慢

慢	U+6162, 慢 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6162

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

慢 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 心日田水 (PAWE), four-corner 9604₇, composition ⿰忄曼)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 399, character 12
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11110
Dae Jaweon: page 738, character 29
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2346, character 1
Unihan data for U+6162

Chinese

trad.		慢
simp. ^#		慢
2nd round simp.		𭜌
alternative forms		僈

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (曼) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
獌	mroːn, moːns, *mons
鬘	*mroːn
謾	mroːn, mroːns, mon, moːn, *moːns
慢	*mroːns
嫚	*mroːns
縵	mroːns, moːns
曼	moːn, mons
饅	*moːn
蔓	moːn, mons
鰻	moːn, mons
墁	moːn, moːns
鏝	moːn, moːns
槾	*moːn
漫	*moːns
幔	*moːns
蟃	*mons

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mroːns) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 曼 (OC *moːn, *mons) – a character trait or behavior (of the heart), sluggish. Note that 曼 also means “long, extended”, so connotations of “take a long time, leisurely, sluggish”.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): màn (man⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄢˋ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ман (man, III)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): maan⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): man⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): man⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): man

(Meixian, Guangdong): man⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): man³
Northern Min (KCR): māing
Eastern Min (BUC): mâing / mâng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): mang⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): bān / bǎn

(Teochew, Peng'im): mang⁷ / bhuang⁶ / bhuêng⁶ / muang⁶
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶me
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): man⁵ / man⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: màn
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: màn
  - Wade–Giles: man⁴
  - Yale: màn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mann
  - Palladius: мань (manʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /män⁵¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ман (man, III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mæ̃⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: maan⁶
  - Yale: maahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: maan⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: man⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /maːn²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: man⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵐban³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: man⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /man¹¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: man
  - Hakka Romanization System: man
  - Hagfa Pinyim: man⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /man⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: man⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /man⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: man³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /mæ̃⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: māing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /maiŋ⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: mâing / mâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /maiŋ²⁴²/, /mɑŋ²⁴²/

Note:

mâing - vernacular;
mâng - literary.

Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: mang⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /maŋ²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Sanxia, Yilan, Hsinchu, Magong, Kinmen, Singapore, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bān
  - Tâi-lô: bān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ban
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kinmen, Singapore): /ban²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /ban⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /ban³³/
- (Hokkien: Lukang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bǎn
  - Tâi-lô: bǎn
  - IPA (Lukang): /ban³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: mang⁷ / bhuang⁶ / bhuêng⁶ / muang⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: māng / buăng / buĕng / muăng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /maŋ¹¹/, /buaŋ³⁵/, /bueŋ³⁵/, /muaŋ³⁵/

Note:

mang7 - "slow";
bhuang6/bhuêng6/muang6 - "cold, arrogant" (in 傲慢);
bhuang6 - Shantou, Chenghai;
bhuêng6 - Chaozhou;
muang6 - Chaoyang, Jieyang, Raoping.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶me
  - MiniDict: me^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³me
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /me²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: man⁵ / man⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /man²¹/, /man⁴⁵/

Note:

man5 - vernacular;
man4 - literary.

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 慢
Mandarin	Beijing	/man⁵¹/
	Harbin	/man⁵³/
	Tianjin	/man⁵³/
	Jinan	/mã²¹/
	Qingdao	/mã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/man³¹²/
	Xi'an	/mã⁴⁴/
	Xining	/mã²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/man¹³/
	Lanzhou	/mɛ̃n¹³/
	Ürümqi	/man²¹³/
	Wuhan	/man³⁵/
	Chengdu	/man¹³/
	Guiyang	/man²¹³/
	Kunming	/mã̠²¹²/
	Nanjing	/maŋ⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/mæ̃⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/mæ̃⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/mɑŋ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/mæ̃⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/me²³/
	Suzhou	/me̞³¹/
	Hangzhou	/mẽ̞¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ma²²/
Hui	Shexian	/mɛ²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/muːə¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/man⁵⁵/ /man¹¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/man²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/man²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/man⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/mɑn⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/man²²/
	Nanning	/man²²/
	Hong Kong	/man²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/ban²²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/maiŋ²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/maiŋ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/maŋ³¹/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/maŋ²³/

Middle Chinese: maenH

Rime
Character	慢
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	刪 (69)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	謨晏切
Baxter	maenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mˠan^H/
Pan Wuyun	/mᵚan^H/
Shao Rongfen	/mɐn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/maɨn^H/
Li Rong	/man^H/
Wang Li	/man^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/man^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	màn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	maan⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤra[n]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*mroːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	慢
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	màn
Middle Chinese	‹ mæn^H ›
Old Chinese	/*mˁra[n]-s/
English	disrespectful
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	慢
Reading #	1/1
No.	8735
Phonetic component	曼
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	慢
Old Chinese	/*mroːns/

Definitions

慢

slow; sluggish
你能開慢一點嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
你能开慢一点吗？ [MSC, simp.]
Nǐ néng kāi màn yīdiǎn ma? [Pinyin]
Can you drive slower?

這錶慢了三分鐘。 [MSC, trad.]
这表慢了三分钟。 [MSC, simp.]
Zhè biǎo màn le sān fēnzhōng. [Pinyin]
This watch is three minutes slow.
rude; proud; disrespectful
怠慢 ― dàimàn ― to snub

輕慢／轻慢 ― qīngmàn ― arrogant
(of time zones) to be behind
Antonym: 快 (kuài)
(literary) slack; sluggish; remiss; idle
- 若無興德之言，則責攸之、禕、允等之慢。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  若无兴德之言，则责攸之、祎、允等之慢。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 227 CE. 諸葛亮 (Zhūgě Liàng) (Zhuge Liang), 出師表
  Ruò wú xìngdé zhī yán, zé zé Yōuzhī, Yī, Yǔn děng zhī màn. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(Teochew) late

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 慢 (“slow”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		慢, 緩慢
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	慢
	Taiwan	慢
	Malaysia	慢
	Singapore	慢
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	慢
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	慢
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	慢
Southwestern Mandarin	Wuhan	慢
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	慢
Jianghuai Mandarin	Hefei	慢
Cantonese	Guangzhou	慢, 嚤
	Hong Kong	慢, 嚤
	Yangjiang	慢
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	慢
	Singapore (Guangfu)	慢
Gan	Nanchang	慢
Hakka	Meixian	慢
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	慢
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	慢
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	慢
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	慢
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	慢
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	慢
	Kuching (Hepo)	慢
Jin	Taiyuan	慢
Northern Min	Jian'ou	慢
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	慢
Southern Min	Xiamen	慢
	Quanzhou	慢
	Zhangzhou	慢
	Taipei	慢, 惡
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	慢, 惡
	Kaohsiung	慢, 惡
	Yilan	慢, 惡
	Changhua (Lukang)	慢, 惡
	Taichung	慢, 惡
	Tainan	慢, 惡
	Hsinchu	慢, 惡
	Kinmen	慢, 惡
	Penghu (Magong)	慢, 惡
	Penang (Hokkien)	慢, 惡
	Singapore (Hokkien)	慢
	Manila (Hokkien)	慢
	Chaozhou	慢
	Shantou	慢
	Singapore (Teochew)	慢
	Wenchang	慢
	Singapore (Hainanese)	慢
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	慢
Wu	Shanghai	慢
	Suzhou	慢
	Ningbo	慢, 緩
	Wenzhou	慢
Xiang	Changsha	慢
Xiang	Shuangfeng	慢

(slow): 緩／缓 (huǎn)

Dialectal synonyms of 晚 (“late (in time)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		遲, 晚
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	晚
	Taiwan	晚, 遲
	Harbin	晚
	Singapore	晚, 遲
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	晚
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	晚
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	晚
	Xi'an	晚, 遲
	Xuzhou	晚, 遲
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	晏, 晚
	Wuhan	晏, 遲
	Guiyang	晏
	Liuzhou	晏
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	晚, 遲
Jianghuai Mandarin	Hefei	晚, 遲
Cantonese	Guangzhou	晏, 遲
	Hong Kong	晏, 遲
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	晏
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	晏, 遲
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	遲
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	遲
	Macau	遲
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	晏, 遲
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	遲
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	晏
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	晏, 遲
	Foshan	晏, 遲
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	晏
	Foshan (Shunde)	遲
	Foshan (Sanshui)	遲
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	遲
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	遲
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	遲
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	遲
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	晏, 遲
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	遲
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	遲
	Taishan	晏, 遲
	Kaiping (Chikan)	晏, 遲
	Enping (Niujiang)	晏, 遲
	Heshan (Yayao)	遲水
	Dongguan	晏, 遲
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	晏
	Yangjiang	晏, 遲
	Yangjiang (Yangdong)	晏
	Yangdong (Yashao)	晏, 遲
	Yangchun	晏, 遲
	Yangxi	晏, 遲
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	遲
	Singapore (Guangfu)	晏, 遲
Gan	Nanchang	晏
Gan	Pingxiang	晏
Hakka	Meixian	遲
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	晏
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	遲
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	遲
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	晏
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	遲, 晏
	Wengyuan	晝
	Liannan	遲
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	晏
	Jiexi	慢
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	慢
	Changting	晏
	Wuping	遲
	Wuping (Yanqian)	夜
	Ninghua	遲
	Yudu	晏
	Ningdu	遲
	Tonggu (Sandu)	晏
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	晏
	Dayu	晏
	Hong Kong	遲
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	遲
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	遲
	Xinyi (Sihe)	遲
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	遲
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	遲
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	遲
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	遲
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	遲
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	遲
	Mengshan (Xihe)	遲
	Luchuan	遲
	Senai (Huiyang)	遲
Huizhou	Jixi	晏
Jin	Taiyuan	遲, 晚
Northern Min	Jian'ou	晏
	Songxi	晏
	Zhenghe	慢
	Jianyang	晏
	Wuyishan	晏
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	遲, 晏
	Fuzhou (Changle)	遲
	Lianjiang	遲, 晏
	Fuqing	遲, 晏
	Pingtan	晏
	Yongtai	遲, 晏
	Minqing	遲
	Gutian	慢
	Pingnan	慢
	Luoyuan	晏
	Fu'an	晏
	Ningde	晏
	Xiapu	晏
	Zherong	晏
	Shouning	晏
	Zhouning	遲
	Fuding	晏
Southern Min	Xiamen	晏, 暗
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	晏
	Quanzhou	晏, 暗
	Jinjiang	晏
	Nan'an	晏
	Shishi	晏
	Hui'an	晏
	Anxi	晏
	Yongchun	晏
	Dehua	晏
	Zhangzhou	晏, 暗
	Zhangzhou (Longhai)	晏
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	晏
	Hua'an	晏
	Nanjing	晏
	Pinghe	晏
	Zhangpu	晏
	Yunxiao	晏
	Zhao'an	晏
	Dongshan	晏
	Taipei	晏 GT, 暗 GT
	Kinmen	晏
	Singapore (Hokkien)	暗, 晏
	Manila (Hokkien)	晏, 暗
	Longyan	遲
	Zhangping	晏
	Datian	晏
	Chaozhou	晏, 慢
	Shantou	晏, 慢
	Jieyang	晏, 慢
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	晏
	Singapore (Teochew)	晏
	Leizhou	晏
	Wenchang	晏
	Haikou	晏
	Singapore (Hainanese)	晏, 暗
Puxian Min	Putian	晏
Puxian Min	Xianyou	晏
Central Min	Yong'an	慢
	Sanming (Sanyuan)	慢
	Sanming (Shaxian)	晏
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	晏, 遲
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	晏
Wu	Shanghai	晏
	Suzhou	晏
	Danyang	晚
	Hangzhou	晏, 遲
	Ningbo	晏
	Wenzhou	遲
Xiang	Changsha	晏, 遲
Xiang	Loudi	晏
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “slow”): 快 (kuài)

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

慢

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

Go-on: めん (men)
Kan-on: ばん (ban)
Kan’yō-on: まん (man, Jōyō)
Kun: おそい (osoi, 慢い)、おこたる (okotaru, 慢る)、あなどる (anadoru, 慢る)、おごる (ogoru, 慢る)

Compounds

(slow):
- 慢(まん)性(せい) (mansei, “chronic”)
- 緩(かん)慢(まん) (kanman, “sluggish”)
- 遅慢
(negligent):
- 怠(たい)慢(まん) (taiman, “negligent”)
(arrogant):
- 高(こう)慢(まん) (kōman, “arrogance”)
- 傲(ごう)慢(まん) (gōman, “arrogance”)
- 自(じ)慢(まん) (jiman, “pride”)

Korean

Hanja

慢 (eumhun 게으를 만 (geeureul man))

hanja form^? of 만 (“slow, leisurely, sluggish”)

Vietnamese

Han character

慢: Hán Nôm readings: mạn, mắn

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Translingual

Han character

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Pronunciation

Definitions

Synonyms

Antonyms

Compounds

Further reading

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

Vietnamese

Han character