慢

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慢 U+6162, 慢
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6162
← 慡
[U+6161] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 慣 →
[U+6163]

Translingual

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Stroke order
14 strokes

Han character

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慢 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 心日田水 (PAWE), four-corner 96047, composition ⿰忄曼)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 399, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11110
  • Dae Jaweon: page 738, character 29
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2346, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6162

Chinese

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trad. 慢
simp. # 慢
2nd round simp. 𭜌
alternative forms 僈

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (曼) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
獌 *mroːn, *moːns, *mons
鬘 *mroːn
謾 *mroːn, *mroːns, *mon, *moːn, *moːns
慢 *mroːns
嫚 *mroːns
縵 *mroːns, *moːns
曼 *moːn, *mons
饅 *moːn
蔓 *moːn, *mons
鰻 *moːn, *mons
墁 *moːn, *moːns
鏝 *moːn, *moːns
槾 *moːn
漫 *moːns
幔 *moːns
蟃 *mons

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mroːns) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 曼 (OC *moːn, *mons) – a character trait or behavior (of the heart), sluggish. Note that 曼 also means “long, extended”, so connotations of “take a long time, leisurely, sluggish”.

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note:
  • mâing - vernacular;
  • mâng - literary.
Note:
  • mang7 - "slow";
  • bhuang6/bhuêng6/muang6 - "cold, arrogant" (in 傲慢);
  • bhuang6 - Shantou, Chenghai;
  • bhuêng6 - Chaozhou;
  • muang6 - Chaoyang, Jieyang, Raoping.
Note:
  • man5 - vernacular;
  • man4 - literary.
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 慢
    Mandarin Beijing /man⁵¹/
    Harbin /man⁵³/
    Tianjin /man⁵³/
    Jinan /mã²¹/
    Qingdao /mã⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /man³¹²/
    Xi'an /mã⁴⁴/
    Xining /mã²¹³/
    Yinchuan /man¹³/
    Lanzhou /mɛ̃n¹³/
    Ürümqi /man²¹³/
    Wuhan /man³⁵/
    Chengdu /man¹³/
    Guiyang /man²¹³/
    Kunming /mã̠²¹²/
    Nanjing /maŋ⁴⁴/
    Hefei /mæ̃⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /mæ̃⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /mɑŋ³⁵/
    Hohhot /mæ̃⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /me²³/
    Suzhou /me̞³¹/
    Hangzhou /mẽ̞¹³/
    Wenzhou /ma²²/
    Hui Shexian /mɛ²²/
    Tunxi /muːə¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /man⁵⁵/
    /man¹¹/
    Xiangtan /man²¹/
    Gan Nanchang /man²¹/
    Hakka Meixian /man⁵³/
    Taoyuan /mɑn⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /man²²/
    Nanning /man²²/
    Hong Kong /man²²/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ban²²/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /maiŋ²⁴²/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /maiŋ⁴⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /maŋ³¹/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /maŋ²³/
    Rime
    Character 慢
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 明 (4)
    Final (韻) 刪 (69)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) II
    Fanqie 謨晏切
    Baxter maenH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/mˠanH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/mᵚanH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/mɐnH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/maɨnH/
    Li
    Rong         		/manH/
    Wang
    Li         		/manH/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/manH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		màn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		maan6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 慢
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		màn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ mænH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*mˁra[n]-s/
    English disrespectful

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 慢
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 8735
    Phonetic
    component         		曼
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		3
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		慢
    Old
    Chinese         		/*mroːns/

    Definitions

    [edit]

    慢

    1. slow; sluggish
      你能開慢一點嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
      你能开慢一点吗？ [MSC, simp.]
      Nǐ néng kāi màn yīdiǎn ma? [Pinyin]
      Can you drive slower?
      這錶慢了三分鐘。 [MSC, trad.]
      这表慢了三分钟。 [MSC, simp.]
      Zhè biǎo màn le sān fēnzhōng. [Pinyin]
      This watch is three minutes slow.
    2. rude; proud; disrespectful
      怠慢  ―  dàimàn  ―  to snub
      輕慢／轻慢  ―  qīngmàn  ―  arrogant
    3. (of time zones) to be behind
      Antonym: 快 (kuài)
    4. (literary) slack; sluggish; remiss; idle
    5. (Teochew) late

    Synonyms

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    Dialectal synonyms of 慢 (“slow”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 慢, 緩慢
    Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 慢
    Taiwan 慢
    Malaysia 慢
    Singapore 慢
    Jilu Mandarin Jinan 慢
    Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 慢
    Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 慢
    Wuhan 慢
    Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 慢
    Hefei 慢
    Cantonese Guangzhou 慢, 嚤
    Hong Kong 慢, 嚤
    Yangjiang 慢
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 慢
    Singapore (Guangfu) 慢
    Gan Nanchang 慢
    Hakka Meixian 慢
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 慢
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 慢
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 慢
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 慢
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 慢
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 慢
    Kuching (Hepo) 慢
    Jin Taiyuan 慢
    Northern Min Jian'ou 慢
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 慢
    Southern Min Xiamen 慢
    Quanzhou 慢
    Zhangzhou 慢
    Taipei 慢, 惡
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 慢, 惡
    Kaohsiung 慢, 惡
    Yilan 慢, 惡
    Changhua (Lukang) 慢, 惡
    Taichung 慢, 惡
    Tainan 慢, 惡
    Hsinchu 慢, 惡
    Kinmen 慢, 惡
    Penghu (Magong) 慢, 惡
    Penang (Hokkien) 慢, 惡
    Singapore (Hokkien) 慢
    Manila (Hokkien) 慢
    Chaozhou 慢
    Shantou 慢
    Singapore (Teochew) 慢
    Wenchang 慢
    Singapore (Hainanese) 慢
    Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 慢
    Wu Shanghai 慢
    Suzhou 慢
    Ningbo 慢, 緩
    Wenzhou 慢
    Xiang Changsha 慢
    Shuangfeng 慢
    Dialectal synonyms of 晚 (“late (in time)”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 遲, 晚
    Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 晚
    Taiwan 晚, 遲
    Harbin 晚
    Singapore 晚, 遲
    Jilu Mandarin Jinan 晚
    Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 晚
    Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 晚
    Xi'an 晚, 遲
    Xuzhou 晚, 遲
    Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 晏, 晚
    Wuhan 晏, 遲
    Guiyang 晏
    Liuzhou 晏
    Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 晚, 遲
    Hefei 晚, 遲
    Cantonese Guangzhou 晏, 遲
    Hong Kong 晏, 遲
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 晏
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 晏, 遲
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 遲
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 遲
    Macau 遲
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 晏, 遲
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 遲
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 晏
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 晏, 遲
    Foshan 晏, 遲
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 晏
    Foshan (Shunde) 遲
    Foshan (Sanshui) 遲
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 遲
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 遲
    Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 遲
    Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 遲
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 晏, 遲
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 遲
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 遲
    Taishan 晏, 遲
    Kaiping (Chikan) 晏, 遲
    Enping (Niujiang) 晏, 遲
    Heshan (Yayao) 遲水
    Dongguan 晏, 遲
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 晏
    Yangjiang 晏, 遲
    Yangjiang (Yangdong) 晏
    Yangdong (Yashao) 晏, 遲
    Yangchun 晏, 遲
    Yangxi 晏, 遲
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 遲
    Singapore (Guangfu) 晏, 遲
    Gan Nanchang 晏
    Pingxiang 晏
    Hakka Meixian 遲
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 晏
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 遲
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 遲
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 晏
    Heyuan (Bendihua) 遲, 晏
    Wengyuan 晝
    Liannan 遲
    Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 晏
    Jiexi 慢
    Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 慢
    Changting 晏
    Wuping 遲
    Wuping (Yanqian) 夜
    Ninghua 遲
    Yudu 晏
    Ningdu 遲
    Tonggu (Sandu) 晏
    Ganzhou (Panlong) 晏
    Dayu 晏
    Hong Kong 遲
    Yangxi (Tangkou) 遲
    Yangchun (Sanjia) 遲
    Xinyi (Sihe) 遲
    Xinyi (Qianpai) 遲
    Gaozhou (Xindong) 遲
    Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 遲
    Huazhou (Xin'an) 遲
    Lianjiang (Shijiao) 遲
    Lianjiang (Qingping) 遲
    Mengshan (Xihe) 遲
    Luchuan 遲
    Senai (Huiyang) 遲
    Huizhou Jixi 晏
    Jin Taiyuan 遲, 晚
    Northern Min Jian'ou 晏
    Songxi 晏
    Zhenghe 慢
    Jianyang 晏
    Wuyishan 晏
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 遲, 晏
    Fuzhou (Changle) 遲
    Lianjiang 遲, 晏
    Fuqing 遲, 晏
    Pingtan 晏
    Yongtai 遲, 晏
    Minqing 遲
    Gutian 慢
    Pingnan 慢
    Luoyuan 晏
    Fu'an 晏
    Ningde 晏
    Xiapu 晏
    Zherong 晏
    Shouning 晏
    Zhouning 遲
    Fuding 晏
    Southern Min Xiamen 晏, 暗
    Xiamen (Tong'an) 晏
    Quanzhou 晏, 暗
    Jinjiang 晏
    Nan'an 晏
    Shishi 晏
    Hui'an 晏
    Anxi 晏
    Yongchun 晏
    Dehua 晏
    Zhangzhou 晏, 暗
    Zhangzhou (Longhai) 晏
    Zhangzhou (Changtai) 晏
    Hua'an 晏
    Nanjing 晏
    Pinghe 晏
    Zhangpu 晏
    Yunxiao 晏
    Zhao'an 晏
    Dongshan 晏
    Taipei 晏 GT, 暗 GT
    Kinmen 晏
    Singapore (Hokkien) 暗, 晏
    Manila (Hokkien) 晏, 暗
    Longyan 遲
    Zhangping 晏
    Datian 晏
    Chaozhou 晏, 慢
    Shantou 晏, 慢
    Jieyang 晏, 慢
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 晏
    Singapore (Teochew) 晏
    Leizhou 晏
    Wenchang 晏
    Haikou 晏
    Singapore (Hainanese) 晏, 暗
    Puxian Min Putian 晏
    Xianyou 晏
    Central Min Yong'an 慢
    Sanming (Sanyuan) 慢
    Sanming (Shaxian) 晏
    Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 晏, 遲
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 晏
    Wu Shanghai 晏
    Suzhou 晏
    Danyang 晚
    Hangzhou 晏, 遲
    Ningbo 晏
    Wenzhou 遲
    Xiang Changsha 晏, 遲
    Loudi 晏
    Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

    Antonyms

    [edit]
    • (antonym(s) of “slow”): 快 (kuài)

    Compounds

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    Further reading

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    Japanese

    [edit]

    Kanji

    [edit]
    慢

    (Jōyō kanji)

    1. (おそい) slow
    2. (おこたる) negligent
    3. (あなどる、おごる) arrogant

    Readings

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    Compounds

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    Korean

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    Hanja

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    慢 (eumhun 게으를 만 (geeureul man))

    1. hanja form? of 만 (“slow, leisurely, sluggish”)

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

    [edit]

    慢: Hán Nôm readings: mạn, mắn

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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