牆

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: 墙 and 墻
牆 U+7246, 牆
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7246
← 牅
[U+7245] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 片 →
[U+7247]

Translingual

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

牆 (Kangxi radical 90, 爿+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 女一土人田 (VMGOW), four-corner 24261, composition ⿰爿嗇)

Derived characters

[edit]
[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 692, character 29
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19806
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1105, character 20
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2378, character 22
  • Unihan data for U+7246

Chinese

[edit]
trad. 牆/墻
simp. 墙
2nd round simp. 垟
alternative forms 廧／𪪞
𤖧
𤖣
𤖠
𢉈

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character 牆
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (爿) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
臧 *ʔsaːŋ
牂 *ʔsaːŋ
戕 *kaːl, *ʔsaːŋ, *zaŋ
贓 *ʔsaːŋ
藏 *zaːŋ, *zaːŋs
奘 *zaːŋʔ, *zaːŋs
臟 *zaːŋs
將 *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋs
漿 *ʔsaŋ
鱂 *ʔsaŋ
蔣 *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋʔ
螿 *ʔsaŋ
槳 *ʔsaŋʔ
獎 *ʔsaŋʔ
醬 *ʔsaŋs
鏘 *sʰaŋ
蹡 *sʰaŋ, *ʔshaŋs
嶈 *sʰaŋ
斨 *sʰaŋ
爿 *braːn, *zaŋ
牆 *zaŋ
妝 *ʔsraŋ
莊 *ʔsraŋ
裝 *ʔsraŋ, *ʔsraŋs
壯 *ʔsraŋs
疒 *rnɯːɡ, *zraŋ
床 *zraŋ
牀 *zraŋ
狀 *zraŋs
Characters in the same phonetic series (牆) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
薔 *zaŋ, *srɯɡ
廧 *zaŋ
蘠 *zaŋ
嬙 *zaŋ, *srɯɡ
檣 *zaŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zaŋ) : phonetic 爿 (OC *braːn, *zaŋ) + semantic 嗇 (“wheat in a granary”).

Etymology

[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note:
  • cieo2/ciuⁿ2 - vernacular;
  • cyong2/cyeng2 - literary.
Note:
  • chhiûⁿ/chhiôⁿ/chhiâuⁿ - vernacular;
  • chhiông/chhiâng - literary.
Note:
  • ciên5 - Chaozhou;
  • cion5 - Shantou.
Rime
Character 牆
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 從 (15)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 在良切
Baxter dzjang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/d͡zɨɐŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/d͡ziɐŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/d͡ziɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/d͡zɨaŋ/
Li
Rong 		/d͡ziaŋ/
Wang
Li 		/d͡zĭaŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/d͡zʱi̯aŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qiáng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		coeng4
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 牆
Reading # 1/1
No. 10302
Phonetic
component 		爿
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		牆
Old
Chinese 		/*zaŋ/

Definitions

[edit]

牆

  1. wall (Classifier: 面 m; 堵 m mn; 埲 c; 幅 c)
    城牆／城墙  ―  chéngqiáng  ―  city wall
    石牆／石墙  ―  shíqiáng  ―  stone wall
    高牆／高墙  ―  gāoqiáng  ―  high wall
    翻牆／翻墙  ―  fānqiáng  ―  to scale a wall
    柏林牆／柏林墙  ―  Bǎilínqiáng  ―  Berlin Wall
    牆上有張地圖。／墙上有张地图。  ―  Qiáng shàng yǒu zhāng dìtú.  ―  There is a map on the wall.
  2. (Mainland China, Internet slang) Great Firewall
    翻牆／翻墙  ―  fānqiáng  ―  to circumvent the Great Firewall
    兩會期間牆高了，我的節點失效了。 [MSC, trad.]
    两会期间墙高了，我的节点失效了。 [MSC, simp.]
    Liǎnghuì qījiān qiáng gāo le, wǒ de jiédiǎn shīxiào le. [Pinyin]
    The Great Firewall becomes higher during the Two Sessions. My proxy is not working.
  3. (Mainland China, Internet slang, usually passive) (the Great Firewall) to censor; to block (a website)
    AO3被牆了。／AO3被墙了。  ―  AO3 bèi qiáng le.  ―  AO3 is blocked by the Great Firewall.

Synonyms

[edit]
  • (wall):
Dialectal synonyms of 牆 (“wall”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 牆, 壁, 垣墉
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 牆, 牆壁, 牆垣
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 牆
Taiwan 牆
Singapore 牆壁
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 牆
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 牆
Xi'an 牆
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 牆, 壁頭
Wuhan 牆
Guilin 牆
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 牆
Hefei 牆
Cantonese Guangzhou 牆
Hong Kong 牆
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 籬壆, 牆
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 牆
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 牆
Taishan 牆
Dongguan 籬
Yangjiang 牆
Hepu (Lianzhou) 牆
Hepu (Shatian) 牆
Beihai 牆
Beihai (Nankang) 牆
Beihai (Yingpan) 牆
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 牆壁
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 牆
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 牆
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 牆
Singapore (Guangfu) 牆
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 牆
Móng Cái 牆
Gan Nanchang 牆, 壁
Pingxiang 牆
Hakka Meixian 牆, 壁
Yudu 牆
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 壁
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 壁
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 壁
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 壁
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 壁
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 壁
Hong Kong 牆, 壁頭
Senai (Huiyang) 牆
Huizhou Jixi 牆壁
Jin Taiyuan 牆
Northern Min Jian'ou 牆
Eastern Min Fuzhou 牆, 牆壁, 壁
Southern Min Xiamen 牆, 壁, 壁堵
Quanzhou 壁堵
Zhao'an 壁
Tainan 牆, 壁, 壁堵
Penang (Hokkien) 牆, 壁
Singapore (Hokkien) 牆, 壁
Manila (Hokkien) 壁
Medan (Hokkien) 壁
Chaozhou 牆
Bangkok (Teochew) 牆
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 牆
Singapore (Teochew) 壁, 牆
Puxian Min Putian 牆, 壁
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 牆, 壁
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 牆
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 牆, 壁, 牆壁
Xianyou 牆
Xianyou (Fengting) 牆
Xianyou (Youyang) 牆
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 牆
Wu Shanghai 牆頭, 牆壁
Shanghai (Chongming) 牆
Suzhou 牆頭, 牆壁
Danyang 牆頭
Hangzhou 牆頭
Ningbo 牆壁
Wenzhou 屏牆, 牆
Xiang Changsha 牆壁, 牆, 壁
Xiangxiang 牆
Loudi 壁頭
Shuangfeng 牆頭, 壁頭

Compounds

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]
  • → Lü: ᦌᧂᧉ (sang²)
  • → Zhuang: ciengz

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
牆

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

[edit]
  • Go-on: ぞう (zō)←ざう (zau, historical)
  • Kan-on: しょう (shō)←しやう (syau, historical)
  • Kun: かき (kaki, 牆)

Compounds

[edit]

Korean

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

牆 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

牆: Hán Nôm readings: tường

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

[edit]
  • Nôm: tường

References

[edit]
  • Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
  • Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
  • Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=牆&oldid=82384971"