妖怪
Appearance
Chinese
[edit]goblin; witch; devil goblin; witch; devil; bewitching; enchanting; monster; phantom |
queer; to blame | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (妖怪) | 妖 | 怪 | |
simp. #(妖怪) | 妖 | 怪 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): jiu2 gwaai3 / jiu1 gwaai3
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yêu-koai
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iau-koài
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄠ ㄍㄨㄞˋ → ㄧㄠ ˙ㄍㄨㄞ (toneless final syllable variant)
- Tongyong Pinyin: yaoguåi
- Wade–Giles: yao1-kuai5
- Yale: yāu-gwai
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iau.guay
- Palladius: яогуай (jaoguaj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ku̯aɪ̯⁵¹/ → /jɑʊ̯⁵⁵ g̊u̯aɪ̯²/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ёгуэ (i͡ogue, I-III)
- Sinological IPA (key): /iɔː²⁴ kuɛ⁴⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: jiu2 gwaai3 / jiu1 gwaai3
- Yale: yíu gwaai / yīu gwaai
- Cantonese Pinyin: jiu2 gwaai3 / jiu1 gwaai3
- Guangdong Romanization: yiu2 guai3 / yiu1 guai3
- Sinological IPA (key): /jiːu̯³⁵ kʷaːi̯³³/, /jiːu̯⁵⁵ kʷaːi̯³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yêu-koai
- Hakka Romanization System: ieuˊ guai
- Hagfa Pinyim: yeu1 guai4
- Sinological IPA: /i̯eu̯²⁴⁻¹¹ ku̯ai̯⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yêu-koai
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)ieuˊ guai
- Hagfa Pinyim: yeu1 guai4
- Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯eu̯²⁴⁻¹¹ ku̯ai̯⁵⁵/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Southern Min
Noun
[edit]妖怪
Synonyms
[edit]- 凶煞 (xiōngshà) (literally or figuratively)
- 凶神 (xiōngshén) (literally or figuratively)
- 妖 (yāo)
- 妖孽 (yāoniè)
- 妖物 (yāowù)
- 妖精 (yāojīng)
- 妖鬼 (yāoguǐ)
- 妖魔 (yāomó)
- 孽 (niè) (literary, or in compounds)
- 怪物 (guàiwu)
- 惡魔 / 恶魔 (èmó) (literally or figuratively)
- 煞 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
- 煞神 (shàshén) (literary, literally or figuratively)
- 精怪 (jīngguài)
- 精靈 / 精灵 (jīnglíng)
- 邪魔 (xiémó)
- 魔 (mó) (literary, or in compounds)
- 魔障 (mózhàng) (Buddhism)
- 魔鬼 (móguǐ) (literally or figuratively)
Derived terms
[edit]- 口袋妖怪 (Kǒudài Yāoguài)
Descendants
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
妖 | 怪 |
よう Grade: S |
かい Grade: S |
on'yomi | kan'on |
Alternative spelling |
---|
祅恠 |
Etymology
[edit]*/ɨeu kʷæi/ → /jeukʷai/ → /joːkai/
From Middle Chinese compound 妖怪 (MC 'jew kweajH, literally “strange, supernatural + extraordinary”).
Compare modern Mandarin 妖怪 (yāoguài).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]妖怪 • (yōkai) ←えうくわい (eukwai)?-na (adnominal 妖怪な (yōkai na), adverbial 妖怪に (yōkai ni))
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of 妖怪
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 妖怪だろ | ようかいだろ | yōkai daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 妖怪で | ようかいで | yōkai de |
Terminal (終止形) | 妖怪だ | ようかいだ | yōkai da |
Attributive (連体形) | 妖怪な | ようかいな | yōkai na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 妖怪なら | ようかいなら | yōkai nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 妖怪であれ | ようかいであれ | yōkai de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 妖怪ではない 妖怪じゃない |
ようかいではない ようかいじゃない |
yōkai de wa nai yōkai ja nai |
Informal past | 妖怪だった | ようかいだった | yōkai datta |
Informal negative past | 妖怪ではなかった 妖怪じゃなかった |
ようかいではなかった ようかいじゃなかった |
yōkai de wa nakatta yōkai ja nakatta |
Formal | 妖怪です | ようかいです | yōkai desu |
Formal negative | 妖怪ではありません 妖怪じゃありません |
ようかいではありません ようかいじゃありません |
yōkai de wa arimasen yōkai ja arimasen |
Formal past | 妖怪でした | ようかいでした | yōkai deshita |
Formal negative past | 妖怪ではありませんでした 妖怪じゃありませんでした |
ようかいではありませんでした ようかいじゃありませんでした |
yōkai de wa arimasen deshita yōkai ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 妖怪で | ようかいで | yōkai de |
Conditional | 妖怪なら(ば) | ようかいなら(ば) | yōkai nara (ba) |
Provisional | 妖怪だったら | ようかいだったら | yōkai dattara |
Volitional | 妖怪だろう | ようかいだろう | yōkai darō |
Adverbial | 妖怪に | ようかいに | yōkai ni |
Degree | 妖怪さ | ようかいさ | yōkaisa |
Noun
[edit]Usage notes
[edit]- The Japanese concept of the yōkai does not map directly to any specific English term.
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- 妖怪変化 (yōkai henge, “monstrous apparition”)
References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
妖 | 怪 |
Noun
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
妖 | 怪 |
Noun
[edit]妖怪
Categories:
- Mandarin words containing toneless variants
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Dungan lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Dungan nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 妖
- Chinese terms spelled with 怪
- zh:Chinese mythology
- zh:Mythological creatures
- Japanese terms spelled with 妖 read as よう
- Japanese terms spelled with 怪 read as かい
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms borrowed from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese adjectives
- Japanese terms historically spelled with わ
- Japanese な-na adjectives
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese dated terms
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese nouns
- ja:Mythological creatures
- Korean lemmas
- Korean nouns
- Korean nouns in Han script
- Korean hanja forms
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese nouns
- Vietnamese nouns in Han script
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán