Appendix:Jiamao vocabulary lists
Appearance
The following vocabulary lists of the Jiamao language are from Liu (2008: 79-81) and Norquest (2015: 341-349). Additional Jiamao forms from Norquest (2015) are listed in Appendix:Proto-Hlai reconstructions.
Liu (2008)
[edit]The following vocabulary list of the Jiamao language is from Liu (2008: 79-81).
Tones
[edit]The Jiamao tone categories and their corresponding phonetic values in Chao tones are (Liu 2008: 65):
Tone category | Phonetic value |
---|---|
1 | 35/55 |
2 | 31 |
3 | 33 |
4 | 11 |
5 | 53 (lax) |
7 | 55 |
8 | 11 |
9 | 53 (checked) |
List
[edit]Chinese gloss | English gloss | Jiamao | Page no. |
---|---|---|---|
天空 | sky | vɔːn¹vuəi¹ | 79 |
太阳 | sun | tou¹vɔːn¹ | 79 |
月亮 | moon | nuən¹ | 79 |
星星 | star | tsap⁸tsin⁵ | 79 |
云 | cloud | pou¹ | 79 |
雾 | fog | kɔːu⁴ | 79 |
雷 | thunder | hu¹vuəi¹ | 79 |
风 | wind | kɯ²vɯat⁷ | 79 |
雨 | rain | pɔŋ¹ | 79 |
火 | fire | paːi¹ | 79 |
火烟 | smoke (of fire) | en⁴tso¹ | 79 |
山 | mountain | tsou¹ | 79 |
山洞 | cave | sua¹tsou¹ | 79 |
河 | river | naːm¹ | 79 |
海 | sea | laːŋ¹ | 79 |
湖/塘(深) | lake, pond (deep) | tʰa² | 79 |
湖/塘(浅) | lake, pond (shallow) | jɔŋ⁵ | 79 |
水沟 | ditch | vaːi²naːm¹ | 79 |
路 | road | kɯ²tin¹ | 79 |
水田 | paddy field | tou⁴ | 79 |
旱田 | dry | tou⁴kʰa¹ | 79 |
石头 | stone | siːn¹ | 79 |
沙子 | sand | kɯ²dei¹ | 79 |
灰 | dust | huəi¹ | 79 |
土 | earth | kɯ²len⁴ | 79 |
水 | water | naːm¹ | 79 |
金 | gold | kiəm³ | 79 |
银 | silver | kuən⁴ | 79 |
铜 | copper, bronze | daːŋ⁴ | 79 |
铁 | iron | kui¹ | 79 |
盐 | salt | nɔːu⁴ | 79 |
火灰 | ashes | nɯa²paːi¹ | 79 |
村 | village | fuən¹ | 79 |
家 | family | tʰɯ⁵ | 79 |
棍子 | stick | tʰok⁸sai¹ | 79 |
绳子 | rope | tɯi¹ | 79 |
人 | person, human | tʰai¹ | 79 |
名字 | first name | pʰe¹ | 79 |
小孩 | child | tʰiək⁸ | 79 |
男人 | man, male | pʰɯ¹tsə⁴ | 79 |
女人 | woman, female | mɯ²taːu¹ | 79 |
小伙 | young man | mɯ²ȵau¹ | 79 |
姑娘 | young woman, virgin | kɯ²u¹ | 79 |
祖父 | grandfather | pəːu⁴ | 79 |
祖母 | grandmother | tsa² | 79 |
父亲 | father | po⁵ | 79 |
母亲 | mother | maːi⁵ | 79 |
丈夫 | husband | tʰa⁴ | 79 |
妻子 | wife | naːu⁵ | 79 |
姐姐 | elder sister | u¹ | 79 |
儿子 | son | tʰiək⁸ | 79 |
女儿 | daughter | tʰiək⁸u¹ | 79 |
孙子 | grandson | tʰiək⁸kɯ²pəːu⁴ | 79 |
哥哥 | elder brother | eːn¹ | 79 |
弟弟 | younger brother | nuəi⁵ | 79 |
妹妹 | younger sister | u¹nuəi⁵ | 79 |
身体 | body | huən⁴ | 79 |
头 | head | kiːu¹ | 79 |
头发 | hair | tiəm¹kiːu¹ | 79 |
额头 | forehead | kɯ²tu¹ | 79 |
眼睛 | eye | kɯ²tou¹ | 79 |
鼻子 | nose | kɯ²hɔːt⁹ | 79 |
耳朵 | ear | kɯ²kɔ¹ | 79 |
脸 | face | pʰan¹ | 79 |
嘴巴 | mouth | kɯ²mɯəŋ⁴ | 79 |
胡子 | moustache | mum² | 79 |
脖子(后) | neck (front) | kɯ²tsaŋ² | 79 |
脖子(前) | neck (back) | kɯ²au⁵ | 79 |
肩膀 | shoulder | kɯ²vet⁸ | 79 |
脊背 | back | kɯ²leu⁴ | 79 |
胸 | chest | pau¹tsai⁴ | 79 |
乳房 | breast | ȵen⁵ | 79 |
肚子 | belly | lɯi⁴ | 79 |
腰 | waist | tʰam²jou⁴ | 79 |
膝盖 | knee | tʰɔk⁹lu⁴ | 80 |
腿 | leg | hɔːk⁹ | 80 |
脚 | foot | hɔːk⁹ | 80 |
手 | hand | kɯ²ma¹ | 80 |
皮肤 | skin | na¹ | 80 |
毛 | hair | hɔːŋ⁴ | 80 |
肉 | meat | kəːm¹ | 80 |
血 | blood | tʰuət⁸ | 80 |
骨头 | bone | liək⁸ | 80 |
牙齿 | tooth | saŋ¹ | 80 |
舌头 | tongue | lɔŋ¹tʰiːn⁴ | 80 |
肺 | lung | vuəŋ⁴ | 80 |
心 | heart | tim³ | 80 |
肝 | liver | ŋuən¹ | 80 |
胆 | gallbladder | ti¹ | 80 |
肠 | intestines | tin¹lɯi⁴ | 80 |
屎 | excrement, feces | hɯai² | 80 |
尿 | urine | naːm¹tsem⁵ | 80 |
水牛 | buffalo | sei¹ | 80 |
黄牛 | cattle | nau¹ | 80 |
(牛)角 | horn | hau⁴ | 80 |
尾巴 | tail | lɯəŋ³suət⁹ | 80 |
马 | horse | pə⁵ | 80 |
羊 | sheep | tsɯːʔ⁷ | 80 |
爪子 | claw, nail | lep⁷ | 80 |
猪 | pig | pəi⁴ | 80 |
狗 | dog | pou⁴ | 80 |
鸡 | chicken | kʰai¹ | 80 |
翅膀 | wing | pʰi⁵ | 80 |
鸭子 | duck | bet⁷ | 80 |
龙 | dragon | təːŋ⁴ | 80 |
猴子 | monkey | nɔːk⁹saːŋ | 80 |
熊 | bear | mui⁴ | 80 |
兔子 | rabbit | tʰau⁴ | 80 |
老鼠 | rat, mouse | kɯ²ken⁴ | 80 |
鸟 | bird | nɔːk⁹ | 80 |
鹰 | eagle | vei² | 80 |
蛇 | snake | buət⁹ | 80 |
青蛙 | frog | kɯ²laːk⁸ | 80 |
乌鸦 | crow | ɯ⁵ | 80 |
鱼 | fish | tʰou⁴ | 80 |
燕子 | swallow (bird) | nɔːk⁹pe⁵ | 80 |
虫 | insect | zɔːt⁸ ~ jɔːt⁸ | 80 |
虱子 | scorpion | taːu¹tʰai⁴ | 80 |
苍蝇 | fly | kɯ²mɔːt⁹ | 80 |
蚊子 | mosquito | kɯ²sak⁷ | 80 |
蜘蛛 | spider | tam¹tʰai⁴ | 80 |
蚯蚓 | earthworm | tʰam¹lau¹ | 80 |
蛆 | maggot | zɔːt⁸ ~ jɔːt⁸ | 80 |
蚂蝗 | leech | tsiːŋ⁴ | 80 |
跳蚤 | flea | tau¹pou⁴ | 80 |
蚂蚁 | ant | puət⁸ | 80 |
蜜蜂 | bee | tei¹ | 80 |
蝴蝶 | butterfly | kaŋ¹kɔŋ¹ | 80 |
树 | tree | nɔːu⁵sai¹ | 80 |
茎 | stem | nɔːu⁵ | 80 |
根 | root | tat⁷ | 80 |
叶子 | leaf | pi⁴ | 80 |
花 | flower | ŋɯa¹ | 80 |
果实 | fruit | mɯat⁷ | 80 |
竹子 | bamboo | təm¹ | 80 |
红藤 | red rattan (Sargentodoxa cuneata) | kiət⁷ | 80 |
刺儿 | thorn | haŋ⁴ | 80 |
稻子 | rice | muət⁹ | 80 |
种子 | seed | san¹ | 80 |
穗子 | ear of grain | poŋ² | 80 |
菜 | vegetable | tsan¹ | 80 |
芋头 | taro | kɯa⁵ | 80 |
草 | grass | kəːn⁴ | 80 |
蛋 | egg | tsum¹ | 80 |
酒 | liquor | ŋəːu² | 80 |
布 | cloth | təp⁷ | 80 |
上衣 | clothes (upper garment) | vo⁴ | 80 |
鞋 | shoe | lem² | 80 |
刀子 | knife | dou⁵ | 80 |
中间 | middle, in between | su¹ | 80 |
左 | left | huəi⁴ | 80 |
右 | right | mɯa⁵ | 80 |
前 | front | kɯ²tin¹ | 80 |
后 | behind | au⁵ | 80 |
年 | year | ma¹ | 80 |
月 | month | nuən¹ | 80 |
日 | day | vɔːn¹ | 80 |
晚上 | night | kɯ²sɔːp⁹ | 80 |
一 | one | kɯ², tsɯ⁵ | 80 |
二 | two | tʰiau⁴ | 80 |
三 | three | taːu³ | 80 |
四 | four | tiəu¹ | 80 |
五 | five | pu⁴ | 80 |
六 | six | nəm⁴ | 80 |
七 | seven | dau¹ | 80 |
八 | eight | ku¹ | 80 |
九 | nine | fə¹ | 80 |
十 | ten | puət⁹, kɯ²pɔŋ⁴ | 80 |
我 | I | kau¹ | 80 |
我们 | we | au¹ | 80 |
你 | you (sg.) | məi¹ | 80 |
你们 | you (pl.) | sau¹ | 80 |
他 | he | nei⁵ | 80 |
他们 | they | mou⁵ | 80 |
这 | this | nɛ⁵ | 80 |
这里 | here | haŋ¹nɛ⁵ | 80 |
那 | that | kɛ⁴, mɔ⁵ | 80 |
哪 | where | laːi⁴ | 80 |
怎么 | how | leŋ⁴laːi⁴ | 80 |
爱 | love | tiaŋ⁵ | 80 |
吃 | eat | tei⁵ | 80 |
吹 | blow | aːu¹ | 80 |
喝 | drink | ɔːk⁹ | 80 |
咬 | bite | daːn¹ | 80 |
吞 | swallow | kuat⁸ | 80 |
看见 | see | mai¹suəŋ⁵ | 80 |
听见 | hear | ŋei² | 80 |
知道 | know | min⁴taːi² | 80 |
睡 | sleep | ŋɔ⁴ | 80 |
死 | die | lɔːt⁹ | 80 |
杀 | kill | tse² | 80 |
游泳 | swim | kɯ²lɔn¹ | 81 |
找 | search, find | liəu² | 81 |
飞 | fly | fin⁴ | 81 |
走 | go | pai¹ | 81 |
来 | come | mɯŋ⁴ | 81 |
躺 | lie down | ŋɔ⁴ | 81 |
坐 | sit | tsiəŋ¹ | 81 |
站 | stand | suːn¹ | 81 |
给 | give | mɯan¹ | 81 |
说 | say | hu¹ | 81 |
烧 | burn | tsei¹ | 81 |
数 | count | kʰa⁴ | 81 |
砍 | cut (tree) | tʰaːn¹ | 81 |
落 | fall, drop | dɔːk⁹ | 81 |
怕 | fear | tʰɔ⁴ | 81 |
打 | hit | təp⁸ | 81 |
挖 | dig | tau¹ | 81 |
打架 | fight | təp⁸tʰa¹ | 81 |
漂浮 | float | fu⁴ | 81 |
转 | turn | van¹ | 81 |
拉 | pull | tɔŋ¹ | 81 |
推 | push | sɯəi¹ | 81 |
擦 | wipe | suaʔ⁷ | 81 |
打猎 | hunt | tuən² | 81 |
笑 | laugh | tsou¹ | 81 |
戳 | poke | saːŋ⁵ | 81 |
拿 | take | kʰɛ⁵ | 81 |
缝 | sew | bɔk⁹, ȵɔːp⁹ | 81 |
玩 | play | liau¹ | 81 |
唱 | sing | saŋ¹ | 81 |
吐 | vomit | ɔŋ¹, pʰi¹ | 81 |
裂 | split (open) | dua⁴ | 81 |
吸 | suck | tan¹, tʰaːu⁵ | 81 |
压 | press | tet⁷ | 81 |
洗(菜) | wash (vegetables) | uət⁹ | 81 |
洗(衣) | wash (clothes) | sa⁵ | 81 |
洗(澡) | bathe | ɯp⁹ | 81 |
在 | at, in | su¹ | 81 |
捆 | toe | kʰɔːp⁹ | 81 |
追 | chase | pʰeːk⁹ | 81 |
扔 | throw | fat⁷, fit⁷ | 81 |
流 | flow | lɔːt⁷ | 81 |
多 | many | tʰei⁴ | 81 |
少 | few | lim⁵ | 81 |
大 | big | lo¹ | 81 |
小 | small | təːk⁸ | 81 |
长 | long | tou⁴ | 81 |
短 | short | tʰa¹ | 81 |
红 | red | tʰɯːu¹ | 81 |
绿 | green | laːk⁸ | 81 |
黄 | yellow | tsai⁴ | 81 |
白 | white | kʰou¹ | 81 |
黑 | black | sei¹ | 81 |
苦 | bitter | ziam⁴ ~ jam⁴ | 81 |
甜 | sweet | tɯːʔ⁷ | 81 |
辣 | hot | kəŋ⁵ | 81 |
酸 | sour | fou¹ | 81 |
热 | hot | zuŋ¹ ~ juŋ¹ | 81 |
冷 | cold | hɯai¹ | 81 |
满 | full | sia⁵ | 81 |
新 | new | ȵau¹ | 81 |
好 | good | maŋ¹ | 81 |
坏 | bad | ai¹ | 81 |
圆 | round | luːi⁵ | 81 |
干 | dry | kʰa¹ | 81 |
湿 | wet | pəːn⁴ | 81 |
脏 | dirty | siat⁷ | 81 |
聪明 | clever | keŋ¹, tseŋ¹ | 81 |
远 | far | laːi¹ | 81 |
近 | near | la¹ | 81 |
傻 | stupid | ŋaːŋ² | 81 |
穷 | poor | fɯːt⁸ | 81 |
窄 | narrow | viːn⁵ | 81 |
宽 | wide | vi⁴ | 81 |
全部 | all | kɔm¹kai¹ | 81 |
尖 | sharp | tsip⁷ | 81 |
平 | flat | piːŋ¹ | 81 |
直 | straight | kuŋ⁵ | 81 |
肥 | fat | kui¹ | 81 |
厚 | thick | nou¹ | 81 |
薄 | thin | kai¹ | 81 |
轻 | light | kʰɔ⁵ | 81 |
重 | heavy | kʰɔːn¹ | 81 |
深 | deep | tʰa² | 81 |
浅 | shallow | daŋ¹ | 81 |
老 | old | tso¹ | 81 |
不 | no, not | ŋɔ¹ | 81 |
和 | and | bɛ¹ | 81 |
因为 | because | in³vi⁴ | 81 |
如果 | if | na¹ | 81 |
Norquest (2015)
[edit]The following vocabulary list of the Jiamao language is from Norquest (2015: 341-349), which provides selected Jiamao words that diverge significantly from Hlai.
See also: Appendix:List of Proto-Hlai reconstructions
List
[edit]Gloss | Jiamao language | Proto-Hlai |
---|---|---|
1sg | kaw¹ | *ɦuː |
1pl excl | ʔaw¹ | *fʰəw |
1pl incl | tej¹ | *hrəw |
2sg | məj¹ | *C-mɯː |
2pl | tsʰaw¹ | *sʰəw |
3sg | nej⁵ | *C-naː |
3pl | mow⁵ | *ɾuːɦ |
that (distal) | mɔː⁵ | *C-maːɦ |
this (proximal) | nɛː⁵ | *C-niːɦ |
that (medial) | kɛː⁴ | *ɦəɰɦ |
one | kɯː² | *tçʰɯː |
two | ɬiaw⁴ | *hluːʔ |
three | taːw¹ | *Cuʈʂhuʔ |
four | tiəw¹ | *ʈʂhəwʔ |
five | puː⁴ | *hmaː |
six | nəm⁴ | *hnom |
seven | ɗaw¹ | *tʰuː |
eight | kuː¹ | *hruː |
nine | fəː¹ | *C-wɯːʔ |
ten | puət⁹ | *fʰuːt |
hundred | kɯːn¹ | *Cuhraːn |
ancestor | pəːw⁴ tuən⁴ | *pʰut pʰuːʔ |
woman | mɯ² taːw¹ | *hmiːʔ kʰəwɦ |
man | pʰɯ¹ tsəː⁴ | *pʰaːʔ C-maːn |
wife | naːw⁵ | *kʰəwɦ |
father’s younger sister | fiː⁴ | *fʰɯːʔ |
child | ɬiək⁸ lat⁷ | *hlɯːk C-lik |
younger sibling | nuəj⁵ | *hruːŋ |
face | pʰan¹ | *ɗəŋ |
ear | kɔː¹ | *hljəj |
shoulder | vet¹⁰ | *ʋaːɦ |
arm | tɯːn¹ | *kʰiːn |
sweat | ʔɯat⁷ | *Cuʔən |
chin | tsʰɔːŋ¹ | *ɦaːŋ |
throat | lɔːk⁸ | *kʰəːk |
breast | ɲen⁵ | *tçiːɦ |
lung | vuəŋ⁴ | *kəwɦ |
urine | tsem⁵ | *ɗuː |
horse | pəː⁵ | *hŋaːʔ |
cat | ɲaːw⁵ | *C-miːwɦ |
pangolin | tsaː⁴ | *C-mɯnʔ |
squirrel | ləːn⁵ | *C-ɲaːt |
crab | tsʰaːk⁹ | *ɓuːɦ |
bird | nɔːk⁹ | *sʰəc |
pig | pəj⁴ | *hməw |
monkey | nɔːk⁹ tsʰaːŋ¹ | *C-nok |
porcupine | luː⁴ low² | *tçʰinʔ |
bat | tʰiək⁷ | *Cuhrɯːk |
shrimp | ʔɔː⁵ | *Cuɾaːŋ |
snake | ɓuət⁷ | *hljaːɦ |
gadfly | nɯa⁵ | *hljaːk |
mosquito | tsʰak⁷ | *C-ɲuːŋ |
beetle | paːp⁸ | *ɾaːp |
bee | tej¹ | *kəːj |
moth | tsiːw⁴ | *tʰəmʔ |
bedbug | ɗɔːp⁹ | *kɯp |
bamboo | ɓaː¹ | *C-laːw |
white sesame hemp | ven⁴ | *kʰaːn |
muskmelon | haŋ¹ | *ʔəj |
mushroom | tsʰaŋ¹ | *ɗit |
cotton | ɓɔk⁷ hɔːw⁴ | *ɦaːwʔ |
pit (fruit) | hɯət⁷ | *ʔuːk |
sesame | tiaw⁴ | *hŋɯː |
white rattan (small) | lej¹ | *kəc |
mat grass | ləːp⁷ | *hrjiːwʔ |
coconut | pɔː⁵ tsʰuək⁷ | *Ciʔunɦ |
flower | ŋɯa¹ | *ʈʂhaːŋ |
fruit | mɯat⁷ | *ʈʂhəːm |
chaff | vuː⁴ vit⁸ | *hliːp |
sky | vuəj¹ | *fʰaːʔ |
hail | tsʰaː⁵ | *sʰinɦ |
wasteland | faː² | *hmuːŋ |
mountain | tsow¹ | *Cuɦəwʔ |
ash | faː¹ | *sʰuːʔ |
star | tsap⁷tsin⁵ | *ɾaːw |
frost | nɔːw⁴ vuəj¹ | *hljin |
forest | ŋuən⁵ | *hrəŋ |
typhoon | pʰaːŋ¹ | *hwənɦ |
sand | ɗej¹ | *pʰuːɦ |
house | ɬɯː² | *hrɯːn |
animal pen | ŋat⁷ | *sʰuːnɦ |
bench | ŋuən¹ | *tʰimɦ |
cradle | ʔəːj¹ | *ʔuː |
bamboo hat | kuən³ lɔːj⁵ | *hlaːŋʔ |
shoes | ləm⁵ | *kəːmʔ |
net (small) | piw¹ | *hrəːjʔ |
fan | pʰaŋ⁵ | *hwoŋʔ |
jar | lej⁵ | *kəj |
dagger | ɬiək⁸ kʰua¹ | *hljiwʔ |
child’s house | ɗɔː¹ | *kujʔ |
trough | tɔːŋ¹ | *[ʈʂ]huː |
mat | tsiək⁸ | *tʰɯːk |
road | tin¹ | *kuːn |
earring | tsʰiaw¹ | *hwiːŋɦ |
arrow | peː¹ | *sʰiːp |
fish basket | ɓaːw¹ | *C-liːk |
vine basket | ɓiːn¹ lɔː¹ | *tçʰəwɦ |
bowl/basin | laːk⁹ | *Cuʔaːw |
a handle (knife) | ɓuən¹ | *fʰiːnʔ |
black | tsʰej¹ | *ɗəmʔ |
yellow | tsaj⁴ | *hljaːŋ |
salty | taŋ² | *Cuɦaːnʔ |
good | maŋ¹ | *hlin |
old (thing) | ʔjɔːt⁹ | *kaːwʔ |
early | puət⁸ | *kaːwʔ |
fast | tsʰiaŋ⁵ | *hjinʔ |
wide | viː⁴ | *ɓaːŋ |
hard | ləːw⁴ | *tçʰəːnʔ |
dense | niːt⁹ | *tʰiːt |
live, fresh | ɬuət⁸ | *Cuɾiːp |
horizontal | ləŋ⁴ | *ɾinɦ |
blind | kʰiw¹ | *m-laːw |
beautiful | nɔk⁷ | *hlin C-mɯːn |
hot | ʔjuŋ¹ | *Cuʈʂhəwʔ |
afraid | ɬɔː⁴ | *ɗaːʔ |
dry | kʰaː¹ | *ɾaːnɦ |
round | laːw¹ | *Cuhrom |
empty | kʰaŋ¹ | *Cuɾajɦ |
fine | ɲəːp⁸ | *ʔuːt |
grey | pʰuː¹ | *hmaːwɦ |
indigo | taː¹ | *tçʰiːŋ |
spicy | kəŋ⁵ | *hrit |
bad | ʔaj¹ | *ɾjaːk |
new | ɬaw⁴ | *hmaːn |
late | liaw¹ | *fʰəŋ |
slow | tsəŋ² | *sʰiːʔ |
narrow | viːn⁵ | *ɓiːp |
soft | puək⁷ | *hmuːt |
sparse | fuən¹ | *hŋwaːnʔ |
rotten | ɲɯːt⁸ | *ʔɯːnʔ |
vertical | tiam¹ | *ɦən |
lazy | lɯam² | *C-laːnʔ |
young | mɯ² niaw¹ | *hlɯːk C-mɯːn |
cool (water) | ɓeːk⁷ | *hrən |
thin | ŋaːw¹ | *C-liːʔ |
sterile (egg) | tsum¹ luəŋ² | *Cuhraːwʔ |
few | təːk⁸ | *ɾjəwɦ |
straight | kɯŋ⁵ | *C-muːc |
do | leŋ¹ | *ʋuːk |
listen | ŋej² | *m-lɯː |
eat | tej⁵ | *C-luːɦ |
vomit | ʔɔŋ¹ | *fʰaːk |
bite | ɗaːn¹ | *hŋaːɲʔ |
hit | təp⁸ | *tʰaːjɦ |
cut rice | pʰɯːw¹ | *tʰun |
light fire | tuː⁵ | *ʔɯmɦ |
flow | lɔːt⁸ | *C-maːw |
take | miː² | *hmət |
kill | tseː² | *ɦuːʔ |
play | liaw¹ | *hrjɯːk |
get | mɯən¹ | *C-m[e]ːk |
answer | hɔːn⁴ | *tʰin |
fall | ʔaː⁵ | *hlaːɦ |
weave (net) | tsʰaː¹ | *kʰuːt |
understand | min⁴ taj² | *kʰuːŋ |
look | maj¹ | *kiw |
swallow | kuat¹⁰ | *Ciʔəːmɦ |
lick | ɬeːp⁸ | *hljiːmɦ |
hold in mouth | tɔm⁵ | *fʰəːm |
cast (seed) | ʔia¹ | *fʰəːnɦ |
winnow | vat⁷ | *fʰənɦ |
boil | puət⁸ | *ɗaːn |
swim | lɔn¹ | *m-liː |
pick up | kʰɛː⁵ ləːw⁴ | *tçʰiːwʔ |
call | kow⁴ | *tçaːn |
arrive | vow¹ | *ɗaːnʔ |
give | mɯan¹ | *ɗɯː |
die | lɔːt⁹ | *hlaːwɦ; *hljuːj |
braid (large) | taː¹ | *m-liː |
weave (fabric) | tsʰup⁷ | *hwiː |
top | law¹law¹ | *pʰiːʔ hnɯː |
front | pʰaːj⁵ tʰiəŋ⁴ | *pʰiːʔ ɗəŋ |
side | pʰaːj⁵ | *fʰaːŋ |
left | haj² huəj⁴ | *pʰiːʔ hwiːŋ |
everywhere | vow¹ laːj⁴ | *hŋom hŋaːjʔ |
inside | tsʰuː¹ keː⁴ | *pʰiːʔ ʔuːk |
outside | lɔːw⁴ | *hljɯːn |
opposite side | ʔeːk⁹ | *hlɯnɦ |
right | pʰaːj⁵ pet¹⁰ | *pʰiːʔ hninɦ |
2 years ago | mɯ² lut¹⁰ | *hmuːɦ ɾɯː |
2 days ago | vɔːn¹ tsuːn⁴ | *hwən ɾɯː |
from before | tsʰi¹ vɔːn¹ mɔː⁵ | *tçʰi kʰuːnɦ |
last year | mɯ² ləːj⁴ | *hmuːɦ pʰənʔ |
next year | maː¹ tʰiəŋ⁴ | *hmuːɦ ɗəŋ |
3 days later | kɯ² kut¹⁰ | *hwən Cuɦaːt |
2 days later | kɯ² kaː² | *hwən Cuɦɯː |
morning | ziaw⁴ hɔm⁴ | *kaːwʔ ɗom |
noon | kɯ² ɗuən⁵ | *ʈʂhaː hŋwən |
trip clf. | lem¹ | *kuːn |
pile clf. | ɓaːk⁹ | *C-leːp |
land measure | hɯan¹ | *tçʰaːn |
person clf. | ŋuən¹ | *tçuːn |
bundle clf. | puək⁹ | *ɓiːk |
layer | fɯːn⁴ | *hlɯt |
piece (of) | ɗat⁷ | *tʰun |
tree clf. | nɔːw⁵ | *kʰɯːŋɦ |
needle clf. | tsʰin⁵ | *tçʰuːŋ |
pile clf. | tsuːn⁵ | *pʰəwʔ |
speech clf. | tuəŋ⁵ | *fʰaːk |
long thing clf. | tɯj¹ | *Ciɦaːɦ |
pair (of) | ʔum¹ | *hlɯːmC |
See also
[edit]- Appendix:Proto-Hlai reconstructions
- Appendix:Proto-Tai reconstructions
- Appendix:Jizhao Swadesh list
- Appendix:Proto-Hmong-Mien reconstructions
References
[edit]- Liu Yuanchao 刘援朝. 2008. "Liyu Jiamaohua gaikuang 黎语加茂话概况." In Minzu Yuwen 民族语文, 2008(1).
- Norquest, Peter K. 2015. A Phonological Reconstruction of Proto-Hlai. Languages of Asia, Volume 13. Leiden: Brill. →ISBN