紛紛

See also: 纷纷

Chinese

		numerous; disorderly	numerous; disorderly
trad. (紛紛)		紛	紛
simp. (纷纷)		纷	纷

Etymology

Ideophonic: A reduplication of 紛 (OC *pʰɯn, “silk ribbon; disordered, confused → numerous”). Attested in Guanzi and Mengzi, meaning "disorderly, confused". Possibly cognate with 煩 (OC *ban, “annoyed; numerous”), 繁 (OC *baːl, *baːn, *ban, “numerous”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fēnfēn

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄣㄈㄣ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fan¹ fan¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fûn-fûn
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hun-hun

(Teochew, Peng'im): hung¹ hung¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fēnfēn
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄣㄈㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fenfen
  - Wade–Giles: fên¹-fên¹
  - Yale: fēn-fēn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fenfen
  - Palladius: фэньфэнь (fɛnʹfɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fən⁵⁵ fən⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fan¹ fan¹
  - Yale: fān fān
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fan¹ fan¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: fen¹ fen¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐn⁵⁵ fɐn⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fûn-fûn
  - Hakka Romanization System: fun^ˊ fun^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fun¹ fun¹
  - Sinological IPA: /fun²⁴⁻¹¹ fun²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hun-hun
  - Tâi-lô: hun-hun
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hunhwn
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hun⁴⁴⁻²² hun⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hun³³ hun³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hun⁴⁴⁻²² hun⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hun⁴⁴⁻³³ hun⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hun⁴⁴⁻³³ hun⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hung¹ hung¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hung hung
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huŋ³³⁻²³ huŋ³³/

Middle Chinese: phjun phjun

Rime
Character	紛
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)
Final (韻)	文 (59)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	撫文切
Baxter	phjun
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰɨun/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰiun/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰiuən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰun/
Li Rong	/pʰiuən/
Wang Li	/pʰĭuən/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pʰi̯uən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fēn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fan¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*pʰɯn pʰɯn/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	紛
Reading #	1/1
No.	3155
Phonetic component	分
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	芬
Old Chinese	/*pʰɯn/
Notes	撫由府校改

Adjective

紛紛

(ideophonic) numerous and confused; in droves; in great numbers

Synonyms

edit

紛紜 / 纷纭 (fēnyún)
紛繁 / 纷繁 (fēnfán)
紛雜 / 纷杂 (fēnzá) (literary)

Derived terms

Adverb

紛紛

(ideophonic) one after another; in succession

Synonyms

edit

一連 / 一连 (yīlián)
不斷 / 不断 (bùduàn)
先後 / 先后 (xiānhòu)
前後 / 前后 (qiánhòu)
勿斷 / 勿断 (⁸veq-doe) (Wu)
接連 / 接连 (jiēlián)
接連不斷 / 接连不断 (jiēliánbùduàn)
沓沓 (Hokkien)
直透 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
相繼 / 相继 (xiāngjì)
絡繹 / 络绎 (luòyì) (literary)
連 / 连
連紲 / 连绁 (Hokkien)
連續 / 连续 (liánxù)
連連 / 连连 (liánlián)
陸續 / 陆续 (lùxù)
陸陸續續 / 陆陆续续 (lùlùxùxù)