前後
Appearance
See also: 前后
Chinese
[edit]front, forepart; in front; past front, forepart; in front; past; former; previous; last; before; preceding; earlier; ago; future; time ahead; first; top; battlefront; to move forward |
back; behind; rear back; behind; rear; afterwards; after; later | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (前後) | 前 | 後 | |
simp. (前后) | 前 | 后 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): cin4 hau6
- Hakka
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄡˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ciánhòu
- Wade–Giles: chʻien2-hou4
- Yale: chyán-hòu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyanhow
- Palladius: цяньхоу (cjanʹxou)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ xoʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: cin4 hau6
- Yale: chìhn hauh
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsin4 hau6
- Guangdong Romanization: qin4 heo6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiːn²¹ hɐu̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhièn-heu
- Hakka Romanization System: qienˇ heu
- Hagfa Pinyim: qian2 heu4
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi̯en¹¹ heu̯⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
Note:
- chêng-āu/chûiⁿ-ǎu - vernacular;
- chiân-hō͘/chiân-hiǒ - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: zoin5 ao6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsôiⁿ ău
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sõĩ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ au³⁵/
Noun
[edit]前後
Adverb
[edit]前後
- (of a point in or period of time) around; about
- from beginning to end
- continuously; one after another; bit by bit; in turn; successively; in succession
Synonyms
[edit]- (around):
- (continuously):
- 一連 / 一连 (yīlián)
- 不斷 / 不断 (bùduàn)
- 先後 / 先后 (xiānhòu)
- 勿斷 / 勿断 (8veq-doe) (Wu)
- 接連 / 接连 (jiēlián)
- 接連不斷 / 接连不断 (jiēliánbùduàn)
- 沓沓 (Hokkien)
- 直透 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 相繼 / 相继 (xiāngjì)
- 紛紛 / 纷纷 (fēnfēn)
- 絡繹 / 络绎 (luòyì) (literary)
- 連 / 连
- 連紲 / 连绁 (Hokkien)
- 連續 / 连续 (liánxù)
- 連連 / 连连 (liánlián)
- 陸續 / 陆续 (lùxù)
- 陸陸續續 / 陆陆续续 (lùlùxùxù)
Derived terms
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
前 | 後 |
ぜん Grade: 2 |
ご Grade: 2 |
on'yomi |
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- front and behind
- right before and after
- consequences
Derived terms
[edit]- 前後関係 (zengokankei)
Suffix
[edit]Synonyms
[edit]- ぐらい (gurai)
Verb
[edit]前後する • (zengo suru) suru (stem 前後し (zengo shi), past 前後した (zengo shita))
- to invert the order
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "前後する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 前後し | ぜんごし | zengo shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 前後し | ぜんごし | zengo shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 前後する | ぜんごする | zengo suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 前後する | ぜんごする | zengo suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 前後すれ | ぜんごすれ | zengo sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 前後せよ¹ 前後しろ² |
ぜんごせよ¹ ぜんごしろ² |
zengo seyo¹ zengo shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 前後される | ぜんごされる | zengo sareru | |
Causative | 前後させる 前後さす |
ぜんごさせる ぜんごさす |
zengo saseru zengo sasu | |
Potential | 前後できる | ぜんごできる | zengo dekiru | |
Volitional | 前後しよう | ぜんごしよう | zengo shiyō | |
Negative | 前後しない | ぜんごしない | zengo shinai | |
Negative continuative | 前後せず | ぜんごせず | zengo sezu | |
Formal | 前後します | ぜんごします | zengo shimasu | |
Perfective | 前後した | ぜんごした | zengo shita | |
Conjunctive | 前後して | ぜんごして | zengo shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 前後すれば | ぜんごすれば | zengo sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
References
[edit]- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
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