cuɣəwɦ | [maːw¹] | |
882 | 經過 | pass | ECHl *Cuɦəːj | |||
883 | 精稻 | non-glutinous rice | *C-muːnʔ | *C-muːnʔ | ||
884 | 精稻 | non-glutinous rice | CHl *C-muc | muət⁹ | ||
885 | 精稻 | non-glutinous rice | *C-mɯːʔ | *C-mɯːʔ | ||
886 | 精稻 | non-glutinous rice | CHl *tçiːmʔ | tsiam¹ | ||
887 | 精液 | semen | *C-nəmʔ | *C-nəmʔ | naːm¹ | |
888 | 精液 | semen | CHl *m-l[a]ːŋ | [tam¹] | ||
889 | 精液 | semen | NCHl *hliːk | |||
890 | 井 | a well | GHl *tʰoŋɦ | tʰɔŋ⁵ | ||
891 | 井 | a well | CHl *tçuːŋʔ | |||
892 | 頸瘤 | neck tumor | *ʈʂhəːm | *ʈəːm | [pam²] | |
893 | 頸瘤 | neck tumor | *hljoŋʔ | *Ciloŋʔ | [ʔɔː⁵] | |
894 | 頸瘤 | neck tumor | Qi *kʰəːk | |||
895 | 頸瘤 | neck tumor | Run *tʰiːw | |||
896 | 九 | nine | *C-wɯːʔ | *C-wɯːʔ | fəː¹ | |
897 | 久 | long ago | *kaːwʔ | *Cəʔgaːwʔ | [ʔjɔːt⁹] | |
898 | 酒 | alcohol | *C-ŋaːwɦ | *C-ŋaːwɦ | ŋəːw² | |
899 | 酒 | alcohol | NWCHl *pʰuː | |||
900 | 酒窩 | dimple | *C-nəːk | *C-nəːk | [ɗiːn⁵] | |
901 | 酒藥 | brewer’s yeast | *C-lɯːmʔ | *C-lɯːmʔ | hɔːm⁴ | |
902 | 酒藥 | brewer’s yeast | CHl *Cuɦom | |||
903 | 酒藥 | brewer’s yeast | NECHl *hjaː | |||
904 | 舊 | old | *C-maːn | *C-maːn | ||
905 | 舊 | old | GHl *kʰəwɦ | hiːw¹ | ||
906 | 臼 | mortar | *ɾəw | *C-[d/ɖ]əw | luː⁴ | |
907 | 舅父 | mother’s younger brother | *hnɯːʔ | *nɯːʔ | niː⁴ | |
908 | 舅母 | mother’s younger brother’s wife | *hmiː | *miː | miː⁴ | |
909 | 橘黃 | orange | *ɗaːŋʔ | *Cəʔdaːŋʔ | ||
910 | 舉 | lift | *ɾjɯnɦ | *Ci[d/ɖ]ɯnɦ | [tiː¹] | |
911 | 句 | speech clf. | GHl *f[a]ːk | [tuəŋ⁵] | ||
912 | 句 | speech clf. | NECHl *ɦom | |||
913 | 聚集 | assemble | *tʰuːnʔ | *tuːnʔ | [leŋ⁵lem¹] | |
914 | 聚集 | assemble | NECHl *[ʈʂ/tç]humʔ | |||
915 | 圈 | animal pen | *sʰuːnɦ | *suːnɦ | [lɔːŋ⁵] | |
916 | 蕨草 | fern | GHl *Ciɦəːnʔ | |||
917 | 蕨草 | fern | GHl *kaːnɦ | [kɯːt⁹] | ||
918 | 開 | open up | *tʰɯːn | *tɯːn | [ʔow¹] | |
919 | 開 | open up | GHl *Cuʈʂhinɦ | |||
920 | 開荒 | develop land | *hməc | *məc | pet⁸ | |
921 | 開荒 | develop land | Qi *kut | |||
922 | 開始 | begin | *C-ɲoŋʔ | *C-ɲoŋʔ | ||
923 | 開始 | begin | *Cuhrəwʔ | *Curəwʔ | ||
924 | 開玩笑 | joke | GHl *Cuɦəːŋ | [tsok⁷] | ||
925 | 開玩笑 | joke | Run *C-naːwʔ | |||
926 | 開玩笑 | joke | *tʰəːŋʔ | *təːŋʔ | tʰaː¹ | |
927 | 砍 | chop | GHl *ʋəːn | [tʰaːn¹] | ||
928 | 砍 | chop | CHl *kaːjɦ | |||
929 | 砍 | chop | GHl *ɾəwɦ | [tʰaːn¹] | ||
930 | 砍 | chop | *ɓiːwʔ | *Cəʔbiːwʔ | [pʰat⁷] | |
931 | 看 | look | CHl *hljuːjʔ | |||
932 | 看 | look | Run *C-loː | |||
933 | 看 | look | *kiw | *Cəʔgiw | [maj¹] | |
934 | 糠 | chaff | *hrom | *rom | kəm¹ | |
935 | 糠心 | chaff core | *hwaːʔ | *waːʔ | [vɔːp⁹] | |
936 | 扛 | carry on shoulder | *ɓiːk | *Cəʔbiːk | fiː² | |
937 | 烤 | roast | CHl *ʔiːŋ | |||
938 | 烤火 | roast over fire | *ʔɯmɦ | *ʔɯmɦ | [tuː⁵] | |
939 | 靠 | lean on | *[ʈʂ/tç]hɯːŋ | *[ʈ/c]ɯːŋ | ||
940 | 靠 | rely on | *hmiːŋɦ | *miːŋɦ | [ʔua⁵] | |
941 | 靠 | rely on | NECHl *ʔɯːŋʔ | |||
942 | 顆 | tree clf. | *tʰuːnʔ | *tuːnʔ | ɗuən¹ | |
943 | 顆 | tree clf. | GHl *kʰɯːŋɦ | |||
944 | 蝌蚪 | tadpole | GHl *hnuː | [ʔuəŋ⁵] | ||
945 | 蝌蚪 | tadpole | Run *tçiːw | |||
946 | 咳嗽 | cough | GHl *hriə | kia¹ | ||
947 | 客人 | guest | *ɓəwʔ | *Cəʔbəwʔ | fuən¹ | |
948 | 客人 | guest | CHl *C-waːn | |||
949 | 客人 | guest | *ʔaːw | *ʔaːw | [low⁵] | |
950 | 客人 | guest | Run *fʰaːw[ɦ] | |||
951 | 啃 | gnaw | *Cuɦəːt | *Cuɣəːt | hɯət¹⁰ | |
952 | 空 | empty | ECHl *hruːʔ | |||
953 | 空 | empty | NECHl *hrəwʔ | |||
954 | 空 | empty | *Cuɾəjɦ | *Cu[d/ɖ]əjɦ | ||
955 | 口袋 | GHl *hnəjɦ | [ɗoŋ²] | |||
956 | 口袋 | CHl *tçʰəmʔ | ||||
957 | 口袋 | NCHl *ɗaːjʔ | ||||
958 | 口弦 | Jew’s harp | *ɾjəj | *Ci[d/ɖ]əj | tsaj² | |
959 | 枯枝 | dry branch | *Cuɦinɦ | *Cuɣinɦ | [kʰow¹kʰaː¹] | |
960 | 枯枝 | dry branch | Run *hniː | |||
961 | 哭 | weep | *C-ŋiːʔ | *C-ŋiːʔ | ŋaːj¹ | |
962 | 苦 | bitter | *C-ɦəːm | *C-ɣəːm | ziam⁴ | |
963 | 跨 | step over | *Ciɦaːmɦ | *Ciɣaːmɦ | hɔːm² | |
964 | 跨 | step over | *C-ɦaːmɦ | *C-ɣaːmɦ | ||
965 | 快 | fast | *hjinʔ | *jinʔ | tsʰiaŋ⁵ | |
966 | 快樂 | happy | GHl *hlin | [tsʰeŋ²] | ||
967 | 快樂 | happy | CHl *fʰət | [kʰuaj⁴] | ||
968 | 快樂 | happy | Qi *tçuːʔ | |||
969 | 塊 | piece | *tʰun | *tun | [ɗat⁷] | |
970 | 筷子 | chopsticks | *tʰiːp | *tiːp | tsʰep⁷ | |
971 | 寬 | wide | *ɓ[e]ːŋ | *Cəʔb[ɛ]ːŋ | [viː⁴] | |
972 | 捆 | tie up | GHl *kʰəːnʔ | kʰɯan¹ | ||
973 | 捆 | bundle clf. | *ɓiːk | *Cəʔbiːk | [puək⁹] | |
974 | 拉 | pull (things) | *hjiːt | *jiːt | [tʰɯj¹] | |
975 | 拉 | pull (rope) | *hriwɦ | *riwɦ | [tʰɯj¹] | |
976 | 辣 | spicy | *hrit | *rit | [kəŋ⁵] | |
977 | 來 | come | *hmɯːn | *mɯːn | mɯŋ⁴ | |
978 | 來 | come | Run *pʰɯː | |||
979 | 癩蛤蟆 | toad | CHl *Cuɦok | [kəp⁷] | ||
980 | 藍色 | blue | *kʰiːw | *[k/x]iːw | kʰew¹ | |
981 | 藍靛 | indigo | *tçʰiːŋ | *[c/ç]iːŋ | [taː¹] | |
982 | 藍靛 | indigo | NCHl *fʰɯːʔ | |||
983 | 懶惰 | lazy | *C-laːnʔ | *C-laːnʔ | [lɯam²] | |
984 | 爛 | rotten | *ʔɯːnʔ | *ʔɯːnʔ | [ɲɯːt⁸] | |
985 | 撈 | drag | *kʰunʔ | *[k/x]unʔ | [luː³] | |
986 | 撈 | drag | *Cuɦəc | *Cuɣəc | vaːt⁹ | |
987 | 撈 | drag | Run *kʰəwʔ | |||
988 | 嘮叨 | nag | *C-ŋəm[ʔ] | *C-ŋəm[ʔ] | ŋam⁵tsɔk⁸ | |
989 | 老 | old | *hjaː | *jaː | tsoː¹ | |
990 | 老 | old | *kiːnʔ | *Cəʔgiːnʔ | ||
991 | 老鼠 | mouse | *hniw | *niw | kew⁴ | |
992 | 勒 | strangle | *ɾəc | *C-[d/ɖ]əc | lat¹⁰ | |
993 | 雷 | thunder | *ʔom | *ʔom | [hu¹vuəj¹] | |
994 | 雷公 | thunder god | GHl *C-ɲaːmʔ | [hu¹vuəj¹] | ||
995 | 肋骨 | ribs | *kʰaːŋʔ | *[k/x]aːŋʔ | kʰeːŋ¹ | |
996 | 壘 | pile up | *ɦaːn | *C-ɣaːn | [tsʰuəj³] | |
997 | 壘 | pile up | CHl *pʰəwʔ | |||
998 | 冷 | cold | *kʰaːjɦ | *[k/x]aːjɦ | kʰɯaj¹ | |
999 | 犁鏡 | part of plough | *ɗiːk | *Cəʔdiːk | ɗiak⁹ | |
1000 | 黎族 | Hlai | *hləj | *ləj | ɬaj⁴ | |
1001 | 籬笆 | fence | GHl *kəːp | [lɯj⁴] | ||
1002 | 裡面 | inside | GHl *pʰəjʔ | [tsʰuː¹] | ||
1003 | 裡面 | inside | *ʔuːk | *ʔuːk | [keː⁴] | |
1004 | 鯉魚 | carp | *hlaː | *laː | ||
1005 | 鯉魚 | carp | GHl *hɲaːt | |||
1006 | 鯉魚 | carp | NWCHl *C-minʔ | |||
1007 | 力氣 | strength | *kʰuːɦ | *[k/x]uːɦ | kʰaːw¹ | |
1008 | 荔枝 | lychee | *ʈʂhəːm | *ʈəːm | [mɯat⁷] | |
1009 | 荔枝 | lychee | *[ʈʂ/tç]həːjʔ | *[ʈ/c]əːjʔ | [tɯan¹] | |
1010 | 連接 | connect | *tçʰuːnʔ | *[c/ç]uːnʔ | [tsiap⁷] | |
1011 | 連接 | connect | NECHl *ɓaː | |||
1012 | 臉 | face | *ɗəŋ | *Cəʔdəŋ | [pʰan¹] | |
1013 | 戀愛 | be in love | *hrjɯːk | *Cirɯːk | [ləː⁴] | |
1014 | 凉 | cool (water) | GHl *hrən | [ɓeːk⁷] | ||
1015 | 量 | measure (fabric) | GHl *pʰəŋ | [ɬɔːŋ⁴] | ||
1016 | 量 | measure (rice) | *C-lɯːŋʔ | *C-lɯːŋʔ | ɬɔːŋ⁴ | |
1017 | 兩 | pair | *C-lɯːŋɦ | *C-lɯːŋɦ | lɯaŋ⁵ | |
1018 | 亮 | bright | *ɗinʔ | *Cəʔdinʔ | ɗin¹ | |
1019 | 亮 | bright | NCHl *C-liːŋ | |||
1020 | 晾 | dry in sun | GHl *kəːj | |||
1021 | 晾 | dry in sun | Run *ɦaːɦ | |||
1022 | 寮房 | child’s house | *kujʔ | *Cəʔgujʔ | [ɗɔː¹] | |
1023 | 寮房 | child’s house | NECHl *m-loŋʔ | |||
1024 | 寮房 | child’s house | Run *ɬɯːk | |||
1025 | 獵狗 | hunting dog | *hmaː | *maː | ||
1026 | 獵狗 | hunting dog | *hɲaːwʔ | *ɲaːwʔ | ||
1027 | 裂開 | crack, split | *tʰiːŋʔ | *tiːŋʔ | [ket⁷] | |
1028 | 鱗 | fish scale | *C-ləːp | *C-ləːp | [liːt⁹] | |
1029 | 吝嗇 | stingy | *kʰiːt | *[k/x]iːt | kʰiːt⁹ | |
1030 | 靈魂 | spirit | *Cuɦɯː | *Cuɣɯː | haː⁴ | |
1031 | 流 | flow | *C-maːw | *C-maːw | [lɔːt⁸] | |
1032 | 留 | stay | *hjəw | *jəw | tɯan¹ | |
1033 | 留 | stay | Qi *[ʈʂ/tç]həːnɦ | |||
1034 | 瘤 | tumor | GHl *fʰəːn | [tʰup⁷] | ||
1035 | 六 | six | *hnom | *nom | nəm⁴ | |
1036 | 龍 | dragon | *hnəŋ | *nəŋ | təːŋ⁴ | |
1037 | 龍眼 | longyan | *ʈʂhəːm | *ʈəːm | [mɯat⁷] | |
1038 | 龍眼 | longyan | *ɓənʔ | *Cəʔbənʔ | piən¹ | |
1039 | 聾 | deaf | *hləːk | *ləːk | ɬaː²taŋ⁵ | |
1040 | 漏(雨) | leak (rain) | *Ciɦəp | *Ciɣəp | hɔːp⁹ | |
1041 | 漏(水) | leak (water) | *ɾəɲ | *C-[d/ɖ]əɲ | ||
1042 | 蘆葦 | reed | GHl *fʰaːw | [mɯaj¹tsʰaːŋ¹] | ||
1043 | 路 | road | *kuːn | *Cəʔguːn | [tin¹] | |
1044 | 鹿 | deer | GHl *ɾəːjʔ | [haw⁴] | ||
1045 | 露水 | dew | *C-nəmʔ | *C-nəmʔ | naːm¹ | |
1046 | 露水 | dew | *hləːŋʔ | *ləːŋʔ | kɔːw⁴ | |
1047 | 露水 | dew | CHl *hŋaːwʔ | |||
1048 | 亂 | messy (yarn) | *kʰuːt | *[k/x]uːt | ||
1049 | 輪換 | take turns | GHl *tçʰən | tsʰan¹ | ||
1050 | 蘿蔔 | radish | CHl *C-m[a]ːk | |||
1051 | 鑼 | gong | *C-loːʔ | *C-loːʔ | lɔːŋ¹ | |
1052 | 籮筐 | vine basket | *kuːŋʔ | *Cəʔguːŋʔ | kuaŋ¹ | |
1053 | 籮筐 | vine basket | NWCHl *ɓoŋ | |||
1054 | 籮筐 | vine basket | Run *C-laːʔ | |||
1055 | 螺螄 | snail | *tçʰiː | *[c/ç]iː | tsʰaj¹tow⁴ | |
1056 | 落 | fall | *tʰok | *tok | ɗɔːk⁹ | |
1057 | 麻 | hemp | *hmiːn | *miːn | mian¹ | |
1058 | 麻木 | numb | *hnənɦ | *nənɦ | ||
1059 | 麻雀 | sparrow | *pʰəc | *pəc | ɓat⁷ | |
1060 | 麻繩 | hemp rope | *ɗaːj | *Cəʔdaːj | [laːm³] | |
1061 | 馬 | horse | *hŋaːʔ | *ŋaːʔ | [pəː⁵] | |
1062 | 螞蟥 | water leech | *hljiŋ | *Ciliŋ | tsiːŋ⁴ | |
1063 | 螞蟻 | ant | *hmuc | *muc | puət⁸ | |
1064 | 罵 | scold | [*C-la:k] | [kəj⁵] | ||
1065 | 罵 | scold | Qi *ʔənɦ | |||
1066 | 埋 | cover up | *kom | *Cəʔgom | ||
1067 | 埋葬 | bury | *hlomɦ | *lomɦ | ɬum⁴ | |
1068 | 埋葬 | bury | Qi *m-lomɦ | |||
1069 | 買 | buy | *ʈʂhəc | *ʈəc | taːt⁹ | |
1070 | 賣 | sell | *hriːwʔ | *riːwʔ | kiːw¹ | |
1071 | 瞞 | conceal | *ɾjom | *Ci[d/ɖ]om | [mua²] | |
1072 | 滿 | full | *tʰiːk | *tiːk | tsʰia⁵ | |
1073 | 滿意 | satisfied | *C-ləːm | *C-ləːm | ||
1074 | 滿意 | satisfied | GHl *Cuɦəːk | |||
1075 | 慢 | slow | GHl *sʰəjʔ | [tsəŋ²] | ||
1076 | 慢 | slow | CHl *fʰaːj | |||
1077 | 慢驣驣 | slow-moving | *C-ŋa[ː]j | *C-ŋa[ː]j | [ŋɔːw²] | |
1078 | 蔓 | vine | ECHl *Ciɦəw | |||
1079 | 芒草 | Miscanthus | *kəw | *Cəʔgəw | nɔːw⁵kuː¹ | |
1080 | 蟒蛇 | python | *C-naːɲʔ | *C-naːɲʔ | ||
1081 | 貓 | cat | *C-miːwɦ | *C-miːwɦ | ɲaːw⁵ | |
1082 | 毛 | fur, body hair | *Cuɦun | *Cuɣun | hɔːŋ⁴ | |
1083 | 毛蟲 | caterpillar | GHl *Ciɦənɦ | zɔːt⁸ | ||
1084 | 毛蟲 | caterpillar | GHl *tʰoŋʔ | [niː⁴] | ||
1085 | 茅草 | thatch grass (Imperata cylindrica) | *Ciɦaː | *Ciɣaː | zow⁴ | |
1086 | 冒 | to brave (water) | *tçəŋ | *Cəʔɟəŋ | [puːt⁹] | |
1087 | 冒 | to brave (water) | CHl *ɾjuɲʔ | |||
1088 | 沒有 | not have | *ʔeːmɦ | *ʔɛːmɦ | [ŋɔː¹] | |
1089 | 沒有 | not have | CHl *ʔwəɲ | |||
1090 | 沒有 | not have | Qi *hwiː | |||
1091 | 沒有 | not have | *ɗuːk | *Cəʔduːk | tɔk⁹ | |
1092 | 沒有 | not have | NCHl *ɗuk | |||
1093 | 枚 | needle clf. | *[ʈʂ/tç]huːŋ | *[ʈ/c]uːŋ | tsʰin⁵ | |
1094 | 每 | every | GHl *ɾənɦ | |||
1095 | 美麗 | beauty | *hlin | *lin | ||
1096 | 美麗 | beauty | *C-mɯːn | *C-mɯːn | [nɔk⁷] | |
1097 | 美麗 | beauty | NCHl *C-laːjʔ | |||
1098 | 門 | door | CHl *hmomʔ | [min⁴] | ||
1099 | 門 | door | GHl *C-muːn | muan¹ | ||
1100 | 門 | door | CHl *kʰuːn | |||
1101 | 門閂 | door latch | GHl *kʰəŋ | tsʰua³ | ||
1102 | 門閂 | door latch | Run *tçʰuːŋʔ | |||
1103 | 門牙 | incisors | *fʰjən | *Civən | tsʰaŋ¹ | |
1104 | 門牙 | incisors | *hrjaːw | *Ciraːw | tsuː⁴ | |
1105 | 蒙 | cheat | *pʰəːŋ | *pəːŋ | ||
1106 | 蒙 | cheat | CHl *pʰɯːm | pʰɔːm¹ | ||
1107 | 矇矓 | hazy | *hmɯːŋʔ | *mɯːŋʔ | ||
1108 | 矇矓 | hazy | *hmɯːŋʔ | *mɯːŋʔ | ||
1109 | 矇矓 | hazy | NECHl *m-luːŋɦ | |||
1110 | 蠓 | midge | GHl *C-mət | mɔːt⁹ | ||
1111 | 夢 | dream | *fʰən | *fən | pɔːn¹ | |
1112 | 夢囈 | sleeptalk | *fʰiŋʔ | *fiŋʔ | [lɔːw²mɔːŋ⁴] | |
1113 | 迷路 | get lost | *C-ŋɯː | *C-ŋɯː | [pɯːŋ⁴] | |
1114 | 迷路 | get lost | Run *[ʈʂ/tç]hunɦ | |||
1115 | 米 | rice | *Cuɾəp | *Cu[d/ɖ]əp | ləp⁸ | |
1116 | 米酒 | rice wine | *ɓiːŋɦ | *Cəʔbiːŋɦ | ɓiːŋ⁵ | |
1117 | 米酒 | rice wine | NCHl *pʰuː | |||
1118 | 密 | dense | *ʔəːt | *ʔəːt | ʔɯət⁷ | |
1119 | 蜜蜂 | bee | GHl *kəːj | [tej¹] | ||
1120 | 棉花 | cotton | *ɓuːjʔ | *Cəʔbuːjʔ | [ɓɔk⁷] | |
1121 | 苗准 | aim at | GHl *hrəɲ | [ɗuj⁴] | ||
1122 | 明年 | next year | *hmuːɦ | *muːɦ | maː¹ | |
1123 | 明年 | next year | *ɗəŋ | *Cəʔdəŋ | tʰiəŋ⁴ | |
1124 | 明年 | next year | CHl *ɦəwɦ | |||
1125 | 明年 | next year | Qi *hŋom | |||
1126 | 明年 | next year | *C-niːɦ | *C-niːɦ | ||
1127 | 明天 | tomorrow | *hmiːʔ | *miːʔ | [kɯ²] | |
1128 | 明天 | tomorrow | NECHl *ɦəwɦ | |||
1129 | 明天 | tomorrow | *ɦəwɦ | *C-ɣəwɦ | ziaw⁴ | |
1130 | 名字 | name | *pʰaːŋ | *paːŋ | pʰɯː¹ | |
1131 | 命中 | hit target | *C-ləːm | *C-ləːm | [nɯən⁴] | |
1132 | 摸 | feel | GHl *ʋɯːm | |||
1133 | 模仿 | imitate | *tçʰəːŋ | *[c/ç]əːŋ | tsʰɔŋ⁵ | |
1134 | 磨刀 | sharpen | *ɾaː | *C-[d/ɖ]aː | lɔː⁴ | |
1135 | 磨刀 | sharpen | NWCHl *ɾaːt | |||
1136 | 蘑菇 | mushroom | *ɗit | *Cəʔdit | [tsʰaŋ¹] | |
1137 | 蘑菇 | mushroom | Meifu *[ʈʂ/tç]hinʔ | |||
1138 | 磨米 | grind (rice) | CHl *kaːnɦ | kaːn⁵ | ||
1139 | 母雞 | hen | GHl *hrəːj | kaːj⁵ | ||
1140 | 母雞 | hen | *kʰəj | *[k/x]əj | kʰaj¹ | |
1141 | 母雞 | hen | *hmiːʔ | *miːʔ | maːj⁵ | |
1142 | 母雞 | hen | *kʰəj | *[k/x]əj | kʰaj¹ | |
1143 | 母親 | mother | *hmiːʔ | *miːʔ | maːj⁵ | |
1144 | 母指 | thumb | *hmiːʔ | *miːʔ | maːj⁵ | |
1145 | 母指 | thumb | *hljiːŋɦ | *Ciliːŋɦ | tsap⁹tsia⁴ | |
1146 | 木板 | board | *ɓeːnɦ | [*Cəʔbɛːnɦ] | ɓeːn⁵ | |
1147 | 木杵 | pestle | *tçʰaːk | *[c/ç]aːk | tsʰɯː⁵ | |
1148 | 木耳 | tree fungus (Auricularia auricula-judae) | *ɗit | *Cəʔdit | [kɔː¹] | |
1149 | 木耳 | tree fungus (Auricularia auricula-judae) | *hljəj | *Ciləj | [tsəː²] | |
1150 | 木瓜 | papaya | *Ciʔunɦ | *Ciʔunɦ | [pɔː⁵] | |
1151 | 木棉 | cotton tree (Bombax ceiba) | *ɦaːwʔ | *C-ɣaːwʔ | hɔːw⁴ | |
1152 | 木薯 | yam | *hŋwəːj | *ŋwəːj | mɔːn¹ | |
1153 | 木薯 | yam | GHl *C-mən | |||
1154 | 木薯 | yam | Qi *C-muːŋ | |||
1155 | 木薯 | yam | *ɦaːwʔ | *C-ɣaːwʔ | hɔːw⁴ | |
1156 | 拿 | take | *tçʰiːwʔ | *[c/ç]iːwʔ | [kʰɛː⁵ləːw⁴] | |
1157 | 哪 | which | *ɾaː | *C-[d/ɖ]aː | laːj⁴ | |
1158 | 那 | that (medial) | *ɦɯːɦ | *C-ɣɯːɦ | [kɛː⁴] | |
1159 | 那 | that (distal) | *C-maːɦ | *C-maːɦ | mɔː⁵ | |
1160 | 那 | that (distal) | Run *C-naː[ʔ] | |||
1161 | 那樣 | that way | GHl *ɗuŋ | [kɛː⁴] | ||
1162 | 那樣 | that way | *C-maːɦ | *C-maːɦ | mɔː⁵ | |
1163 | 那樣 | that way | ECHl *ɦɯːɦ | |||
1164 | 那樣 | that way | Run *C-naː[ʔ] | |||
1165 | 男人 | man | phɯ:1 | *paːʔ | pʰɯː¹ | |
1166 | 男人 | man | *C-maːn | *C-maːn | [tsəː⁴] | |
1167 | 南 | south | *pʰəjʔ | *pəjʔ | [haj²] | |
1168 | 南 | south | Run *fʰ[a]ːŋ | |||
1169 | 南 | south | *ɗəŋ | *Cəʔdəŋ | [mɯa⁵] | |
1170 | 南 | south | NWCHl *kəw | |||
1171 | 南瓜 | pumpkin | *ʔiː | *ʔiː | ||
1172 | 南瓜 | pumpkin | GHl *ɦɯːp | huəp⁸ | ||
1173 | 南瓜 | pumpkin | CHl *hrəːjɦ | |||
1174 | 南瓜 | pumpkin | NECHl *hm[a]ːŋʔ | |||
1175 | 難 | difficult | *ɾjaːk | *Ci[d/ɖ]aːk | [ʔaj¹] | |
1176 | 撓 | scratch | *ɦɯːt | *C-ɣɯːt | ||
1177 | 撓 | scratch | Meifu *kʰɯːt | kɯat⁷ | ||
1178 | 腦 | brain | *hluːk | *luːk | ɬuːʔ⁸ | |
1179 | 嫩 | tender | *m-lɯːk | *m-lɯːk | [ɲəːp⁸] | |
1180 | 嫩 | tender | Run *ʔuːt | |||
1181 | 能幹 | able | GHl *kiːw | kiw¹ | ||
1182 | 能幹 | able | NECHl *ɗəjɦ | |||
1183 | 泥(土) | mud | GHl *m-laːk | lɯa⁵ | ||
1184 | 你 | you (sg.) | *C-mɯː | *C-mɯː | məj¹ | |
1185 | 你們 | you (pl.) | GHl *C-mɯː | |||
1186 | 你們 | you (pl.) | *sʰəw | *səw | tsʰaw¹ | |
1187 | 溺 | drown | *hlom | *lom | [ɗɔːk⁹] | |
1188 | 溺 | drown | NWCHl *tʰok | |||
1189 | 膩 | greasy | *ʔaːjʔ | *ʔaːjʔ | [ʔem¹] | |
1190 | 年 | year | *hmuːɦ | *muːɦ | maː¹ | |
1191 | 黏 | sticky | *C-ɲɯt | *C-ɲɯt | ɲɯːt¹⁰ | |
1192 | 黏 | sticky | Run *ʔeːt | |||
1193 | 鳥 | bird | *sʰəc | *səc | [nɔːk⁹] | |
1194 | 尿 | urine | *ɗuː | *Cəʔduː | [tsem⁵] | |
1195 | 擰 | twist | *Ciɦəɲʔ | *Ciɣəɲʔ | [vuːt⁸] | |
1196 | 擰 | twist | CHl *Ciɦət | |||
1197 | 凝固 | solid | *tʰəːmɦ | *təːmɦ | tʰɔːm⁵ | |
1198 | 牛虻 | gadfly | *hmiːʔ | *miːʔ | [kɯ²] | |
1199 | 牛虻 | gadfly | *ljaːk | *Cilaːk | [nɯa⁵] | |
1200 | 膿 | pus | *Cuhriwʔ | *Curiwʔ | kuː¹ | |
1201 | 膿 | pus | NECHl *C-neːŋ | |||
1202 | 努力 | exert | *tʰɯːn | *tɯːn | ɗaŋ¹ | |
1203 | 努力 | exert | *kʰuːɦ | *[k/x]uːɦ | kʰaːw¹ | |
1204 | 暖和 | warm | *hlunɦ | *lunɦ | tʰuːn⁵ | |
1205 | 暖和 | warm | NCHl *hlom | |||
1206 | 糯稻 | glutinous rice | *C-muːnʔ | *C-muːnʔ | mɯ² | |
1207 | 糯稻 | glutinous rice | CHl *C-muc | |||
1208 | 糯稻 | glutinous rice | *C-ŋaːʔ | *C-ŋaːʔ | ŋow¹ | |
1209 | 女兒 | daughter | *hlɯːk | *lɯːk | ɬiək⁸ | |
1210 | 女兒 | daughter | Qi *ɗiʔ | |||
1211 | 女兒 | daughter | *hmiːʔ | *miːʔ | [mɯ²] | |
1212 | 女兒 | daughter | *kʰəwɦ | *[k/x]əwɦ | [taːw¹] | |
1213 | 女人 | woman | *hmiːʔ | *miːʔ | mɯ² | |
1214 | 女人 | woman | *kʰəwɦ | *[k/x]əwɦ | [taːw¹] | |
1215 | 女婿 | son-in-law | *hlɯː | *lɯː | ɬaː⁴ | |
1216 | 嘔吐 | vomit | GHl *fʰaːk | [ʔɔŋ¹] | ||
1217 | 趴(行) | lie face-down | GHl *Cuɦəːmʔ | [pʰok⁷] | ||
1218 | 趴 | climb (tree) | *C-naːn | *C-naːn | [kʰuən¹] | |
1219 | 爬 | crawl | *Cuɦɯːm | *Cuɣɯːm | hɔːm⁴ | |
1220 | 怕 | afraid | *ɗaːʔ | *Cəʔdaːʔ | ɬɔː⁴ | |
1221 | 怕 | afraid | NCHl *C-m[a]ːŋ | |||
1222 | 排列 | arrange | *hrəj | *rəj | [ɓaːj²] | |
1223 | 派遣 | dispatch | GHl *ɓəj | pʰaːj⁴ | ||
1224 | 攀折 | break (stem) | *hŋəw | *ŋəw | [ʔuːt⁹] | |
1225 | 攀折 | break (stem) | NCHl *ʔuːʔ | |||
1226 | 攀折 | break (stem) | Run *C-ŋuːt | |||
1227 | 旁邊 | side | *C-ŋəːjɦ | *C-ŋəːjɦ | ||
1228 | 螃蟹 | crab | *ɓuːɦ | *Cəʔbuːɦ | [tsʰaːk⁹] | |
1229 | 螃蟹 | crab | NCHl *kʰaːɦ | |||
1230 | 胖 | fat | *hruːjʔ | *ruːjʔ | kuj¹ | |
1231 | 跑 | run | *Cuhruːɦ | *Curuːɦ | kɔː¹ | |
1232 | 跑味兒 | stale | *hlujʔ | *lujʔ | [viː³fin⁴] | |
1233 | 泡沫 | foam | GHl *fʰuːt | puət⁹ | ||
1234 | 泡沫 | foam | CHl *fʰuːŋʔ | |||
1235 | 噴 | spray (with mouth) | *pʰuɦ | *puɦ | ʔaːw¹ | |
1236 | 噴 | spray | *hlaːw | *laːw | [vuŋ⁵] | |
1237 | 盆 | basin | *ʔ[a]ːŋɦ | *ʔ[a]ːŋɦ | ||
1238 | 朋友 | friend | GHl *pʰiːnʔ | pɯən⁵ | ||
1239 | 捧 | hold in two hands | CHl *kʰop | [huŋ¹] | ||
1240 | 捧 | hold in two hands | NWCHl *ʔɯn | |||
1241 | 碰見 | meet | *[ʈʂ/tç]huːŋɦ | *[ʈ/c]uːŋɦ | ||
1242 | 碰見 | meet | NWCHl *C-laːjʔ | |||
1243 | 劈 | split | *ɓuːŋ | *Cəʔbuːŋ | [pɯaj¹] | |
1244 | 皮 | skin (of fruit) | *fʰaːk | *faːk | pua⁵ | |
1245 | 皮膚 | skin | *C-nəːŋ | *C-nəːŋ | naː¹ | |
1246 | 屁 | fart | *tʰuːc | *tuːc | ɗuət⁹ | |
1247 | 片 | land clf. | *[ʈʂ/tç]haːn | *[ʈ/c]aːn | [hɯan¹] | |
1248 | 飄動 | to wave | *C-lit | *C-lit | ||
1249 | 飄動 | to wave | Run *ʔwit | |||
1250 | 瓢 | ladle | *Cuɦiː | *Cuɣiː | [huəp⁸] | |
1251 | 瓢 | ladle | Qi *hruːj | |||
1252 | 平 | level | CHl *tʰəːj | |||
1253 | 潑 | pour | *ɓaːnʔ | *Cəʔbaːnʔ | [ɬɔm²] | |
1254 | 潑 | pour | CHl *hwiːt | |||
1255 | 潑 | pour | CHl *tçəwɦ | |||
1256 | 破 | break | *pʰəːnʔ | *pəːnʔ | ɓɯan¹ | |
1257 | 噗 | puff | CHl *m-liwɦ | [puːt⁹] | ||
1258 | 噗 | puff | *ɾjuɲʔ | *Ci[d/ɖ]uɲʔ | ||
1259 | 七 | seven | *tʰuː | *tuː | ɗaw¹ | |
1260 | 妻子 | wife | *hmiːʔ | *miːʔ | ||
1261 | 妻子 | wife | GHl *kʰəwɦ | [naːw⁵] | ||
1262 | 妻子 | wife | *hmiːʔ | *miːʔ | ||
1263 | 妻子 | wife | *C-liwʔ | *C-liwʔ | ||
1264 | 妻子 | wife | CHl *ɗun | |||
1265 | 棲息 | perch | *tçəwʔ | *Cəʔɟəwʔ | [ŋɔm²] | |
1266 | 漆 | lacquer | GHl *tçʰit | |||
1267 | 漆 | lacquer | NCHl *tçʰət | |||
1268 | 起來 | get up | *Cuʔɯːɦ | *Cuʔɯːɦ | ʔaː¹ | |
1269 | 氣 | air | *tçɯː | *Cəʔɟɯː | ||
1270 | 掐 | pinch | *ɗəɲʔ | *Cəʔdəɲʔ | tɯən¹ | |
1271 | 掐 | pinch | Qi *ɾeːw | |||
1272 | 掐 | pinch | *C-miːt | *C-miːt | pet⁷ | |
1273 | 千 | thousand | *C-ŋuːn | *C-ŋuːn | tsʰaːj⁵ | |
1274 | 千 | thousand | Qi *[ʈʂ/tç]həːj | |||
1275 | 千 | thousand | NECHl *C-ŋin | |||
1276 | 牽 | to lead | *Cuʈʂhun | *Cuʈun | toŋ¹ | |
1277 | 前面 | front | *pʰəjʔ | *pəjʔ | pʰaːj⁵ | |
1278 | 前面 | front | *ɗəŋ | *Cəʔdəŋ | tʰiəŋ⁴ | |
1279 | 前天 | day before yesterday | *hŋwən | *ŋwən | vɔːn¹ | |
1280 | 前天 | day before yesterday | *ɾəwʔ | *C-[d/ɖ]əwʔ | tsaːw⁴ | |
1281 | 鉗子 | tongs | *tçʰiːp | *[c/ç]iːp | ||
1282 | 潛水 | dive | *tçom | *Cəʔɟom | tsem¹muat⁷ | |
1283 | 淺 | shallow | *tʰɯːnʔ | *tɯːnʔ | ɗaŋ¹ | |
1284 | 錢 | money | *tçiːn | *Cəʔɟiːn | tsin¹ | |
1285 | 牆 | wall | *hriːŋʔ | *riːŋʔ | ||
1286 | 牆 | wall | Run *m-l[a]ːk | |||
1287 | 嗆 | choke | GHl *kʰəːnʔ | kʰɯan¹ | ||
1288 | 悄悄地 | quietly | *hrip | *rip | [tsəŋ²] | |
1289 | 敲 | knock | *tʰoŋɦ | *toŋɦ | [ɗɔk⁷] | |
1290 | 敲 | knock | Qi *ɓuːŋʔ | [təp⁸] | ||
1291 | 撬 | pry | *kʰəŋɦ | *[k/x]əŋɦ | kʰaŋ¹ | |
1292 | 切 | cut | GHl *hrət | |||
1293 | 切 | cut | CHl *tʰəmʔ | [laːŋ⁵] | ||
1294 | 勤勞 | hard-working | *ʔunʔ | *ʔunʔ | ||
1295 | 勤勞 | hard-working | Run *ɗəjɦ | |||
1296 | 青梅樹 | plum tree | *C-muːj | *C-muːj | muːj¹ | |
1297 | 青年 | youth | *hlɯːk | *lɯːk | [mɯ²] | |
1298 | 青年 | youth | GHl *C-mɯːn | [niaw¹] | ||
1299 | 青蛙 | frog | *kaːt | *Cəʔgaːt | [laːk⁸] | |
1300 | 青蛙 | frog | Run *kaːp | |||
1301 | 輕 | light (weight) | *kʰɯːʔ | *[k/x]ɯːʔ | kʰɔː⁵ | |
1302 | 傾聽 | listen | GHl *ɦiːŋ | |||
1303 | 傾聽 | listen | *hljəj | *Ciləj | [ŋej²] | |
1304 | 傾聽 | listen | *m-lɯː | *m-lɯː | ||
1305 | 傾斜 | slant | *kiːŋ | *Cəʔgiːŋ | kiːŋ¹ | |
1306 | 清 | clear | *hraːw | *raːw | ||
1307 | 清 | clear | *hlɯːŋʔ | *lɯːŋʔ | ɬaːŋ² | |
1308 | 清理 | to clean | *sʰəc | *səc | ||
1309 | 清理 | to clean | CHl *hlɯːŋʔ | [tsʰeŋ³] | ||
1310 | 清理 | to clean | ECHl *Cuɦəːk | |||
1311 | 蜻蜓 | dragonfly | *hmiːʔ | *miːʔ | [tʰam¹/tʰap⁹] | |
1312 | 蜻蜓 | dragonfly | *tçʰin | *[c/ç]in | [tʰiw⁵] | |
1313 | 晴 | clear (sky) | *hlɯːŋʔ | *lɯːŋʔ | ɬaːŋ² | |
1314 | 請(叫) | invite | GHl *hrəjʔ | [kow⁴] | ||
1315 | 窮 | poor | *ʋaːt | *C-baːt | fɯːt⁸ | |
1316 | 丘 | mound | GHl *Ciɦəːn | huən³ | ||
1317 | 秋 | autumn | *C-ɲaːn | *C-ɲaːn | [taw¹ku¹nuən¹] | |
1318 | 秋 | autumn | *tʰət | *tət C-muːnʔ | ||
1319 | 秋 | autumn | CHl *ɗaɲʔ | |||
1320 | 蚯蚓 | earthworm | *Cuɦən | *Cuɣən | van¹ | |
1321 | 蚯蚓 | earthworm | Meifu *C-ŋəɲ | |||
1322 | 蚯蚓 | earthworm | Run *C-luːɦ | |||
1323 | 驅逐 | expel | *C-luːjʔ | *C-luːjʔ | [pʰeːk⁹] | |
1324 | 蛆 | maggot | *hŋuj | *ŋuj | ||
1325 | 蛆 | maggot | NECHl *ɗ[a]ːk | zɔːt⁸ | ||
1326 | 蛆 | maggot | CHl *Ciɦənɦ | |||
1327 | 蛆 | maggot | Qi *C-ɦaːjʔ | |||
1328 | 取 | take | GHl *hmət | pat⁸ | ||
1329 | 取 | take | Run *hmuːjʔ | |||
1330 | 娶 | marry | *kaːk | *Cəʔgaːk | ||
1331 | 娶 | marry | NCHl *ɗɯː | |||
1332 | 去 | go | *ɦiː | *C-ɣiː | haj¹ | |
1333 | 去 | go | Run *pʰəɰ | |||
1334 | 去年 | last year | *hmuːɦ | *muːɦ | mɯː² | |
1335 | 去年 | last year | *pʰənʔ | *pənʔ | [[ləːj⁴] | |
1336 | 全部 | all | *ɓaːjʔ | *Cəʔbaːjʔ | pɯj⁵ | |
1337 | 全部 | all | NECHl *ɾiːk | |||
1338 | 全部 | all | *ɓaːjʔ | *Cəʔbaːjʔ | pɯj⁵ | |
1339 | 全部 | all | NECHl *ɾiːk | |||
1340 | 泉水 | spring water | *C-nəmʔ | *C-nəmʔ | naːm¹ | |
1341 | 泉水 | spring water | *tçəŋ | *Cəʔɟəŋ | [tow¹] | |
1342 | 泉水 | spring water | CHl *ɾjuɲʔ | [len⁴] | ||
1343 | 拳頭 | fist | GHl *Cuhrop | |||
1344 | 拳頭 | fist | CHl *C-mɯː | |||
1345 | 勸解 | mediate | *hraːk | *raːk | leːŋ¹ | |
1346 | 勸解 | mediate | CHl *C-l[a]ːŋ | |||
1347 | 缺口 | gap | *ʋ[e]ːŋɦ | *C-b[ɛ]ːŋɦ | pəːŋ¹ | |
1348 | 群 | group | *kʰun | *[k/x]un | kʰuən² | |
1349 | 裙子 | skirt | *ɾiːn | *C-[d/ɖ]iːnʔ | liən² | |
1350 | 染 | dye | *hɲomʔ | *ɲomʔ | tsʰaːm¹ | |
1351 | 染 | dye | Qi *tçʰəmʔ | |||
1352 | 讓路 | make way | *pʰiːŋʔ | *piːŋʔ | pʰiː¹ | |
1353 | 讓路 | make way | Qi *fʰiːŋʔ | |||
1354 | 繞過 | make detour | *hwiːŋ | *wiːŋ | [ʔuan⁴] | |
1355 | 熱 | hot | *Cuʈʂhəwʔ | *Cuʈəwʔ | [ʔjuŋ¹] | |
1356 | 熱 | hot | CHl *sʰiːt | tsʰit⁷ | ||
1357 | 熱 | to heat | *ɾəːmʔ | *C-[d/ɖ]əːmʔ | [hiːt⁸] | |
1358 | 人 | person | *ʔaːw | *ʔaːw | [ɬaj⁴] | |
1359 | 人 | person | NCHl *Cuɦaːw | |||
1360 | 人們 | people | *kʰun | *[k/x]un | ||
1361 | 人們 | people | *ʔaːw | *ʔaːw | ||
1362 | 人們 | people | NCHl *Cuɦaːw | |||
1363 | 認識 | know | GHl *kʰuːŋ | [min⁴] | ||
1364 | 認識 | know | *Cuhrɯː | *Curɯː | [taj²] | |
1365 | 紉針 | thread needle | *sʰok | *sok | tsʰɔːk⁹ | |
1366 | 扔 | throw | *pʰ[e]ːŋʔ | *p[ɛ]ːŋʔ | [fat⁷] | |
1367 | 日 | day | *hŋwən | *ŋwən | vɔːn¹ | |
1368 | 日常 | daily | *hrəːm | *rəːm | ||
1369 | 日常 | daily | *hŋwən | *ŋwən | ||
1370 | 榕樹 | banyan | *tʰəwʔ | *təwʔ | [fɯən¹] | |
1371 | 榕樹 | banyan | *hriː | *riː | [ɗiaw¹] | |
1372 | 肉 | meat | GHl *hrəmʔ | kəːm¹ | ||
1373 | 肉 | flesh (of fruit) | *C-maːk | *C-maːk | mɯa⁵ | |
1374 | 乳房 | breast | *tçiɦ | *Cəʔɟiːɦ | [ɲen⁵] | |
1375 | 乳房 | breast | NCHl *tçiː | |||
1376 | 乳房 | breast | Run *tçiʔ | |||
1377 | 入赘 | marry into wife’s family | *kʰaːn | *[k/x]aːn | kuən¹ | |
1378 | 入赘 | marry into wife’s family | *pʰuːnɦ | *puːnɦ | ||
1379 | 入赘 | marry into wife’s family | CHl *m-loŋʔ | [ɬɯː²] | ||
1380 | 軟 | soft | GHl *hmuːt | puək⁷ | ||
1381 | 撒(沙) | cast (sand) | *Cuhruj | *Curuj | [tɔːk⁹] | |
1382 | 撒(種) | cast (seed) | GHl *fʰəːnɦ | [ʔia¹] | ||
1383 | 塞 | stop up | *ʔiːm | *ʔiːm | tsʰem¹ | |
1384 | 塞 | stop up | CHl *tçʰiːm | |||
1385 | 鰓 | gill | *C-ŋaːk | *C-ŋaːk | ŋɯa⁵ | |
1386 | 三 | three | *Cuʈʂhuʔ | *Cuʈuʔ | taːw¹ | |
1387 | 掃 | sweep | *kuc | *Cəʔguc | ||
1388 | 掃 | sweep | NCHl *pʰəːnɦ | |||
1389 | 掃 | sweep | GHl *hrjik | tset¹⁰ | ||
1390 | 嫂子 | elder brother’s wife | *tçuː | *Cəʔɟuː | tsʰuː¹ | |
1391 | 澀 | astringent | *hmɯnʔ | *mɯnʔ | paŋ⁴ | |
1392 | 森林 | forest | *hrəŋ | *rəŋ | [ŋuən⁵] | |
1393 | 森林 | forest | NWCHl *sʰuːn | |||
1394 | 殺 | kill | *ɦuːʔ | *C-ɣuːʔ | [tseː²] | |
1395 | 沙 | sand | *pʰuːɦ | *puːɦ | [ɗej¹] | |
1396 | 紗 | yarn | CHl *ɗənɦ | |||
1397 | 紗 | yarn | *Cuhruj | *Curuj | [ɓɔk⁷] | |
1398 | 紗 | yarn | Qi *ɓuːjʔ | |||
1399 | 篩 | sift | *[ɾ/hr]jəw | *Ci[d/r]əw | tsiːw⁴ | |
1400 | 篩 | sift | NCHl *hjoŋ | |||
1401 | 篩 | sift | Run *ɾoŋʔ | |||
1402 | 篩子 | sieve | GHl *ɗoŋʔ | |||
1403 | 篩子 | sieve | NCHl *hjoŋ | |||
1404 | 篩子 | sieve | Run *ɾoŋʔ | |||
1405 | 篩子 | sieve | *[ɾ/hr]jəw | *Ci[d/r]əw | tsiːw⁴ | |
1406 | 曬 | expose to sun | *ʈʂhiːŋʔ | *ʈiːŋʔ | tɯa⁵ | |
1407 | 曬 | expose to sun | Run *Cuʔiː | |||
1408 | 山 | mountain | *Cuɦəwʔ | *Cuɣəwʔ | [tsow¹] | |
1409 | 山谷 | mountain valley | *kʰəːŋ | *[k/x]əːŋ | kʰɔːŋ⁵ | |
1410 | 山林 | mountain forest | *ɗaːwʔ | *Cəʔdaːwʔ | tɯːw¹ʔuaŋ¹ | |
1411 | 山腰 | mountainside | *Ciɦaːɦ | *Ciɣaːɦ | ||
1412 | 山腰 | mountainside | *C-ɲaːɦ | *C-ɲaːɦ | tʰum¹ | |
1413 | 山腰 | mountainside | CHl *tʰom | |||
1414 | 山腰 | mountainside | *Cuɦəwʔ | *Cuɣəwʔ | ||
1415 | 閃電 | lightning | *hljip | *Cilip | lip⁷ | |
1416 | 扇子 | a fan | GHl *hwoŋʔ | [pʰaŋ⁵] | ||
1417 | 骟子 | pheasant | *kʰəj | *[k/x]əj | kʰaj¹ | |
1418 | 骟子 | pheasant | *ɗɯːn | *Cəʔdɯːn | tʰɯŋ⁴ | |
1419 | 傷口 | wound | GHl *Ciɦaːnʔ | huən² | ||
1420 | 上 | ascend | *kʰaːn | *[k/x]aːn | kʰuən¹ | |
1421 | 上 | ascend | CHl *tçənʔ | |||
1422 | 上面 | top | *pʰəjʔ | *pəjʔ | ||
1423 | 上面 | top | *hnɯː | *nɯː | [law¹law¹] | |
1424 | 上午 | noon | GHl *pʰaːk | [tow¹] | ||
1425 | 上午 | noon | *hŋwən | *ŋwən | vɔːn¹ɗaŋ⁵ | |
1426 | 上衣 | upper garment | *ʋ[e]ːŋʔ | *C-b[ɛ]ːŋʔ | voː⁴ | |
1427 | 燒 | burn | GHl *ɾəŋ | [haːŋ¹] | ||
1428 | 燒 | burn | CHl *ʔiːŋ | |||
1429 | 燒 | burn | Run *tʰ[a]ːk | |||
1430 | 燒 | burn | *tçʰujʔ | *[c/ç]ujʔ | tsej¹ | |
1431 | 梢 | tree top, tip | *Ciɦəːnʔ | *Ciɣəːnʔ | [lɔŋ¹] | |
1432 | 少 | few | *ɾjəwɦ | *Ci[d/ɖ]əwɦ | [təːk⁸] | |
1433 | 少 | few | NCHl *kʰəmʔ | |||
1434 | 潲雨 | slanted rain | *pʰiːwɦ | *piːwɦ | [pʰat⁷] | |
1435 | 潲雨 | slanted rain | Qi *fʰəːnɦ | |||
1436 | 舌頭 | tongue | *hliːnʔ | *liːnʔ | ɬiːn⁴ | |
1437 | 蛇 | snake | *hljaːɦ | *Cilaːɦ | [ɓuət⁷] | |
1438 | 蛇 | snake | NWCHl *C-nuːʔ | |||
1439 | 射 | shoot | *hɲɯː | *ɲɯː | niː⁴ | |
1440 | 射 | shoot | NWCHl *ɓiːwɦ | |||
1441 | 伸 | stretch | *hjaːʔ | *jaːʔ | tsɔː⁴ | |
1442 | 伸 | stretch | *C-gəwʔ | *Cəʔgəwʔ | [ɓɔŋ⁵] | |
1443 | 伸 | stretch | Run *ʔɯː | |||
1444 | 伸 | stretch | NWCHl *hjiːt | |||
1445 | 身體 | body | *Cuɦuːn | *Cuɣuːn | huən⁴ | |
1446 | 呻吟 | groan | GHl *kəŋ | kiəŋ¹ | ||
1447 | 呻吟 | groan | Meifu *kɯŋ | |||
1448 | 深 | deep | *hləːk | *ləːk | ɬaː² | |
1449 | 深夜 | deep night | GHl *pʰaːk | ɬaː² | ||
1450 | 深夜 | deep night | CHl *hləːk | |||
1451 | 深夜 | deep night | *tçʰəp | *[c/ç]əp | tsʰɔːp⁹ | |
1452 | 嬸母 | father’s brother’s mother | *hmiː | *miː | ||
1453 | 腎 | kidney | *C-nəːm | *C-nəːm | nam¹ | |
1454 | 滲透 | permeate | GHl *hrjəp | [ɓɯːn⁵ɗaŋ¹] | ||
1455 | 生 | raw | *Cuɾiːp | *Cu[d/ɖ]iːp | [ɬuət⁸] | |
1456 | 生 | give birth | *hluː | *luː | ɬaw⁴ | |
1457 | 生火 | light fire | *C-muː | *C-muː | [ɲin⁴] | |
1458 | 生火 | light fire | *fʰiː | *fiː | paj¹ | |
1459 | 生氣 | angry | *tʰɯːn | *tɯːn | ʔaː¹ | |
1460 | 生氣 | angry | Qi *Cuʔaːɦ | |||
1461 | 生氣 | angry | Run *ɾinɦ | |||
1462 | 生氣 | angry | *C-ŋaːn | *C-ŋaːn | ŋuən¹ | |
1463 | 生銹 | to rust | *kʰən | *[k/x]ən | ||
1464 | 生銹 | to rust | *hlaːc | *laːc | ||
1465 | 生銹 | to rust | NECHl *C-ŋwəjʔ | |||
1466 | 聲音 | voice | *tʰiːw | *tiːw | tsʰew¹ | |
1467 | 繩子 | rope | *ɗəːj | *Cəʔdəːj | tɯj¹ | |
1468 | 繩子 | rope | *kʰaː | *[k/x]aː | ||
1469 | 剩餘 | remainder | *hljaː | *Cilaː | tsow⁴ | |
1470 | 剩餘物 | remainders | *ɗaːn | *Cəʔdaːn | ɗuən¹ | |
1471 | 失火 | catch fire | *tʰəŋ | *təŋ | [nɯən⁴] | |
1472 | 失時 | lose the chance | *ɾujʔ | *C-[d/ɖ]ujʔ | [kua⁵luːn²] | |
1473 | 虱子 | louse | *tʰən | *tən | ten¹ | |
1474 | 虱子 | louse | NWCHl *hmət | |||
1475 | 濕 | wet | *hmənʔ | *mənʔ | pəːn⁴ | |
1476 | 十 | ten | *fʰuːt | *fuːt | puət⁹ | |
1477 | 十 | ten | NCHl *fʰuːc | |||
1478 | 石精 | benzine | *tçʰiːn | *[c/ç]iːn | tsʰiːn¹ | |
1479 | 石精 | benzine | *hjaː | *jaː | tsoː¹ | |
1480 | 石頭 | stone | *tçʰiːn | *[c/ç]iːn | tsʰiːn¹ | |
1481 | 食指 | index finger | *hljiːŋɦ | *Ciliːŋɦ | tsap⁹tsia⁴ | |
1482 | 食指 | index finger | GHl *tçək | tsɔk⁷ | ||
1483 | 食指 | index finger | CHl *tçok | |||
1484 | 食指 | index finger | *C-ɲaːwʔ | *C-ɲaːwʔ | nɔːw⁴ | |
1485 | 使用 | use | *kɯːŋɦ | *Cəʔgɯːŋɦ | [zoŋ⁵] | |
1486 | 屎 | excrement | *ɦaːjʔ | *C-ɣaːjʔ | hɯaj² | |
1487 | 試 | try | *ɓɯːn | *Cəʔbɯːn | ||
1488 | 試 | try | CHl *ɓi | |||
1489 | 世代 | generation | *pʰɯːn | *pɯːn | [kit⁷] | |
1490 | 是 | be | CHl *C-mən | tsaŋ¹ | ||
1491 | 收殮 | prepare for burial | *C-luːt | *C-luːt | ||
1492 | 收殮 | prepare for burial | Run *[ʈʂ/tç]hɯːmʔ | |||
1493 | 手 | hand | *C-mɯː | *C-mɯː | maː¹ | |
1494 | 手指 | finger | *hljiːŋɦ | *Ciliːŋɦ | tsap⁹tsia⁴ | |
1495 | 瘦 | thin | *C-liːʔ | *C-liːʔ | [ŋaːw¹] | |
1496 | 叔父 | father’s younger brother | *fʰɯː | *fɯː | paː¹ | |
1497 | 梳 | comb | *sʰ[e]ːŋ | *s[ɛ]ːŋ | tsʰiː¹ | |
1498 | 疏 | sparse | *hwaːnʔ | *waːnʔ | fuən¹ | |
1499 | 贖 | redeem | *ʈʂhəːmʔ | *ʈəːmʔ | tiam¹ | |
1500 | 熟 | cooked | *C-wuj | *C-wuj | fuəj¹ | |
1501 | 數 | count | *kʰaːjʔ | *[k/x]aːjʔ | kʰaː⁴ | |
1502 | 樹 | tree | *ʈʂhəj | *ʈəj | tsʰaj¹ | |
1503 | 樹漿 | tree sap | *tʰəːŋ | *təːŋ | ɗaː¹ | |
1504 | 樹心 | tree core | *Cuɦəc | *Cuɣəc | [ʔiət⁷] | |
1505 | 樹枝 | tree branch | GHl *kʰaː | kʰow¹ | ||
1506 | 樹枝 | tree branch | Qi *hnuːŋ | |||
1507 | 樹枝 | tree branch | *ʈʂhəj | *ʈəj | tsʰaj¹ | |
1508 | 豎 | vertical | *ɾinɦ | *C-[d/ɖ]inɦ | [ləŋ⁴] | |
1509 | 豎 | vertical | NWCHl *ɗaːɲ | |||
1510 | 摔 | throw | *sʰəːp | *səːp | [ʔɔːp⁹] | |
1511 | 拴 | tie | *C-ŋəːnʔ | *C-ŋəːnʔ | [kuŋ¹] | |
1512 | 雙 | pair | *hlɯːmʔ | *lɯːmʔ | [ʔum¹] | |
1513 | 雙 | pair | CHl *fʰiːk | |||
1514 | 雙生子 | twins | *hlɯːk | *lɯːk | ɬiək⁸ | |
1515 | 雙生子 | twins | Qi *ɗiʔ | |||
1516 | 雙生子 | twins | *pʰaː | *paː | ɓow¹ | |
1517 | 霜 | frost | GHl *hljin | [nɔːw⁴vuəj¹] | ||
1518 | 誰 | who | *ʔaːʔ | *ʔaːʔ | [kaːj⁵] | |
1519 | 誰 | who | Run *ʔaː | |||
1520 | 誰 | who | *ɾaː | *C-[d/ɖ]aː | ||
1521 | 水 | water | *C-nəmʔ | *C-nəmʔ | naːm¹ | |
1522 | 水壩 | dam | *tʰəːmʔ | *təːmʔ | [tiːŋ⁵] | |
1523 | 水車 | waterwheel | GHl *ʋənɦ | |||
1524 | 水溝 | ditch | *sʰaːjɦ | *saːjɦ | [vaːj⁵] | |
1525 | 水溝 | ditch | *C-nəmʔ | *C-nəmʔ | naːm¹ | |
1526 | 水溝 | ditch | Qi *ɗiŋɦ | |||
1527 | 水牛 | water buffalo | *sʰujʔ | *sujʔ | tsʰej¹ | |
1528 | 水獺 | otter | *hnaːk | *naːk | nɯː² | |
1529 | 稅 | tax | *ɦiːŋ | *C-ɣiːŋ | ||
1530 | 睡 | sleep | GHl *tçəːn | |||
1531 | 睡 | sleep (lay down) | *hŋuːɦ | *ŋuːɦ | ŋɔː⁴ | |
1532 | 說 | talk | *ɾiːn | *C-[d/ɖ]iːn | [huː¹] | |
1533 | 說 | talk | NECHl *[ʈʂ/tç]himɦ | |||
1534 | 絲瓜 | sponge gourd | *hm[e]ːŋʔ | *m[ɛ]ːŋʔ | peːŋ² | |
1535 | 絲瓜 | sponge gourd | NECHl *ɾaːŋɦ | |||
1536 | 絲線 | silk thread | GHl *fʰunɦ | [tɯj¹ɬɯːw⁴] | ||
1537 | 私生子 | illegitimate child | *hlɯːk | *lɯːk | ɬiək⁸ | |
1538 | 私生子 | illegitimate child | CHl *hjuː | [vɯam¹] | ||
1539 | 私生子 | illegitimate child | Run *[ʈʂ/tç]haː[ɦ] | |||
1540 | 撕 | to tear | *ʔiːk | *ʔiːk | ||
1541 | 撕 | to tear | NWCHl *ɗ[a]ːŋʔ | |||
1542 | 撕 | to tear | NECHl *Cuʔiːk | |||
1543 | 撕 | to tear | ECHl *C-ɲiːk | ɲiːt⁹ | ||
1544 | 死 | die | *hlaːwɦ | *laːwɦ | [lɔːt⁹] | |
1545 | 死 | die | CHl *ɦɯt | |||
1546 | 死 | die | CHl *hljuːj | |||
1547 | 四 | four | *ʈʂhaːwʔ | *ʈaːwʔ | tiəw¹ | |
1548 | 四 | four | CHl *ʈʂhəwʔ | |||
1549 | 四腳蛇 | lizard | *ʔiːŋɦ | *ʔiːŋɦ | ʔiaŋ⁵ | |
1550 | 四腳蛇 | lizard | CHl *hrjɯːŋ | liəŋ⁴pow⁴tsə² | ||
1551 | 飼料 | feed (n.) | GHl *kʰən | haŋ¹ | ||
1552 | 松鼠 | squirrel | *C-ɲaːt | *C-ɲaːt | [ləːn⁵] | |
1553 | 甦醒 | awaken | *sʰɯː | *sɯː | [tsʰeːt⁹] | |
1554 | 肅靜 | silence | *ʔət | *ʔət | ||
1555 | 肅靜 | silence | Run *ɬɯːŋʔ | |||
1556 | 肅靜 | silence | GHl *ʔik | ʔiːk⁹ | ||
1557 | 肅靜 | silence | Run *hljiː[ʔ] | |||
1558 | 嗉子 | crop | GHl *kʰən | [ɗeː⁵ʔɔː⁵] | ||
1559 | 酸 | sour | *C-waːʔ | *C-waːʔ | fow¹ | |
1560 | 酸菜 | pickled vegetables | *hrjiːŋ | *Ciriːŋ | [paː⁵] | |
1561 | 算盤 | abacus | GHl *hljɯːɦ | |||
1562 | 碎 | smash | *hnom | *nom | ||
1563 | 碎 | smash | Run *hɲomɦ | |||
1564 | 孫子 | grandson | *ɦəɲ | *C-ɣəɲ | ɬiək⁸ | |
1565 | 孫子 | grandson | CHl *hlɯːk | |||
1566 | 孫子 | grandson | *pʰuːʔ | *pʰuːʔ | pəːw⁴ | |
1567 | 孫子 | grandson | CHl *fʰuːʔ | |||
1568 | 梭子 | shuttle | GHl *kʰuc | kiət⁷ | ||
1569 | 簑衣 | straw rain cape | *ɓiːnɦ | *Cəʔbiːnɦ | [tsʰuaŋ¹] | |
1570 | 簑衣 | straw rain cape | Qi *ɓɯː | |||
1571 | 他 | he/she | *C-naː | *C-naː | nej⁵ | |
1572 | 他們 | they | CHl *kʰun | |||
1573 | 他們 | they | *ɾuːɦ | *C-[d/ɖ]uːɦ | [mow⁵] | |
1574 | 他們 | they | NCHl *C-naː | |||
1575 | 台風 | typhoon | *hwənɦ | *wənɦ | [pʰaːŋ¹] | |
1576 | 苔蘚 | moss | GHl *C-nəːŋʔ | |||
1577 | 抬 | lift (two people) | *ʈʂhaːm | *ʈaːm | tɔm¹ | |
1578 | 太陽 | sun | *ʈʂhaː | *ʈaː | tow¹ | |
1579 | 太陽 | sun | *hŋwən | *ŋwən | vɔːn¹ | |
1580 | 太陽穴 | temples | *ɦəw | *C-ɣəw | haw⁴ | |
1581 | 太陽穴 | temples | *fʰiːŋ | *fiːŋ | pia¹ | |
1582 | 罈子 | jug | *kəj | *Cəʔgəj | [kiːw¹] | |
1583 | 罈子 | jug | *ʔuŋɦ | *ʔuŋɦ | [tʰuŋ⁴] | |
1584 | 痰 | phlegm | *C-nəmʔ | *C-nəmʔ | naːm¹ | |
1585 | 痰 | phlegm | GHl *ɦaːk | haːk⁸ | ||
1586 | 痰 | phlegm | NWCHl *kʰək | |||
1587 | 潭 | pool | *hwaːŋ | *waːŋ | [tʰaː²] | |
1588 | 彈 | card (cotton) | *hɲɯː | *ɲɯː | niː⁴ | |
1589 | 炭 | coal | *hlɯːɦ | *lɯːɦ | [ʔaːŋ¹paj¹] | |
1590 | 探望 | visit | GHl *kʰəːmɦ | [tak⁸tej¹] | ||
1591 | 探望 | visit | *ʔiːp | *ʔiːp | ||
1592 | 趟 | trip clf. | *hŋaːjʔ | *ŋaːjʔ | [lem¹] | |
1593 | 趟 | trip clf. | Run *hŋəːjʔ | |||
1594 | 逃脫 | escape | *C-luɲʔ | *C-luɲʔ | lɔn¹ | |
1595 | 討厭 | annoying | *ʔaːjʔ | *ʔaːjʔ | [ʔjam⁴] | |
1596 | 討厭 | annoying | Meifu *ʔəjʔ | |||
1597 | 藤籮 | rattan basket | *h[l]juːk | *[Cil/j]uːk | [ɓiːn¹lɔː¹] | |
1598 | 藤籮 | rattan basket | CHl *[ʈʂ/tç]ʰəwɦ | |||
1599 | 藤簍 | rattan slat basket | *ɓuŋ | *Cəʔbuŋ | puŋ¹ | |
1600 | 梯子 | ladder | GHl *pʰɯː | ɓaː¹ | ||
1601 | 啼(雞) | cry (chicken) | *Ciɦəːn | *Ciɣəːn | hɯan⁴ | |
1602 | 蹄 | hoof | *C-leːʔ | *C-lɛːʔ | [kaːw⁵] | |
1603 | 蹄 | hoof | CHl *tçʰiːnʔ | |||
1604 | 蹄 | hoof | NWCHl *sʰiːp | |||
1605 | 剃頭 | shave head | ECHl *pʰaːw | [tʰəːŋ¹] | ||
1606 | 剃頭 | shave head | NECHl *ɾjiːnɦ | |||
1607 | 天 | sky | *fʰaːʔ | *faːʔ | [vuəj¹] | |
1608 | 田 | wet field | *hnaːɦ | *naːɦ | tow⁴ | |
1609 | 田埂 | field dike | *Ciɦəːn | *Ciɣəːn | hɯan⁴ | |
1610 | 田埂 | field dike | *hnaːɦ | *naːɦ | tow⁴ | |
1611 | 田雞 | frog (Hoplobatrachus rugulosus) | *hŋɯːɦ | *ŋɯːɦ | ŋaj¹ | |
1612 | 田雞 | frog (Hoplobatrachus rugulosus) | Qi *sʰiːt | tiːp⁷ | ||
1613 | 田雞 | frog (Hoplobatrachus rugulosus) | NCHl *ʔɯp | |||
1614 | 田(野) | wild field | *ʔəŋ | *ʔəŋ | ʔuaŋ¹ | |
1615 | 甜 | sweet | *ɗ[e]ːŋ | *Cəʔd[ɛ]ːŋ | ||
1616 | 甜瓜 | muskmelon (Cucumis melo) | *ʔəj | *ʔəj | ||
1617 | 填 | fill with earth | *C-lɯːp | *C-lɯːp | ||
1618 | 填 | fill with earth | Run *m-lom | |||
1619 | 舔 | lick | *hljiːmɦ | *Ciliːmɦ | [ɬeːp⁸] | |
1620 | 舔 | lick | NCHl *C-liːmɦ | |||
1621 | 舔 | lick | NCHl *C-ɲiːmɦ | |||
1622 | 挑 | pick out (thorn) | *[ʈʂ/tç]hɯnɦ | *[ʈ/c]ɯnɦ | [tɔk⁷] | |
1623 | 挑 | carry on | *ʈʂhaːp | *ʈaːp | tɔːp⁹ | |
1624 | 挑 | burden clf. | *fʰiːk | *fiːk | pia⁹ | |
1625 | 條 | pants clf. | *Ciɦaːɦ | *Ciɣaːɦ | tɯj¹ | |
1626 | 條 | skirt clf. | *[ɾ/hr]juːt | *Ci[d/r]uːt | ||
1627 | 條/ | long/thin clf. | *ɗənɦ | *Cəʔdənɦ | tiən¹ | |
1628 | 調皮 | naughty | *C-naː | *C-naː | now¹ | |
1629 | 調皮 | naughty | *hnəːŋ | *nəːŋ | naː¹ | |
1630 | 調皮 | naughty | GHl *hljəj | |||
1631 | 跳 | jump | *tçuːnʔ | *Cəʔɟuːnʔ | tsuən¹ | |
1632 | 跳躍 | leap | *pʰit | *pit | [ɗet⁷] | |
1633 | 跳蚤 | flea | *hməːt | *məːt | [taw¹pow⁴] | |
1634 | 貼 | stick to | *pʰək | *pək | pʰak⁷ | |
1635 | 鐵 | iron | *hrəːj | *rəːj | kuj¹ | |
1636 | 鐵鏟 | iron shovel | *[ʈʂ/tç]hɛːwʔ | *[ʈ/c]ɛːwʔ | ||
1637 | 鐵鏟 | iron shovel | CHl *tʰeːw | |||
1638 | 鐵鍬 | spade | *hljaːwɦ | *Cilaːwɦ | zaːw⁴ | |
1639 | 聽 | listen | *m-lɯː | *m-lɯː | [ŋej²] | |
1640 | 聽 | listen | NWCHl *hljiːŋɦ | |||
1641 | 聽說 | hear it said | GHl *hliːŋ | [ŋej²vɯːn⁴] | ||
1642 | 停 | stop (turn off) | *C-ŋaːc | *C-ŋaːc | ŋaːt⁹ | |
1643 | 同 | same | *ɗuŋ | *Cəʔduŋ | ɗaːŋ² | |
1644 | 同伴 | companion | *tʰəːŋʔ | *təːŋʔ | [tʰaw¹kʰoŋ¹] | |
1645 | 銅 | copper | *ɗuːŋ | *Cəʔduːŋ | tuːŋ¹ | |
1646 | 痛 | hurt | *tçʰok | *[ʈ/c]ok | taːk⁹ | |
1647 | 童山 | bare hill | *kiŋ | *Cəʔgiŋ | ||
1648 | 偷 | steal | *hljok | *Cilok | tsaːk⁸ | |
1649 | 偷聽 | overhear | *pʰəːk | *pəːk | pʰɔk⁷ | |
1650 | 頭 | head | *Cuhrəwʔ | *Curəwʔ | kiːw¹ | |
1651 | 頭髮 | hair (head) | *hnom | *nom | tiəm³ | |
1652 | 頭髮 | hair (head) | ECHl *ɗənɦ | |||
1653 | 頭髮 | hair (head) | NCHl *Cuɦun | |||
1654 | 頭髮 | hair (head) | NCHl *ɾom | |||
1655 | 頭髮 | hair (head) | *Cuhrəwʔ | *Curəwʔ | kiːw¹ | |
1656 | 頭虱 | head louse | *Cuʈʂhuː | *Cuʈuː | taw¹ | |
1657 | 凸 | protrude | GHl *ɗunʔ | ɗɯːn¹ | ||
1658 | 塗抹 | erase | *C-niːnɦ | *C-niːnɦ | [meːk⁹] | |
1659 | 塗抹 | erase | Qi *Cuhraːt | |||
1660 | 塗抹 | erase | Run *ʔeːt | |||
1661 | 吐 | spit silk | *C-wunʔ | *C-wunʔ | [ʔɔŋ¹] | |
1662 | 吐痰 | to spit | *pʰ[w]iɦ | *p[w]iɦ | pʰiː¹ | |
1663 | 吐奶 | spit up (milk) | *ɓɯnɦ | *Cəʔbɯnɦ | [ʔak⁷] | |
1664 | 推 | push | *C-ɲuːnɦ | *C-ɲuːnɦ | ||
1665 | 腿 | leg, thigh | GHl *fh[a]ːŋɦ | [hɔːk⁹] | ||
1666 | 腿 | leg, thigh | CHl *ɦaː | |||
1667 | 吞 | swallow | GHl *Ciʔəːmɦ | [kuat¹⁰] | ||
1668 | 臀部 | buttock | *ɓiŋɦ | *Cəʔbiŋɦ | ||
1669 | 臀部 | buttock | Qi *C-m[a]ːk | [pʰaŋ⁵] | ||
1670 | 臀部 | buttock | Qi *ɦaːjʔ | hɯaj² | ||
1671 | 臀部 | buttock | NECHl *tçʰiː | |||
1672 | 脫 | take off | *hljaːwɦ | *Cilaːwɦ | [tsuət¹⁰] | |
1673 | 脫 | take off | Run *hljuc | |||
1674 | 脫 | shed | *C-ləɲʔ | *C-ləɲʔ | ||
1675 | 脫 | shed | *kuːɲ | *Cəʔguːɲ | [pun¹] | |
1676 | 駝背 | hunchback | NCHl *ɦomɦ | [kɔŋ¹ku⁴] | ||
1677 | 駝背 | hunchback | GHl *hroŋɦ | [kɔːm¹] | ||
1678 | 駝背 | hunchback | NWCHl *tçʰɯnʔ | |||
1679 | 駝背 | hunchback | Run *hwəːn | |||
1680 | 庹 | armspan | *hlaːnɦ | *laːnɦ | [tʰuət⁸] | |
1681 | 唾沫 | saliva | *C-nəmʔ | *C-nəmʔ | naːm¹ | |
1682 | 唾沫 | saliva | *hləːj | *ləːj | ɬɯj⁴ | |
1683 | 挖 | dig hole | *Ciɦut | *Ciɣut | [taw¹] | |
1684 | 挖 | dig hole | Meifu *kʰɯːt | |||
1685 | 挖 | dig hole | *ɓənɦ | *Cəʔbənɦ | ||
1686 | 挖 | dig with knife | *ɓəwɦ | *Cəʔbəwɦ | [hɔk⁸] | |
1687 | 挖 | dig out | CHl *kʰuj | [taw¹] | ||
1688 | 瓦 | tile | GHl *fʰ[a]ːŋ | |||
1689 | 瓦 | tile | CHl *tʰəw | |||
1690 | 外 | outside | *hljɯːn | *Cilɯːn | [lɔːw⁴] | |
1691 | 外 | outside | Run *hljiːnʔ | |||
1692 | 外祖父 | mother’s father | *ʈʂhaːʔ | *ʈaːʔ | təː¹ | |
1693 | 外祖母 | mother’s mother | *hnaːʔ | *naːʔ | nɔː⁴ | |
1694 | 外孫 | maternal grandson | *hlɯːk | *lɯːk | ɬiək⁸ | |
1695 | 外孫 | maternal grandson | *ʈʂhaːʔ | *ʈaːʔ | təː¹ | |
1696 | 彎 | crooked, curved | *Ciʔut | *Ciʔut | ʔuːt⁹ | |
1697 | 彎 | crooked, curved | CHl *hwəːŋɦ | vɔːŋ⁵ | ||
1698 | 完結 | end | *ɓaːjʔ | *Cəʔbaːjʔ | pɯj⁵ | |
1699 | 完結 | end | NECHl *ɓəːjʔ | |||
1700 | 完盡 | finish | *m-lunɦ | *m-lunɦ | ||
1701 | 完盡 | finish | NECHl *ɾiːt | |||
1702 | 完整 | complete | *C-muːŋʔ | *C-muːŋʔ | ||
1703 | 玩 | play | *hrjɯːk | *Cirɯːk | [liaw¹] | |
1704 | 玩 | play | Run *ʔuːŋʔ | |||
1705 | 玩弄 | dally | *C-ɲaːm | *C-ɲaːm | [tsum¹] | |
1706 | 玩耍 | play | GHl *Cuɦəːŋ | [liaw¹] | ||
1707 | 玩耍 | play | Run *ʔuːŋʔ | |||
1708 | 晚 | evening | *tçʰəp | *[c/ç]əp | tsʰɔːp⁹ | |
1709 | 晚飯 | dinner | GHl *hŋəwɦ | [tʰow¹] | ||
1710 | 晚飯 | dinner | GHl *fʰən | tsʰɔːp⁹ | ||
1711 | 晚上 | evening | *hmiːʔ | *hmiːʔ | [kɯ²] | |
1712 | 晚上 | evening | *tçʰəp | *[c/ç]əp | tsʰɔːp⁹ | |
1713 | 碗 | bowl, basin | *Cuʔaːw | *Cuʔaːw | [laːk⁹] | |
1714 | 碗櫥 | cupboard | *tçaːnɦ | *Cəʔɟaːnɦ | [kaːn⁵] | |
1715 | 碗櫥 | cupboard | *Cuʔaːw | *Cuʔaːw | [tʰow¹] | |
1716 | 網 | net | *hrəːjʔ | *rəːjʔ | [piw¹] | |
1717 | 網袋 | net bag | *ɗaːjʔ | [*Cəʔdaːjʔ] | ||
1718 | 忘記 | forget | *C-lɯːmɦ | *C-lɯːmɦ | [ŋɔm³] | |
1719 | 煨 | simmer | CHl *m-lomʔ | tʰum⁴ | ||
1720 | 圍 | surround | GHl *kuːŋɦ | ʔuj | ||
1721 | 圍 | surround | CHl *tʰuːk | |||
1722 | 尾巴 | tail | *tçʰuc | *[c/ç]uc | tsʰuət⁹ | |
1723 | 餵 | to feed | *ɓuːɦ | *Cəʔbuːɦ | foː⁴ | |
1724 | 紋面 | tattoo face | *C-ŋuː | *C-ŋuː | ŋaw⁵ | |
1725 | 紋面 | tattoo face | NECHl *ɓəwɦ | |||
1726 | 紋面 | tattoo face | NECHl *hwət | [tɯp⁸] | ||
1727 | 蚊帳 | mosquito net | *hrəːjʔ | *rəːjʔ | ||
1728 | 蚊帳 | mosquito net | *C-ɲuːŋ | *C-ɲuːŋ | ||
1729 | 蚊子 | mosquito | *C-ɲuːŋ | *C-ɲuːŋ | tsʰak⁷ | |
1730 | 瘟疫 | epidemic | *hluːnʔ | *luːnʔ | tsaj¹ | |
1731 | 瘟疫 | epidemic | Qi *tçəj | |||
1732 | 瘟疫 | epidemic | Run *kəːj | |||
1733 | 聞 | smell | *ɦaːj | *C-ɣaːj | huəj⁴ | |
1734 | 聞 | smell | NCHl *Ciɦəːj | |||
1735 | 吻 | kiss | *ɾjuːc | *Ci[d/ɖ]uːc | tsuət⁹ | |
1736 | 吻 | kiss | NECHl *[h/ʔ]juːnʔ | |||
1737 | 吻 | kiss | *tʰəːŋʔ | *təːŋʔ | tʰaː¹ | |
1738 | 問 | ask | GHl *hraːm | kɔː¹ | ||
1739 | 蜗牛 | snail | *tçʰiː | *[c/ç]iː | tsʰaj¹ | |
1740 | 蜗牛 | snail | *C-ɲaːmʔ | *C-ɲaːmʔ | [vuəj⁴] | |
1741 | 蜗牛 | snail | Meifu *fʰaːʔ | |||
1742 | 窩 | nest | *ɾuːk | *C-[d/ɖ]uːk | luːʔ⁸ | |
1743 | 我 | I | *ɦuː | *C-ɣuː | [kaw¹] | |
1744 | 我們 | we (excl.) | CHl *fʰəw | [ʔaw¹] | ||
1745 | 我們 | we (excl.) | Run *fʰɯː | |||
1746 | 烏龜 | turtle | *tʰuːɦ | *tuːɦ | ɗaːw¹ | |
1747 | 烏鴉 | crow | *ʔaːk | *ʔaːk | ʔɯː⁵ | |
1748 | 污垢 | filth | CHl *kʰiː | |||
1749 | 污垢 | filth | CHl *tʰaːmʔ | |||
1750 | 污垢 | filth | *C-nɯnɦ | *C-nɯnɦ | nɯa¹ | |
1751 | 巫婆 | witch | *hmɯːŋ | *mɯːŋ | [tsʰua⁵] | |
1752 | 巫婆 | witch | Run *C-l[a]ːk | |||
1753 | 吳蚣 | centipede | *ɾiːp | *C-[d/ɖ]iːp | lip⁸[pow⁴] | |
1754 | 五 | five | *hmaː | *maː | puː⁴ | |
1755 | 摀 | cover mouth with hand | *pʰɯːm | *pɯːm | pʰɔːm¹ | |
1756 | 霧 | fog | *Cuɦəːn | *Cuɣəːn | ||
1757 | 霧 | fog | CHl *hŋaːwʔ | kɔːw⁴ | ||
1758 | 西 | west | GHl *pʰəjʔ | |||
1759 | 西 | west | GHl *tʰɯːʔ | |||
1760 | 西 | west | *pʰəjʔ | *pəjʔ | ||
1761 | 西 | west | Run *fʰ[a]ːŋ | |||
1762 | 西 | west | *hŋwən | *ŋwən | ||
1763 | 西 | west | Qi *ʈʂhaː | |||
1764 | 西 | west | *tʰok | *tok | ||
1765 | 吸氣 | inhale | *hwɯp | *wɯp | [tan¹] | |
1766 | 吸氣 | inhale | NECHl *tçuːt | |||
1767 | 錫 | tin | *hlaːk | *laːk | [ɬap⁸ɬiən²] | |
1768 | 熄滅 | extinguish | GHl *tçəp | tsep⁷ | ||
1769 | 膝蓋 | knee | *Cuhrəwʔ | *Curəwʔ | [tʰɔk⁹] | |
1770 | 膝蓋 | knee | *ɾuː | *C-[d/ɖ]uː | luː⁴ | |
1771 | 蟋蟀 | cricket | *hmiːʔ | *miːʔ | [kɯ²] | |
1772 | 蟋蟀 | cricket | *Cuɾuːŋʔ | *Cu[d/ɖ]uːŋʔ | fuəŋ⁴ | |
1773 | 蟋蟀 | cricket | NECHl *kit | |||
1774 | 習慣 | accustomed | *ɾaːjɦ | *C-[d/ɖ]aːjɦ | ||
1775 | 蓆草 | mat grass (Cyperus spp.) | GHl *hrjiːwʔ | [ləːp⁷] | ||
1776 | 蓆草 | mat grass (Cyperus spp.) | Qi *hmiːwʔ | |||
1777 | 蓆子 | mat | GHl *thɯ:k | tsiək⁸ | ||
1778 | 洗 | wash | *ʔuːt | *ʔuːt | ʔuət⁹ | |
1779 | 洗 | wash | NCHl *[ç]aːwʔ | |||
1780 | 洗 | wash | CHl *Cuhrəːj | |||
1781 | 洗 | wash (clothes) | CHl *kʰɯːp | |||
1782 | 洗 | wash (head) | *sʰəːk | *səːk | tsʰaː⁵ | |
1783 | 洗澡 | bathe | *ʔaːp | *ʔaːp | ʔɯp⁹ | |
1784 | 喜鵲 | magpie | *sʰəc | *səc | [nɔːk⁹] | |
1785 | 喜鵲 | magpie | CHl *C-ɲaːmʔ | [luət⁸] | ||
1786 | 喜鵲 | magpie | CHl *hrjuːt | |||
1787 | 細 | thin | *ʔuːt | *ʔuːt | [ɲəːp⁸] | |
1788 | 呷 | sip | *tçʰɯp | *[c/ç]ɯp | [tsem⁴] | |
1789 | 呷 | sip | Run *ɾjuːt | |||
1790 | 蝦 | shrimp | *Cuɾaːŋ | *Cu[d/ɖ]aːŋ | [ʔɔː⁵] | |
1791 | 蝦 | shrimp | CHl *hmɯːmɦ | |||
1792 | 瞎 | blind | *m-laːw | *m-laːw | [kʰiw¹] | |
1793 | 下 | descend | *ʈʂhuːʔ | *ʈuːʔ | ||
1794 | 下 | descend | *C-luːj | *C-luːj | ||
1795 | 下 | descend | CHl *ɾjəw | [taːw¹] | ||
1796 | 下巴 | chin | *ɦaːŋ | *C-ɣaːŋ | [tsʰɔːŋ¹] | |
1797 | 下飯 | go with (food) | *ʔuːɲ | *ʔuːɲ | [ɲin⁴] | |
1798 | 下面 | bottom | *pʰəjʔ | *pəjʔ | ||
1799 | 下面 | bottom | *Cuʈʂhəw | *Cuʈəw | taːw¹ | |
1800 | 下去 | go down | *C-luːj | *C-luːj | ||
1801 | 下去 | go down | Qi *hluːj | |||
1802 | 下去 | go down | CHl *ɾjəw | [taːw¹] | ||
1803 | 夏 | summer | *C-ɲaːn | *C-ɲaːn | [pu⁴nəm⁴] | |
1804 | 夏 | summer | *hnaːɦ | *naːɦ | ||
1805 | 夏 | summer | CHl *sʰiːt | |||
1806 | 先 | first | *kʰuːnɦ | *[k/x]uːnɦ | ||
1807 | 先 | first | *ɦuːnɦ | *C-ɣuːnɦ | ||
1808 | 鹹 | salty | *Cuɦaːnʔ | *Cuɣaːnʔ | [taŋ²] | |
1809 | 銜 | hold in mouth | *C-ŋaːn | *C-ŋaːn | ŋuən¹ | |
1810 | 蜆 | clam | *tçʰiː | *[c/ç]iː | tsʰaj¹ | |
1811 | 蜆 | clam | GHl *ɓənɦ | [pow⁴] | ||
1812 | 陷井 | pitfall trap | *C-luːŋ | *C-luːŋ | ||
1813 | 陷井 | pitfall trap | Qi *fʰ[a]ːŋʔ | tʰuəŋ⁴ | ||
1814 | 陷井 | pitfall trap | NECHl *tçʰuːŋʔ | |||
1815 | 陷落 | to cave in | *pʰuːŋ | *puːŋ | [tsuk⁸] | |
1816 | 陷落 | to cave in | Qi *hljut | |||
1817 | 陷落 | to cave in | NECHl *hlom | |||
1818 | 羨慕 | envy | CHl *ɾjaːk | |||
1819 | 羨慕 | envy | *C-ŋaːjɦ | *C-ŋaːjɦ | ŋaːj¹[tow¹] | |
1820 | 相同 | same | GHl *ɗuŋ | |||
1821 | 相同 | same | *tʰəːŋʔ | *təːŋʔ | ||
1822 | 相信 | believe | *tçʰim | *[c/ç]im | ||
1823 | 相信 | believe | Run *tçɯːŋɦ | |||
1824 | 香 | fragrant | *tʰuːnɦ | *tuːnɦ | [hɔːŋ¹] | |
1825 | 香菇 | mushroom | *ɗit | *Cəʔdit | tsʰaŋ¹ | |
1826 | 香菇 | mushroom | Qi *[ʈʂ/tç]həŋʔ | |||
1827 | 香菇 | mushroom | GHl *tçʰinʔ | |||
1828 | 鑲 | inlay | GHl *m-lom | [luən²] | ||
1829 | 響 | sound | *ɾəːŋ | *C-[d/ɖ]əːŋ | huː¹ | |
1830 | 向著 | toward | *tçok | *Cəʔɟok | ||
1831 | 項鍊 | necklace | GHl *hŋiːw | kew⁴ | ||
1832 | 項圈 | necklet | *kʰim | *kim | [tuəj²] | |
1833 | 項圈 | necklet | CHl *hŋən | |||
1834 | 項圈 | necklet | CHl *kʰiːnʔ | |||
1835 | 象 | resemble | GHl *ɗuŋ | ɗaŋ¹ | ||
1836 | 削 | peel | *hliːt | *liːt | ||
1837 | 削 | peel | Qi *pʰaːt | [pʰəːk⁹] | ||
1838 | 削 | peel | NCHl *pʰinʔ | |||
1839 | 削 | peel | *ɦuːt | *C-ɣuːt | ||
1840 | 削 | peel | *kʰuɲ | *[k/x]uɲ | ||
1841 | 削 | peel | *C-lɯnɦ | *C-lɯnɦ | [luːt⁷] | |
1842 | 削 | peel | NECHl *C-ləːnɦ | |||
1843 | 消除 | eliminate | *fʰut | *fut | pʰok⁷ | |
1844 | 小 | small | GHl *ʔinɦ | təːk⁸ | ||
1845 | 小 | small | CHl *hnok | |||
1846 | 小姑子 | husband’s sister | *hruːŋ | *ruːŋ | ||
1847 | 小姑子 | husband’s sister | *hjuː | *juː | [fiː⁴] | |
1848 | 小孩 | child | *hlɯːk | *lɯːk | ɬiək⁸ | |
1849 | 小孩 | child | Qi *ɗiʔ | |||
1850 | 小孩 | child | *C-lik | *C-lik | [lat⁷] | |
1851 | 小米 | millet | *fʰaːŋʔ | *faːŋʔ | pɯa¹ | |
1852 | 小腿 | calf (of leg) | *hrjinʔ | *Cirinʔ | tsin⁴ | |
1853 | 小姨子 | wife’s younger sister | *hruːŋ | *ruːŋ | ||
1854 | 小姨子 | wife’s younger sister | GHl *hjəwʔ | [miː⁴] | ||
1855 | 笑 | laugh | *hrjaːw | *Ciraːw | tsuː⁴ | |
1856 | 斜靠 | recline | *Cuŋaː | *Cuŋaː | [ʔua⁵] | |
1857 | 鞋子 | shoes | *kəːmʔ | *Cəʔgəːmʔ | [ləm⁵] | |
1858 | 寫 | write, draw | GHl *tʰaːjʔ | |||
1859 | 寫 | write, draw | NECHl *hwaːjʔ | |||
1860 | 洩氣 | discouraged | *fʰiwɦ | *fiwɦ | ||
1861 | 心 | heart | GHl *Cuɦəːk | |||
1862 | 心臟 | heart (body) | GHl *hlaːwʔ | tsʰiaːw¹ | ||
1863 | 新 | new | *hmaːn | *maːn | [ɬaw⁴] | |
1864 | 新 | new | CHl *C-nəwʔ | |||
1865 | 囟門 | fontanel | *ʋɯnɦ | *C-bɯnɦ | [naː⁵] | |
1866 | 囟門 | fontanel | NECHl *hwuː | |||
1867 | 星星 | star | *ɾaːw | *C-[d/ɖ]aːw | [tsap⁷tsin⁵] | |
1868 | 腥 | smelly | *ɦaːj | *C-ɣaːj | huəj⁴ | |
1869 | 腥 | smelly | NCHl *Ciɦəːj | |||
1870 | 腥 | smelly | *kʰaːw | *[k/x]aːw | huː¹ | |
1871 | 醒 | awaken | *hlɯːn | *lɯːn | [tsʰeːt⁹] | |
1872 | 醒 | awaken | CHl *pʰuj | |||
1873 | 凶兆 | bad omen | *hwiːn | *wiːn | viːn¹ | |
1874 | 胸膛 | chest | *fʰənʔ | *fənʔ | pan¹[tsaj⁴] | |
1875 | 熊 | bear | *C-muj | *C-muj | muj⁴ | |
1876 | 休息 | rest | GHl *ʈʂhɯːk | [ʔaːw¹] | ||
1877 | 休息 | rest | Qi *tçɯː | |||
1878 | 休息 | rest | Run *kʰuːɦ | |||
1879 | 修理 | fix | *ɾiːmɦ | *C-[d/ɖ]iːmɦ | ||
1880 | 修理 | fix | NECHl *ɓiːn | |||
1881 | 袖子 | sleeve | *kʰiːn | *[k/x]iːn | [tɯːn¹] | |
1882 | 袖子 | sleeve | *ʋ[e]ːŋʔ | *C-b[ɛ]ːŋʔ | voː⁴ | |
1883 | 蓄水 | retain water | *C-luŋ | *C-luŋ | [ŋat⁷] | |
1884 | 蓄水 | retain water | CHl *C-ləːŋ | |||
1885 | 旋轉 | turn | *hŋaːjʔ | *ŋaːjʔ | [van¹] | |
1886 | 選擇 | choose | GHl *hləɲ | tsɔn⁴ | ||
1887 | 癬 | ringworm | ECHl *C-leːmɦ | leːm⁵ | ||
1888 | 癬 | ringworm | NECHl *kuːŋʔ | |||
1889 | 血 | blood | *hlaːc | *laːc | ɬuət⁸ | |
1890 | 燻肉 | smoke meat | *[ʈʂ/tç]huːɦ | *[ʈ/c]uːɦ | haːŋ¹ | |
1891 | 燻肉 | smoke meat | Qi *Cuɦəːn | |||
1892 | 尋找 | search | *k[e]ːk | *Cəʔg[ɛ]ːk | [liəw²] | |
1893 | 尋找 | search | NWCHl *ɾɯt | |||
1894 | 尋找 | search | NECHl *tʰaːwɦ | |||
1895 | 壓 | press | *[ʈʂ/tç]həːt | *[ʈ/c]əːt | [kəm⁵] | |
1896 | 壓 | press | NWCHl *tçʰəːn | |||
1897 | 鴨 | duck | CHl *ɓit | ɓet⁷ | ||
1898 | 牙齒 | tooth | *fʰjən | *Civən | tsʰaŋ¹ | |
1899 | 芽 | bud, shoot | *ʈʂhaː | *ʈaː | [tɔk⁷] | |
1900 | 芽 | bud, shoot | NWCHl *ɾəːŋ | |||
1901 | 啞 | dumb, mute | *C-ŋom | *C-ŋom | ŋɔːm¹ | |
1902 | 烟 | smoke (tobacco) | *h[l]jɯːk | *[Cil/j]ɯːk | tsoː¹ | |
1903 | 烟 | smoke (tobacco) | CHl *hjaː | |||
1904 | 烟 | smoke (tobacco) | NCHl *Cuɦəːn | |||
1905 | 烟子 | soot | *ɗiːk | *Cəʔdiːk | tiː² | |
1906 | 淹 | flood | *ʋəc | *C-bəc | [muan⁴] | |
1907 | 閹 | castrate | *ɗɯːn | *Cəʔdɯːn | ɬɯŋ⁴ | |
1908 | 腌 | pickle | GHl *C-məːŋ | mɔːŋ⁵ | ||
1909 | 腌 | pickle | Run *C-moŋɦ | |||
1910 | 沿著 | along | *C-niːnʔ | *C-niːnʔ | ||
1911 | 沿著 | along | NWCHl *Cuhruː | |||
1912 | 鹽 | salt | *C-ɲaːwʔ | *C-ɲaːwʔ | nɔːw⁴ | |
1913 | 猿 | ape | *Cuɾiː | *Cu[d/ɖ]iː | [viən⁴vɯat⁹] | |
1914 | 眼睛 | eye | *ʈʂhaː | *ʈaː | tow¹ | |
1915 | 眼淚 | tears | *C-nəmʔ | *C-nəmʔ | naːm¹ | |
1916 | 眼淚 | tears | *ʈʂhaː | *ʈaː | tow¹ | |
1917 | 秧 | seedling | *fʰjən | *Civən | tsʰan¹ | |
1918 | 羊 | sheep | *hjaːŋ | *jaːŋ | tsɯːʔ⁷ | |
1919 | 仰 | face upward | *C-laː | *C-laː | [tsaːm⁴] | |
1920 | 仰望 | look up at | CHl *hŋəɰʔ | ŋəj⁴ | ||
1921 | 癢 | itch | GHl *kʰom | kʰam¹ | ||
1922 | 腰 | waist | *Ciɦəw | *Ciɣəw | [ɬam²] | |
1923 | 腰 | waist | Meifu *ɦəw | |||
1924 | 腰 | waist | *Ciɦaːɦ | *Ciɣaːɦ | zow⁴ | |
1925 | 腰 | waist | NWCHl *tçʰɯn | |||
1926 | 妖怪 | monster | GHl *hwəːt | vɯat⁹ | ||
1927 | 妖怪 | monster | CHl *ʈʂhəːj | |||
1928 | 妖怪 | monster | GHl *ʔɯːŋ | [ʔuəj¹] | ||
1929 | 搖 | shake | *hɲoŋɦ | *ɲoŋɦ | ɲuəŋ⁴ | |
1930 | 搖籃 | cradle | *ʔuː | *ʔuː | ʔəːj¹ | |
1931 | 咬 | bite | GHl *hŋaːɲʔ | ɗaːn¹ | ||
1932 | 舀 | ladle | *ɗok | *Cəʔdok | ɗɔːk⁹ | |
1933 | 舀 | ladle | NCHl *kʰəwʔ | |||
1934 | 舀 | ladle | Run *Cuʔəːk | |||
1935 | 舀 | ladle | CHl *ɓə:k | [hiːw¹] | ||
1936 | 藥 | medicine | *hjaː | *jaː | tsoː¹ | |
1937 | 要 | want | *ɗɯː | *Cəʔdɯː | lɔː⁵ | |
1938 | 鷂鷹 | hawk | *hrinɦ | *rinɦ | [pʰat⁷] | |
1939 | 椰子 | coconut | *Ciʔunɦ | *Ciʔunɦ | [pɔː⁵tsʰuək⁷] | |
1940 | 椰子 | coconut | NECHl *hj[a]ːŋɦ | |||
1941 | 也 | also | *C-ŋəɲ | *C-ŋəɲ | ||
1942 | 野雞 | pheasant | *kʰəj | *[k/x]əj | kʰaj¹ | |
1943 | 野雞 | pheasant | *sʰuːn | *suːn | tsʰuən¹ | |
1944 | 野貓 | wildcat | *C-miːwɦ | *C-miːwɦ | [ɲaːw⁵] | |
1945 | 野貓 | wildcat | GHl *sʰuːn | tsʰuən¹ | ||
1946 | 野薯 | yam | *Cuŋaː | *Cuŋaː | ŋow¹ | |
1947 | 野薯 | yam | NWCHl *hŋwəːj | |||
1948 | 野薯 | yam | *C-muːŋ | *C-muːŋ | mɔːn¹tsʰuən¹ | |
1949 | 野薯 | yam | Run *C-mən | |||
1950 | 野性 | wilderness | *hljiːw | *Ciliːw | tsiːw⁴ | |
1951 | 野豬 | wild boar | *C-ləc | *C-ləc | [pəj⁴tsʰuən¹] | |
1952 | 葉子 | leaf | *ɓɯː | *Cəʔbɯː | piː¹ | |
1953 | 夜盲 | night-blind | *ɾom | *C-[d/ɖ]om | pɯː¹ | |
1954 | 夜盲 | night-blind | Qi *hmɯːŋʔ | |||
1955 | 夜盲 | night-blind | CHl *ʈʂhaː | tow¹ | ||
1956 | 夜盲 | night-blind | CHl *kʰəj | kʰaj¹ | ||
1957 | 腋 | armpit | GHl *kʰaː | [taw¹] | ||
1958 | 腋 | armpit | CHl *tçʰuːŋʔ | |||
1959 | 腋 | armpit | *C-ŋiːʔ | *C-ŋiːʔ | [tsəːj⁴] | |
1960 | 一 | one | *tçʰɯːʔ | *[c/ç]ɯːʔ | ||
1961 | 一 | one | *Cɯ[ʔ/ɦ] | kɯ² | ||
1962 | 一起 | together | *ɓɯːɦ | *Cəʔbɯːɦ | [paːk⁹] | |
1963 | 一十 | group of ten | *hmun | *mun | lem¹puŋ⁴ | |
1964 | 醫治 | heal | *hjaː | *jaː | ||
1965 | 依靠 | lean on | GHl *C-məːŋɦ | [ʔua²kʰaw¹] | ||
1966 | 姨父 | mother’s elder sister’s husband | *[ʈʂ/tç]hejʔ | *[c/ç]əjʔ | tsʰaːj¹ | |
1967 | 姨父 | mother’s elder sister’s husband | *fʰɯː | *fɯː | paː¹ | |
1968 | 姨母 | father’s younger sister | *hŋiːn | *ŋiːn | ŋiən² | |
1969 | 姨母 | mother’s elder sister | *hmiː | *miː | [fiː⁴] | |
1970 | 已經 | already | *ɓaːjʔ | *Cəʔbaːjʔ | ||
1971 | 已經 | already | *ɓəːjʔ | *NECHlː | ||
1972 | 溢 | overflow | *ɓaːɦ | *Cəʔbaːɦ | pɔː¹ | |
1973 | 溢 | overflow | Run *ʋaːɦ | |||
1974 | 陰 | cloudy | *C-ŋɯːm | *C-ŋɯːm | kum⁴ | |
1975 | 陰 | cloudy | CHl *hŋomʔ | |||
1976 | 陰 | cloudy | NCHl *C-ŋomʔ | |||
1977 | 銀 | silver | *hŋən | *ŋən | kuən⁴ | |
1978 | 銀元 | silver coin | *hŋən | *ŋən | kuən⁴ | |
1979 | 銀元 | silver coin | *kʰaːw1 | *[k/x]aːw1 | ||
1980 | 引 | to lead | *C-ɦuɲ | *C-ɣun | luəj² | |
1981 | 引 | to lead | ECHl *hrujʔ | |||
1982 | 引火 | ignite | *tçip | *Cəʔɟip | [ɲin²] | |
1983 | 引火 | ignite | CHl *C-ŋaːnʔ | |||
1984 | 引誘 | tempt | *C-lok | *C-lok | ||
1985 | 引誘 | tempt | CHl *C-luːk | |||
1986 | 鸚鵡 | parrot (green) | *ɗeːwɦ | *Cəʔdɛːw | ||
1987 | 鸚鵡 | parrot (black) | *tçuːŋɦ | *Cəʔɟuːŋɦ | tsuaŋ⁵ | |
1988 | 鷹 | eagle | *C-ŋaːw | *C-ŋaːw | [vej²] | |
1989 | 螢火蟲 | firefly | *kuːc | *Cəʔguːc | ||
1990 | 螢火蟲 | firefly | *lip | *C-lip | [tsap⁹] | |
1991 | 螢火蟲 | firefly | GHl *C-ləŋʔ | [tsin⁵] | ||
1992 | 螢火蟲 | firefly | CHl *C-laːj | |||
1993 | 影子 | shadow | *[ʋ/hw]ɯː | *[C-b/w]ɯː | [tɯa¹] | |
1994 | 影子 | shadow | Qi *hjəwʔ | |||
1995 | 影子 | shadow | NCHl *Ciɦəːwʔ | |||
1996 | 硬 | hard | *tçʰəːnʔ | *[c/ç]əːnʔ | [ləːw⁴] | |
1997 | 游泳 | swim | *m-liː | *m-liː | [lɔn¹] | |
1998 | 有 | have | *tçuːɦ | *Cəʔɟuːɦ | ||
1999 | 有 | have | *ɗuːk | *Cəʔduːk | tɔk⁹ | |
2000 | 有 | have | Run *ɗəːk | |||
2001 | 又 | again | *C-lomʔ | *C-lomʔ | ||
2002 | 又 | again | NECHl *C-ləmʔ | |||
2003 | 右 | right | *pʰəjʔ | *pəjʔ | pʰaːj⁵ | |
2004 | 右 | right | Run *fʰ[a]ːŋ | |||
2005 | 右 | right | CHl *hninɦ | [pet¹⁰] | ||
2006 | 柚子 | pomelo | *ɓom | *Cəʔbom | ɓuəŋ⁵ | |
2007 | 瘀血 | bruise | GHl *[ʈʂ/tç]həmʔ | [ʔjaːm¹] | ||
2008 | 瘀血 | bruise | GHl *hlaːc | ɬuət⁸ | ||
2009 | 魚 | fish | *hlaː | *laː | ɬow⁴ | |
2010 | 魚籠 | fish cage | *C-liːk | *C-liːk | [ɓaːw¹] | |
2011 | 魚鰭 | fins | *hwik | *wik | [pʰiː⁵] | |
2012 | 雨 | rain | GHl *fʰun | pɔŋ¹ | ||
2013 | 語言 | language | *tʰun | *tun | [ɗat⁹] | |
2014 | 玉米 | corn | Qi *fʰ[a]ːŋʔ | |||
2015 | 玉米 | corn | CHl *tçaːjʔ | [mɯaj¹] | ||
2016 | 芋頭 | taro | *hraːk | *raːk | kɯː⁵ | |
2017 | 圓 | round | *Cuɦom | *Cuɣom | [laːw¹] | |
2018 | 圓 | round | NCHl *Cuʔom | |||
2019 | 遠 | far | *C-ləj | *C-ləj | laj¹ | |
2020 | 願意 | willing | *ɗ[e]ːŋ | *Cəʔd[ɛ]ːŋ | ||
2021 | 月 | month | *C-ɲaːn | *C-ɲaːn | nuən¹ | |
2022 | 月初 | beginning of month | *Cuhrəwʔ | *Curəwʔ | nuən¹ | |
2023 | 月初 | beginning of month | *C-ɲaːn | *C-ɲaːn | ||
2024 | 月亮 | moon | *C-ɲaːn | *C-ɲaːn | nuən¹ | |
2025 | 岳父 | father-in-law | *pʰaːʔ | *paːʔ | ||
2026 | 岳父 | father-in-law | *hnəːŋ | *nəːŋ | [tsʰaːj¹] | |
2027 | 岳母 | mother-in-law | *hmiːʔ | *miːʔ | ||
2028 | 岳母 | mother-in-law | *hnəːŋ | *nəːŋ | [ŋiən²] | |
2029 | 雲 | cloud | CHl *ɗ[a]ːk | |||
2030 | 雲 | cloud | GHl *fʰaːʔ | pow¹ | ||
2031 | 孕穗 | rice plant with seed | *C-miːnʔ | *C-miːnʔ | miːn¹ | |
2032 | 扎 | tie tightly | *sʰiːɦ | *siːɦ | [ləːw⁴] | |
2033 | 扎 | tie tightly | Qi *fʰəːt | |||
2034 | 扎 | tie tightly | NWCHl *C-ŋəːnʔ | |||
2035 | 宰 | slaughter | *[C-]miːk | *C-miːk | [tsɛː²] | |
2036 | 宰 | slaughter | CHl *ɦəwʔ | |||
2037 | 咱們 | we (incl.) | *hruː | *ruː | [tej¹] | |
2038 | 贊揚 | praise | *hwəj | *wəj | [tsəŋ⁴] | |
2039 | 鑿子 | awl | *ɓənɦ | *Cəʔbənɦ | [tsʰiːw⁵] | |
2040 | 早 | early | *kaːwʔ | *Cəʔgaːwʔ | [puət⁸] | |
2041 | 早晨 | morning | GHl *kaːwʔ | [ziaw⁴] | ||
2042 | 早晨 | morning | *ɗom | *Cəʔdom | [hɔm⁴] | |
2043 | 早晨 | morning | NCHl *hwaːnʔ | |||
2044 | 灶 | stove | *tçʰiːn | *ciːn | tsʰiːn¹ | |
2045 | 灶 | stove | *sʰuːʔ | *suːʔ | tsʰaːw¹ | |
2046 | 賊 | thief | *ɓuj | *Cəʔbuj | fuj⁴ | |
2047 | 怎樣 | how | GHl *ɗuŋ | leŋ⁵ | ||
2048 | 怎樣 | how | *ɾaː | *C-[d/ɖ]aː | laːj⁴ | |
2049 | 曾祖父 | paternal great grandfather | *pʰut | *put | [pəːw⁴tuən⁴] | |
2050 | 曾祖母 | paternal great grandmother | *tçɯt | *Cəʔɟɯt | [tsə²tuən⁴] | |
2051 | 增加 | increase | GHl *C-maː | |||
2052 | 渣滓 | dregs | GHl *ɗ[a]ːk | tɯː⁵ | ||
2053 | 搾 | handspan | *Cuɦɯp | *Cuɣɯp | hɔːp⁸ | |
2054 | 眨眼 | wink | GHl *C-lip | liap⁷ | ||
2055 | 眨眼 | wink | Run *C-ɲiːp | |||
2056 | 蚱蜢 | grasshopper | *hmiːʔ | *miːʔ | ʔet⁷laːw³ | |
2057 | 蚱蜢 | grasshopper | *kit | *Cəʔgit | [luj⁵] | |
2058 | 蚱蜢 | grasshopper | CHl *hnɯːk | |||
2059 | 摘 | to pick | *ɾuː | *C-[d/ɖ]uː | luː⁴ | |
2060 | 摘 | to pick | GHl *C-luːʔ | |||
2061 | 摘 | to pick | NWCHl *hŋ[a]ːk | |||
2062 | 摘 | to pick | Run *ɾɯə | |||
2063 | 窄 | narrow | *ɓiːp | *Cəʔbiːp | [viːn⁵] | |
2064 | 粘 | stick | GHl *kʰaːt | [kʰan⁵] | ||
2065 | 站 | stand | *tçuːn | *Cəʔɟuːn | tsʰuːn¹ | |
2066 | 張 | flat clf. | *ʋənʔ | *C-bənʔ | viən⁴ | |
2067 | 長大 | grow up | *C-luŋ | *C-luŋ | loː¹ | |
2068 | 招待 | serve | *ɗaːjɦ | *Cəʔdaːjɦ | ɗaːj⁵ | |
2069 | 招待 | serve | Run *[ʈʂ/tç]hɯːʔ | |||
2070 | 著火 | catch fire | *tʰəŋ | *təŋ | [nɯən⁴] | |
2071 | 照料 | take care of | *ʔuːŋɦ | *ʔuːŋɦ | [luːj²] | |
2072 | 螫 | sting | *[ʈʂ/tç]həːŋʔ | *[ʈ/c]əːŋʔ | [ɗaːn⁴] | |
2073 | 螫 | sting | Run *C-ɲəj | |||
2074 | 遮羞布 | underwear | *fʰiːnɦ | *fiːnɦ | piən¹ | |
2075 | 遮蓋 | cover (tracks) | *fʰəːŋɦ | *fəːŋɦ | [tiəm⁵] | |
2076 | 遮蓋 | cover (tracks) | NCHl *hmiːŋɦ | |||
2077 | 折樹枝 | bend (branch) | GHl *C-ŋuːt | [pua⁵] | ||
2078 | 折樹枝 | break (branch) | *tçʰəːk | *[c/ç]əːk | ||
2079 | 折樹枝 | break (branch) | Run *tçʰiːk | |||
2080 | 折疊 | fold | *C-muːn | *C-muːn | maːn¹ | |
2081 | 這 | this | *C-niːɦ | *C-niːɦ | nɛj⁵ | |
2082 | 這樣 | this way | *ɗuŋ | *Cəʔduŋ | [leŋ⁵] | |
2083 | 這樣 | this way | *C-niːɦ | *C-niːɦ | nɛː⁵ | |
2084 | 鷓鴣 | partridge (Francolinus pintadeanus) | *tʰaːnʔ | *taːnʔ | ɗaːn⁵ | |
2085 | 針 | needle | *hŋuc | *ŋuc | kuət⁸ | |
2086 | 真 | true | CHl *ɗət | [paːt⁹] | ||
2087 | 砧板 | chopping block | CHl *tʰimɦ | [taːŋ¹] | ||
2088 | 斟 | pour out | *tçoːɦ | *Cəʔɟoːɦ | [ɬɔm²] | |
2089 | 枕 | rest head | *Cuŋaːn | *Cuŋaːn | ŋuən¹ | |
2090 | 枕頭 | pillow | *Cuŋaːn | *Cuŋaːn | ŋuən¹ | |
2091 | 枕頭 | pillow | *Cuhrəwʔ | *Curəwʔ | kiːw¹ | |
2092 | 爭奪 | compete for | *C-ɲaːw | *C-ɲaːw | [kiəp⁷] | |
2093 | 睜眼 | open eyes | GHl *C-ləŋʔ | ləːŋ¹ | ||
2094 | 蒸 | steam | *Ciʔunɦ | *Ciʔunɦ | tsun¹ | |
2095 | 蒸 | steam | Meifu *ʔunɦ | |||
2096 | 正面 | front | GHl *hrəːm | [haj²] | ||
2097 | 正面 | front | *ɗəŋ | *Cəʔdəŋ | [mɯa⁵] | |
2098 | 正午 | high noon | *ʈʂhaː | *ʈaː | ||
2099 | 正午 | high noon | *hməjʔ | *NCHl | ||
2100 | 正午 | high noon | *hŋwən | *ŋwən | [ɗuən⁵] | |
2101 | 正午 | high noon | GHl *ɗəŋɦ | |||
2102 | 支 | pen clf. | *pʰuːnʔ | *puːnʔ | ɓuən¹ | |
2103 | 隻(雞) | chicken clf. | *C-ləŋ | *C-ləŋ | tɔŋ¹ | |
2104 | 隻 | livestock clf. | *hmən | *mən | puən⁴ | |
2105 | 芝麻 | sesame | *hŋɯː | *ŋɯː | [tiaw⁴] | |
2106 | 芝麻 | sesame | Qi *hɲɯːn | |||
2107 | 枝 | branch | *kʰaː | *[k/x]aː | kʰow¹ | |
2108 | 知道 | know | *kʰuːŋ | *[k/x]uːŋ | [min⁴] | |
2109 | 知道 | know | Meifu *kʰuŋ | |||
2110 | 知道 | know | *Cuhrɯː | *Curɯː | [ɗuəj⁵] | |
2111 | 知道 | know | CHl *hmɯːʔ | |||
2112 | 織 | weave (fabric) | *Cuʈʂhɯːk | *Cuʈɯːk | taːk⁹ | |
2113 | 織 | weave (net) | *kʰuːt | *[k/x]uːt | [tsʰaː¹] | |
2114 | 織布機 | loom | *ʈʂhəj | *ʈəj | tsʰaj¹ | |
2115 | 織布機 | loom | *Cuʈʂhɯːk | *Cuʈɯːk | taːk⁹ | |
2116 | 指 | point | *sʰɯːʔ | *sɯːʔ | tsej¹ | |
2117 | 指 | point | Meifu *sʰɯː | |||
2118 | 指甲 | fingernail | *C-liːp | *C-liːp | lep⁷ | |
2119 | 蜘蛛 | spider | ECHl *[ʈʂ/tç]həp | tam¹ | ||
2120 | 蜘蛛 | spider | ECHl *sʰəp | |||
2121 | 蜘蛛 | spider | ECHl *[ʈʂ/tç]hiː | taːj⁵ | ||
2122 | 蜘蛛 | spider | ECHl *sʰaːjɦ | |||
2123 | 蜘蛛 | spider | ECHl *kʰomʔ | |||
2124 | 蜘蛛 | spider | NECHl *kʰəw | |||
2125 | 蜘蛛 | spider | CHl *kʰuːŋ | |||
2126 | 直 | straight | *C-muːc | *C-muːc | kɯŋ⁵ | |
2127 | 直 | straight | ECHl *kɯŋɦ | |||
2128 | 侄 | nephew | GHl *ɬɯːk | ɬiək⁸ | ||
2129 | 侄 | nephew | *fʰɯː | *fɯː | paː¹ | |
2130 | 只 | only | *C-ɲəːŋ | *C-ɲəːŋ | ||
2131 | 紙 | paper | *tçʰiəʔ | *[c/ç]iəʔ | ||
2132 | 雉 | pheasant | GHl *fʰaː | fow¹ | ||
2133 | 中間 | middle | *tʰom | *tom | ||
2134 | 中間 | middle | Run *tçɯː | |||
2135 | 腫 | swell | *ʔun | *ʔun | fun⁴ | |
2136 | 種 | a kind of | GHl *C-muːɦ | |||
2137 | 種 | seed | *fʰən | *Civən | tsʰan¹ | |
2138 | 種 | to plant | *Cuhraː | *Curaː | kɯː¹ | |
2139 | 重 | heavy | *kʰɯn | *[k/x]ɯn | kʰɔːn¹ | |
2140 | 粥 | gruel | *tʰaːɦ | *taːɦ | tʰow¹ | |
2141 | 粥 | gruel | *C-nəmʔ | *C-nəmʔ | naːm¹ | |
2142 | 妯娌 | brother’s wife | *tʰəːŋʔ | *təːŋʔ | ||
2143 | 妯娌 | brother’s wife | *ɗɯːŋ | *Cəʔdɯːŋ | [ʔuː¹] | |
2144 | 肘 | elbow | *Ciɦuːŋɦ | *Ciɣuːŋɦ | tsʰua⁵ | |
2145 | 咒罵 | curse, swear | *ɦiːnʔ | *C-ɣiːnʔ | haː⁴ | |
2146 | 皺紋 | wrinkle | *C-ɲit | *C-ɲit | ɲet⁷ | |
2147 | 豬 | pig | *hməw | *məw | [pəj⁴] | |
2148 | 豬油 | lard | GHl *fʰɯːŋ | |||
2149 | 竹排 | bamboo raft | *ɓəj | *Cəʔbəj | [tɯa¹] | |
2150 | 竹箏 | bamboo shoot | *C-nɯːŋ | *C-nɯːŋ | naːŋ¹ | |
2151 | 竹子 | bamboo (thin) | *C-laːw | *C-laːw | [təm¹ɓa¹] | |
2152 | 竹子 | bamboo (big) | *ɾəːnɦ | *C-[d/ɖ]əːnɦ | ||
2153 | 竹子 | bamboo (big) | *ɗom | *Cəʔdom | təm¹ɗum⁵ | |
2154 | 竹子 | bamboo (big and long) | *m-lɯːjɦ | *m-lɯːjɦ | təm¹luəj⁵ | |
2155 | 主人 | host | *ʋaːŋ | *C-baːŋ | vɯː⁴ | |
2156 | 煮 | to boil (potatoes) | *ɾəːŋɦ | *C-[d/ɖ]əːŋɦ | ||
2157 | 煮 | to boil (potatoes) | *ɓuːʔ | *Cəʔbuːʔ | ||
2158 | 住 | live at | *[ɾ/hr]jɯːk | *Ci[d/r]ɯːk | [liaw¹] | |
2159 | 住 | live at | NECHl *tçoŋʔ | |||
2160 | 柱子 | pillar | *Cuŋəwɦ | *Cuŋəwɦ | kɯan⁴ | |
2161 | 柱子 | pillar | CHl *hŋəːn | |||
2162 | 蛀 | cavity | *tʰəmʔ | *təmʔ | [tsiːw⁴] | |
2163 | 蛀蟲 | moth | *Cuɦuː | *Cuɣuː | haw⁴ | |
2164 | 轉 | turn | GHl *Ciʔəj | [han²] | ||
2165 | 轉 | turn | Run *Ciʔət | |||
2166 | 裝飾 | decorate | *ɓiːnɦ | *Cəʔbiːnɦ | ɓiən⁵ | |
2167 | 追趕 | chase | *C-luːjʔ | *C-luːjʔ | [pʰeːk⁹] | |
2168 | 追趕 | chase | GHl *Cuɦəːn | |||
2169 | 準備 | prepare | *hrəp | *rəp | ||
2170 | 捉 | catch | *hməːk | *məːk | [haːm¹] | |
2171 | 濁 | turbid | GHl *C-nɯm | |||
2172 | 濁 | turbid | *kunɦ | *Cəʔgunɦ | [huət⁸] | |
2173 | 自己 | self | GHl *pʰaːʔ | [na¹] | ||
2174 | 自己 | self | GHl *tçɯːʔ | [lɔː⁵] | ||
2175 | 鬃毛 | mane | GHl *C-ŋiːnɦ | [hɔːŋ⁴ŋaj¹] | ||
2176 | 鬃毛 | mane | CHl *C-ŋaːk | |||
2177 | 粽子 | rice dumpling | *hɲiːt | *ɲiːt | ||
2178 | 走 | go | *fʰiː | *fiː | paj¹ | |
2179 | 走 | go | *tçaːmɦ | *Cəʔɟaːmɦ | ||
2180 | 祖父 | grandfather | *pʰuːʔ | *puːʔ | pəːw⁴ | |
2181 | 祖母 | grandmother | *tçɯːʔ | *Cəʔɟɯːʔ | tsəː² | |
2182 | 祖宗 | ancestor | *pʰut | *put | ||
2183 | 祖宗 | ancestor | *pʰuːʔ | *puːʔ | pəːw⁴tuən⁴ | |
2184 | 詛咒 | curse | *tʰən | *tən | [ŋam⁵] | |
2185 | 鑽 | to drill | *sʰəw | *səw | [hɔk⁸] | |
2186 | 鑽子 | drill (n.) | *sʰəw | *səw | ||
2187 | 鑽子 | drill (n.) | Run *hŋuːt | |||
2188 | 嘴巴 | mouth | *hməmʔ | *məmʔ | muəŋ⁴ | |
2189 | 嘴巴 | mouth | NCHl *hmomʔ | |||
2190 | 嘴唇 | lips (upper) | *sʰunʔ | *sunʔ | naː¹tsʰuŋ¹ | |
2191 | 嘴唇 | lips (lower) | CHl *[ʈʂ/tç]həːj | |||
2192 | 罪 | crime | *C-maːʔ | *C-maːʔ | [tuj⁵] | |
2193 | 醉 | drunk | *hmuj | *muj | puəj⁴ | |
2194 | 昨天 | yesterday | *pʰənʔ | *pənʔ | pʰɔːn¹ | |
2195 | 左 | left | *pʰəjʔ | *pəjʔ | haj² | |
2196 | 左 | left | Run *fʰ[a]ːŋ | |||
2197 | 左 | left | *hwiːŋ | *wiːŋ | ||
2198 | 左 | left | NCHl *Cuʔəj | |||
2199 | 左 | left | Qi *Cuɾaːw | [huəj⁴] | ||
2200 | 坐 | sit | GHl *tçoŋʔ | tsiəŋ | ||
2201 | 做 | do | *ʋuːk | *C-buːk | [leŋ¹] | |
2202 | 做 | do | Qi *ʋuk | |||
2203 | 做 | do | Run *C-liːɦ |
Ostapirat (2004)
[edit]The following list of Proto-Hlai reconstructions is from Weera Ostapirat (2004).
English gloss | Proto-Hlai |
---|---|
arm | *kiːnA |
armpit | *ŋaiA |
back | *ʔduːnC[1] |
beard | *(ə)mɨːmC |
blood | *alaːc |
body | *ukuːnA |
bone | *urɨːk |
brain | *aluːk |
chest | *apanC |
ear | *ilaiA |
elbow | *ikuːŋB |
excrement | *akaːiC |
eye | *ataA |
fart | *(ʔ)tuːt |
fat | *aRuːiC |
finger | *iliːŋB |
fingernail | *liːp |
flesh, meat | *aRamC |
foot | *kuk |
forehead | *daːuA |
fist | *ugap / *uRap |
gall bladder | *daiA |
hair | *ukunA |
hand | *mɨA |
head | *uRəuC |
heart | *alaːuC |
intestine | *araːiC |
knee | *aruA |
liver | *ŋaːnA |
lung | *gɨuB |
mouth | *amamC |
navel | *urɨA |
neck | *iluŋC |
nose | *kat |
nose, face | *(ʔ)daŋA[2] |
pus | *uRiuC |
saliva | *aləːiA |
shoulder | *aʋaB |
skin | *nəŋA |
skin layer | *alɨt |
stomach | *amuk |
tongue | *aliːnC |
tooth | *ipanA |
urine | *(ʔ)duA |
waist | *ikauA |
waist | *ikaB |
wart | *suːC |
ant | *amuc |
ant (red) | *ukalC |
ape | *uriA |
bear | *muiA |
bedbug | *gɨp |
bird | *saC |
boar | *laC |
cat | *miːuB |
centipede | *ariːp |
chicken | *kaiA |
cicada | *iRəːiA |
clam, snail | *ciA |
cow | *naːuA |
crab | *(ʔ)bɨuB |
crocodile | *gaiC |
crow, n. | *ʔaːk |
dog | *amaA |
egg | *ajɨːmA |
fish | *alaA |
flea | *amət |
fly, n. | *awaːŋC |
frog (small) | *galB |
frog (large) | *gaːt |
gadfly | *ilaːk |
gills | *ŋaːk |
hom | *akauA |
horse | *aŋaC |
insect, worm | *ikanB |
leech (land) | *ʔtaːk |
leech (water) | *iliŋA |
louse (body) | *tanA |
louse (head) | *utuA |
louse (chicken) | *ajəuC |
louse (dog) | *cip |
maggot | *aŋuiA |
monkey | *nuk |
mosquito | *ɲuːŋA |
moth | *ukuA |
moths | *(ʔ)tamC |
muntjac | *ləːiA |
nest | *aruːk |
otter | *(ə)naːk |
pheasant | *upaA |
pig | *amauA |
pig, porcupine | *daiA |
pigeon, dove | *kuA |
porcupine | *mɨnC |
rat | *aniuA |
scale (fish) | *ləp |
shell, skin | *apaːk |
shrimp | *uraːŋA |
snake | *ilaB |
sparrow | *ʔpac |
sparrowhawk | *aginB |
spur | *ikut |
tail | *cuc |
termite | *pəluːk |
turtle | *ʔtɨuB |
turtle (soft-shelled) | *ʔtɨːp |
wasp (small) | *tinA |
wasp (big) | *pəluA |
wing | *piːk |
worm (small) | *awiːuB |
bamboo | *ʔdumA |
bamboo | *pəlɨːiB |
bamboo shoot | *nɨːŋA |
banana | *awaːk |
bark | *apaːk |
beans, peas | *ikauA |
branch | *kaA |
branch | *ŋaːmB |
chaff | *iRumA |
coconut | *iʔunB |
cotton | *(ʔ)buːiC |
field, paddy | *anaB |
flower | *ataːŋA |
fruit | *atəmA |
fruit (flesh) | *maːk |
ginger | *khɨːŋA |
gourd | *agaːiB |
grain (blighted) | *aliːp |
grass | *aŋanC |
hemp (wild) | *amiːnA |
hemp | *(ʔ)kaːnA |
leaf | *bɨA |
ashes | *sauC |
breach | *awaːŋB |
cloud, sky | *apaC |
dam | *thəmC |
dew, frost | *aləŋC |
dew | *aŋaːuC |
dike (field) | *ikənA |
dirt, dust | *uranA |
drought | *araːnB |
fire | *apiA |
fog | *ukənA |
fog, shadow | *aŋaːuC |
forest, hill | *daːuC |
forest | *aRaŋA |
forest | *kəŋA |
frost | *ilinA |
grove | *aguŋC |
hole, cave | *cuːŋC |
light (dawn) | *ʔdinC |
millet | *apaːŋC |
musk melon | *ʔaiA |
pineapple | *araC |
reed | *apaːuA |
rice (cooked) | *taB |
rice (polished) | *agiA / *aRiA |
rice, food | *urap |
rice, paddy | *muc |
rice, paddy | *muːnC |
rice, paddy | *amuk |
seed | *(i)panA |
seedlings | *awiuA |
sprout, n. | *ataA / *caA |
straw | *ŋwiŋC |
sugarcane | *maːiC |
thatch grass | *ikaA |
thorn | *ukɨnC |
twig end | *ikənC |
vine | *gac |
wood | *caːk |
yam | *manA |
yam | *muːŋA |
lightning | *alip |
moon | *ɲaːnA |
mountain | *tɨːnA |
mountain | *ukəuC |
mud | *pəlaːk |
pith | *ukaC |
rain | *apunA |
road, path | *guːnA |
star | *araːuA |
stone | *ciːnA |
thunder, noise | *arəŋA |
trough (pig) | *atuA |
typhoon | *awanB |
water | *namC |
well, pond | *awaːŋA |
wilderness | *iliːuA |
wind | *awiuA |
wind | *awət |
arrow | *ŋət |
basket (winnowing) | *duŋC |
boat | *uraA |
bow | *aʋaC |
bowl | *uʔaːuA |
bowstring | *aguA |
cloth | *dap |
comb | *saːŋA |
cover, n. | *aŋət |
dregs | *daːk |
drum | *laŋA |
earring | *awiːŋB |
firewood | *aŋunC |
flute (nose) | *iluːnB |
gift | *agiːmC |
handle | *ukəuB |
hat (bamboo) | *alaːŋC |
house | *arɨːnA |
house | *pəluŋC |
iron | *aRəːiC |
jacket | *aʋaːŋC |
knife (pointed) | *iliuC |
knife, sword | *gaC |
ladder | *ʔpɨA |
ladle (gourd) | *ukiA |
mat | *tɨːk |
medicine | *ajaA |
mortar | *arauA |
needle | *aŋuC |
net | *aRəːiC |
pestle | *caːk |
pillow | *ŋaːnA |
pole (shoulder) | *apiːk |
pot | *gaiA |
pot | *ʔtauA |
quilt | *apaiC |
reins | *amanA |
rope, hemp | *dəːiA |
salt | *ɲaːuC |
shelter | *ŋauA |
shoes | *gəmC |
shovel | *ilaːuB |
sieve, n. | *irauA |
skirt | *ariːnC |
trap (rat) | *ikəp |
trap (fish) | *liːk |
village | *upaːnA |
village | *(ʔ)bauC[3] |
wall | *ŋat |
whetstone | *araA |
wine | *ʔbiːŋB |
yeast | *ukumA |
aunt | *(ə)miA |
child | *alɨːk |
female, mother | *amaiC |
female | *(ʔ)kəuB |
generation | *(ʔ)puːnA |
ghost, spirit | *awət |
grandfather | *pauC[4] |
grandmother | *jalC |
great grandfather | *(ʔ)put |
great grandmother | *jɨt |
Han | *məːiA |
husband | *alɨA |
I | *akuA |
life, birth | *aluA |
male (person) | *maːnA |
male, father | *paC |
big | *luŋA |
bitter | *akəmA |
black | *(ʔ)damC |
blind | *pəlaːuA |
clear | *alɨːŋC |
cold | *kaːiB |
daily | *aRəmA |
deaf | *alək |
deep | *alək |
disgusting | *ʔaːiC |
dredge | *awaːnC |
drown | *alumA |
drunk | *amuiA |
dry | *kalB |
dry | *(ʔ)daːuA |
dull, stupid | *aməːiA |
dumb, mute | *ŋumA |
early | *(ʔ)dumA |
early | *gaːuC |
expensive | *ʔbaːŋA |
far | *laiA |
male-in-law | *ajuA |
man, others | *ʔaːuA |
master | *aʋaːŋA |
name | *paːŋA |
omen | *awiːnA |
person | *(ʔ)kunA |
people | *alaiA |
shadow | *ikəuC / *ɨu |
sibling (younger) | *aRuːŋA |
soul | *ukɨA |
taboo | *ukəuB |
they, others | *arauB |
thief | *(ʔ)buiA |
we | *aRauA |
widow | *aməːiC |
you | *mɨA |
new | *alaːuC |
new | *amaːnA |
new | *nəuC |
numb | *ananB |
old | *kauB |
old (person) | *ajaA |
old (thing) | *giːnC |
poor, end | *aʋaːt |
raw | *uriːp |
rich | *aʋaːŋA |
ripe, cooked | *upuiA |
rotten | *ugaːuC |
round | *ukumA |
rusty | *alaːc |
salty | *ukaːnC |
shallow | *ʔtɨnC |
sharp | *cəmA |
short (height) | *talC |
short, brief | *(ʔ)tac |
sick | *(i)tuk |
skinny | *liC |
full, satisfied | *ləmA |
full | *tiːk |
gluttonous | *laːɲA |
good | *alinA |
green | *kiːuA |
hard | *cənC |
heavy | *kɨnA |
high | *paːk |
hot | *utauC[5] |
hungry | *aranA |
idle | *mauC |
lame | *ikaːŋB |
light, a. | *kalC |
light, thin | *(ʔ)dac |
long | *anaːuC |
narrow | *(ʔ)biːp |
naughty | *ilaiA |
near | *pəlalC |
smooth | *giːt |
soft, fresh | *pəlɨːk |
sour | *upaC |
spicy | *aRit |
straight | *muːc |
surplus | *ilaA |
thick | *naA |
thin | *aRɨA |
thin, slender | *ʔuːt |
tight | *amənC |
ugly | *mɨːnA |
unwilling | *ʔaiC |
vast, broad | *(ʔ)baːŋA |
vertical | *arinB |
warm | *alunB |
wet | *amanC |
white | *kaːuA |
yellow | *ilaːŋA |
advance | *aluːt |
arrange | *aRaiA |
ascend | *kaːnA |
ask | *ilaiA |
ask | *agaːmA |
bail (water) | *awiːt |
bathe | *ʔaːp |
bend, break | *ŋuːC |
blow away | *pəliu⁵ |
boil, v. | *(ʔ)bauC |
braid, rub | *(ʔ)pac |
break | *ʔpənC |
bum | *ʔcuiC |
bum, ignite | *ʔbaŋA |
bury | *gumA |
buy | *atac |
carry | *awəːiC |
carry on pole | *ataːp / *caːp |
carry on shoulder | *(ʔ)biːk |
castrate | *(ʔ)dɨːnA |
change | *ilalB |
change (clothes) | *lauA |
chew | *saːk |
chop | *(ʔ)buːŋA |
chop | *aʋənA |
close, vt | *alunA |
close, shut | *ŋat |
comb | *saːŋA |
come | *(ə)mɨːnA |
come to head | *(ʔ)bauA |
cook, boil | *arəŋA |
copula | *manA |
copula (negation) | *ugaiB |
cover | *apəŋB |
cover up | *sumA |
cross | *ikaːmB |
crow, v. | *ikənA |
crow, v. | *arəŋA |
cut | *(ʔ)kiːuB |
cut | *akuːc |
cut up | *aliːt |
cut, chop | *(ʔ)biːuC |
desire, want | *(ʔ)dɨA[6] |
die | *alaːuB |
discard, let go | *(ʔ)pɨːŋC |
draw (water) | *(ʔ)bək |
draw (water) | *ʔduk |
dream | *apanA |
drill | *sauA |
drink | *ikaːuA |
drive out | *luːiC |
drown, submerge | *awac |
dry by fire | *aRɨmC |
dust, v. | *apuːŋC |
eavesdrop | *pək |
exchange | *pəlaiA |
expose, reveal | *ukaːuB |
fall down | *aluːnB |
fall, drop | *ʔtuk |
fan, winnow | *awuŋC |
fear | *(ʔ)daC |
fill | *lɨːp |
finish | *baːiC |
fish, v. | *aruŋC |
fix, erect | *ŋap |
float, flutter | *lit |
flow | *maːuA |
fly, v. | *(ʔ)binA |
forget | *IɨːmB |
glue, stick | *kaːt |
gnaw | *ukət |
go | *akiA |
go, walk | *apiA |
go upstream | *janC |
grind, pound | *luːnA |
growl, roar | *akuk |
hang | *ariːŋC |
hatch | *(ʔ)pək |
hatch | *muk |
hear | *pəlɨA |
heat | *arəmC |
herd, graze | *tauC |
herd | *luːt |
hide | *maɲA |
hit, strike | *(ʔ)taːiB |
hit target | *ləmA |
hold, grasp | *amək |
hold in mouth | *ŋaːnA |
hunt | *aRip |
hush up | *apiːnB |
inlay | *pəlumA |
instruct | *ŋanC |
join, link | *atuːnC / *cuːnC |
jump | *juːnC |
kill | *akauC |
know | *(ʔ)kuːŋA |
know | *uRɨA |
lead | *utunA |
leak | *ikap |
leak | *araɲA |
lie on stomach | *ukəmC |
lift | *ataːmA |
look at | *iluːiC |
make fun of | *ukəŋA |
mark, v. | *pəluːk |
mend | *ariːmB |
nip | *daɲC |
pull, tow | *ajiːt |
pull out | *(ʔ)kaC |
put in | *luːC |
pick | *(ʔ)paC |
pick | *aŋauA |
pileup | *agəp |
place, put | *apat |
plait | *pəliA |
plant, sow | *uRaA / *ugaA |
plow share | *ʔdiːk |
pluck | *aruA |
praise | *awaiA |
press down | *maC |
pull | *aRiuB |
ransom | *atəmC |
remove | *ilaːuB |
replant | *ʔdap |
request | *aRaiC |
return, vt. | *sut |
reverse | *pəlumA |
rise, get up | *uʔalB |
roll over | *pəliːnA |
rot | *tuiA |
run | *uRuB |
scold | *ʔanB |
see | *laːiC |
select | *laɲA |
sell, exchange | *aRiːuC |
sew | *ɲap |
shake, shiver | *ɲanA |
shout | *awuiC |
sink | *jənA |
sip | *cɨp / *atɨp |
sit | *juŋC |
sleep | *(ə)ŋɨuB |
sleep | *jənA |
sleep, doze off | *ŋut |
sleep talk | *apiŋC |
smell, sniff | *akaːiA |
smoke, vt. | *cauB / *atauB |
snore | *uraːnA |
soak | *(ʔ)dəmC |
soak | *aruk |
sow | *apənB |
speak | *ariːnA |
spew | *alaːuA |
stand | *juːnA |
stay | *ajauA / *ɨu |
steal | *iluk |
steam | *iʔunB |
sting | *cəŋC / *atəŋC |
stir fry | *gaːŋA |
stop, vi | *ŋaːC |
store (water) | *uraːŋC |
suck | *iruːC |
swallow, v. | *iʔəmB |
sweep | *guC |
swim | *pəliA |
take | *ciːuC / *atiːuC |
take out | *akuc |
thread | *suk |
threaten | *ʔɨːŋA |
tie | *apət |
tie, fasten | *ŋənB |
turn, shift | *iʔaiA |
twist | *ikaɲC |
uncover | *pəlaB |
unfold | *uʔaB |
vomit | *apaːk |
wait | *(ʔ)tauC |
wallow in mud | *iʔuŋC |
wash | *ʔuːt |
wash (clothes) | *sək |
wash (hand) | *ɨpɨːp |
weave, plait | *utɨːk |
weave, plait | *(ʔ)panA |
weave (net) | *(ʔ)kuːt |
weave, spin | *awiA |
wear | *cat |
wear | *ukaːŋA |
wear, put on | *ŋwəuC |
weep | *ŋaiC |
whet | *uraA |
whip | *apiːt |
wind, v. | *apiːt |
wind around | *awiːŋA |
wink | *laŋC |
wrap | *tuːk |
yawn | *gaːuA |
yawn | *aŋaːp |
above | *anɨA |
already, finished | *baːiC |
animal, clf. | *amanA |
bedding, clf. | *ikənA |
before | *kuːnB |
chicken, clf. | *laŋA |
day | *awanA |
end | *(ʔ)kiC |
handspan | *ukɨːp |
instances, clf. | *upaːiA / *upəːiA |
left side | *awiːŋA |
line, row | *aRəːiB |
night, evening | *cap |
side | *ŋaːiC / *ŋəːiC |
side (reverse) | *pəlɨt |
that | *maB |
this | *niB |
tomorrow | *akəuB |
trousers, clf. | *ikaB |
used to | *araːiB |
which, what | *araC |
yesterday | *panC |
one | *cɨC |
two | *alauC |
three | *utuC |
four | *atəuC |
five | *amaA |
six | *(ə)numA |
seven | *ʔtuA |
eight | *aRuA |
nine | *upalC |
ten | *apuːc |
hundred | *uRaːnA |
pair | *alɨːmC |
See also
[edit]- Appendix:Jiamao vocabulary lists
- Appendix:Proto-Ong-Be reconstructions
- Appendix:Proto-Tai reconstructions
- Appendix:Jizhao Swadesh list
- Appendix:Proto-Hmong-Mien reconstructions
Footnotes
[edit]- ^ Cun has palatalized reflex for these rootsː /*tsuən3/ ‘back’ and /*tseŋ1/ ‘nose, face’. The forms may go back to *ʔiduːnC and *ʔidaŋA respectively.
- ^ Cun has palatalized reflex for these rootsː /*tsuən3/ ‘back’ and /*tseŋ1/ ‘nose, face’. The forms may go back to *ʔiduːnC and *ʔidaŋA respectively.
- ^ The rime of this root may be *ɨu or *əu. Evidence for determining the precise choice is presently lacking.
- ^ The rime of this root may be *ɨu or *əu.
- ^ The rime of this root may be *ɨu or *əu.
- ^ Cun has palatalized reflex for this rootː /*tsou1/*. The form may go back to *ʔidɨA.
References
[edit]- Norquest, Peter K. 2015. A Phonological Reconstruction of Proto-Hlai. Languages of Asia, Volume 13. Leiden: Brill. →ISBN
- Ostapirat, Weera. 2004. "Proto-Hlai Sound System and Lexicons." In Studies on Sino-Tibetan Languages: Papers in Honor of Professor Hwang-cherng Gong on His Seventieth Birthday. Edited by Ying-chin Lin, Fang-min Hsu, Chun-chih Lee, Jackson T.-S. Sun, Hsiu-fang Yang, and Dah-an Ho. Institute of Linguistics. Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan: 121-175.