Appendix:Akha comparative vocabulary list

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The following is a comparative vocabulary list of Akha language varieties of northern Laos from Hayashi (2016, 2018).

Locations

[edit]
  • Chicho: Ban Pasang village, Muang Sing district, Luang Namtha Province, Laos
  • Buli (Puli): Phabaad Noy Village, Muang Sing district, Luang Namtha Province, Laos

List

[edit]
no. gloss Akha Chicho Akha Buli
1 body hair kʰɯ⁵⁵tɕa²¹tɕa²¹xm³³ tɕa²¹xm³³
2 skin ba³³xo³³, ɕa²¹xo³³ ba̰³³xo̰²¹
3 bone ɕa²¹jø²¹ ɕa²¹jø²¹
4 blood ɕi²¹ ɕi²¹
5 tears mja̰²¹bḭ³³ mja̰²¹bi³³
6 sweat kʰu³³pʰju⁵⁵ kʰu²¹pʰju⁵⁵
7 pus ɕa²¹tɕʰi²¹ ma̰³³lo̰³³
8 saliva du²¹xa²¹ do²¹xa²¹
9 phlegm u²¹tsʰu³³tsʰu²¹pɛ̰³³ do²¹xa²¹ʨa̰³³pɛ̰³³
10 head u²¹du²¹ u²¹du²¹
11 forehead na⁵⁵xɔ⁵⁵ na⁵⁵xɔ⁵⁵
12 hair u²¹du²¹tsʰɛ⁵⁵kʰɤŋ⁵⁵ u²¹du²¹tsʰɛ⁵⁵kʰɤŋ⁵⁵
13 comb u²¹du²¹ka̰³³ u²¹ka̰³³
14 face ȵa̰³³pʰjɔ²¹ mja̰³³pʰjo²¹
15 eyebrow mja̰³³nɤ̰³³mja̰³³xɤŋ⁵⁵ mja̰³³xɤŋ³³mja̰³³ɕɛ̰³³
16 eyes mja̰³³nɤ̰³³ mja̰³³nɤ̰ŋ³³
17 ears na̰³³pa̰³³ na̰²¹pa̰²¹
18 nose na̰³³bɤŋ²¹ na̰³³bɤŋ²¹
19 mouth xa²¹mɛ̰³³ xa²¹mɛ̰³³
20 tongue mɛ²¹la⁵⁵ mɛ²¹la⁵⁵
21 teeth sɤ²¹ sɤ²¹
22 beard/mustache mɛ²¹mɤŋ²¹ (xa²¹mɛ̰³³) mɛ²¹mɤŋ²¹
23 neck kʰɤŋ²¹lɤŋ⁵⁵ kʰɤŋ²¹lɤŋ⁵⁵
24 throat kʰɤŋ²¹bjɤŋ²¹ kʰɤŋ²¹bjɤŋ²¹
25 shoulder ba²¹pʰu³³ ba̰²¹pʰu³³
26 hand a̰³³la̰³³ a̰²¹la̰²¹
27 right-hand la̰²¹ma⁵⁵ a⁵⁵ma⁵⁵
28 left-hand la̰²¹tɕʰa⁵⁵ a⁵⁵ʨʰa⁵⁵
29 arm la̰²¹dṵ³³ la̰²¹du³³
30 elbow la̰²¹tsɯ̰²¹ la̰²¹tsɯ̰²¹
31 palm la̰²¹xɔ̰³³ la̰²¹ɣa̰²¹a²¹o³³pʰo³³
32 finger la̰²¹nø³³ la̰²¹nø⁵⁵
33 fingernail la̰²¹sɤŋ²¹ la̰²¹sɤŋ²¹
34 breast nuŋ³³xɤŋ²¹ nɤ³³xɤŋ²¹
35 nipple a²¹tɕʰø⁵⁵ a̰²¹ʨʰy⁵⁵(ʨʰy⁵⁵)si²¹
36 waist dɔ⁵⁵tsɯ̰²¹ dʑo̰²¹
37 belly u²¹ma̰³³ m²¹ma̰³³
38 navel bø³³lø³³tɕa³³tʰɤŋ²¹ bø̰³³lø̰³³
39 buttocks dɔ²¹xm²¹ dɔ²¹xm²¹
40 feces dɔ²¹kʰe²¹ ʨʰe²¹
41 to defecate dɔ²¹kʰe²¹ dɔ²¹kʰe²¹ kʰe²¹
42 urine y⁵⁵ɕy³³ a̰³³ɕy²¹ɕy²¹
43 to urinate y⁵⁵ɕy³³ɕy³³ a̰³³ɕy²¹ɕy²¹
44 to expel intestinal gas u²¹xa²¹pʰɛ²¹ u²¹xa²¹ pʰɛ²¹
45 to have a fever tsɛ²¹tʰɤŋ⁵⁵tʰɤŋ⁵⁵pʰja²¹pʰja²¹ tsɛ̰²¹tʰɤŋ³³tʰɤŋ³³
46 to give birth ja²¹pʰu²¹ za²¹bo̰³³
47 leg a²¹kʰɯ⁵⁵ a̰²¹kʰɯ⁵⁵
48 foot a²¹kʰɯ⁵⁵pʰja²¹ɣa²¹ a̰²¹kʰɯ⁵⁵pʰɛ²¹ɣa²¹
49 thigh ɕa²¹pʰja²¹ ɕa²¹pʰja²¹
50 knee pʰɔ²¹tsɯ̰²¹ a̰²¹kʰɯ⁵⁵pʰɔ²¹tsɯ̰²¹
51 tendon ɕa²¹gu²¹ ɕa²¹gṵ²¹
52 back ɣɔ⁵⁵mɔ⁵⁵ ɣɔ³³mɔ³³
53 to see, to look mɔ⁵⁵la⁵⁵, xɔ³³ xɔ³³, xɔ³³mɔ⁵⁵
54 to seek dʑa⁵⁵tɕʰɔ³³ dʑa⁵⁵ʨʰɔ³³
55 to hear, to listen ga²¹la⁵⁵mi⁵⁵ȵa²¹la²¹, na⁵⁵xa²¹ ga²¹ma³³, na⁵⁵xa²¹
56 to smell bɛ̰²¹la̰³³ bɛ̰²¹la̰²¹
57 to eat dza²¹ dza²¹
58 to drink dɔ⁵⁵ dɔ⁵⁵
59 to bite kɔ̰²¹ kɔ̰²¹
60 to hold with the hand ȵi²¹tʰɛ²¹ ȵi²¹tʰɛ²¹, tsu²¹tʰɛ²¹
61 to put, to place in/on o³³tʰa²¹ ɔ³³tʰa²¹
62 to push tʰɤŋ²¹, dɛ²¹dzɛ̰³³ tʰɤŋ²¹i⁵⁵, dɛ²¹i⁵⁵
63 to pull ɣɤ³³ ɣɤ³¹a̰²¹, ɣɤ³³le²¹, ɣɤ³³i³³le²¹
64 to throw dzɛ³³di⁵⁵ dzɛ³³di⁵⁵
65 to pick up o̰³³ o³³ma³³dɛ²¹, ju³³ma³³dɛ²¹
66 to ladle tɔ̰³³ kɔ̰²¹
67 to walk tɕʰɤŋ³³ ʨʰɤŋ³³
68 to stop tʰɤŋ⁵⁵dʑɔ⁵⁵ na²¹, ʥɔ⁵⁵
69 to run tɕi⁵⁵tɕʰø²¹tɕʰø²¹ la̰²¹dzɛ³³dzɛ³³
70 to sit dɔ²¹nɤ⁵⁵nɤ⁵⁵ dɔ²¹nɤŋ⁵⁵nɤŋ⁵⁵
71 to stand up ɣɔ²¹jɔ²¹jɔ²¹ jɔ̰²¹tʰu⁵⁵
72 to cough u²¹tsʰø²¹tsʰø²¹ u²¹tsʰø²¹tsʰø²¹
73 one tḭ³³ tḭ²¹
74 two ȵḭ²¹ ȵḭ²¹
75 three suŋ⁵⁵ sm⁵⁵
76 four o̰²¹ ø̰²¹
77 five ŋa²¹ ŋa²¹
78 six kɔ̰²¹ ko̰²¹
79 seven ɕḭ³³ ɕḭ²¹
80 eight jɛ̰³³ jɛ̰²¹
81 nine ɣø²¹ ɣø²¹
82 ten tsʰe⁵⁵ tsʰɛ⁵⁵
83 eleven tsʰe⁵⁵tḭ³³ tsʰɛ⁵⁵tḭ²¹
84 twelve tsʰe⁵⁵ȵḭ³³ tsʰɛ⁵⁵ȵḭ²¹
85 twenty ȵḭ³³tsʰe⁵⁵ ȵḭ²¹tsʰɛ⁵⁵
86 ninety nine ɣø²¹tsʰe⁵⁵ɣø²¹ ɣø²¹tsʰɛ⁵⁵ɣø²¹
87 one hundred tʰi³³ja⁵⁵ tʰi²¹ja⁵⁵
88 one hundred and one tʰi³³ja⁵⁵tḭ³³ tʰi²¹ja⁵⁵a²¹ta̰³³tḭ²¹
89 one hundred and ten tḭ²¹ja⁵⁵tsʰe⁵⁵ tʰi²¹ja⁵⁵a²¹ta̰³³tsʰɛ⁵⁵
90 one thousand tʰi³³ba²¹ tʰi²¹ba²¹
91 ten thousand tsʰe⁵⁵ba²¹ tsʰɛ⁵⁵ba²¹
92 one hundred thousand tʰi³³sɛ⁵⁵ tsʰɛ⁵⁵mɯn⁵⁵
93 one million tʰi³³la²¹ tsʰɛ⁵⁵sɛ³³
94 many ɣɔ³³mja⁵⁵ȵi⁵⁵ jɔ³³mja²¹
95 few jɔ³³ȵi⁵⁵ jɔ³³ʨḭ³³, jɔ³³tɛ̰²¹
96 all dɔ³³tɔ⁵⁵ȵi⁵⁵ ma⁵⁵to⁵⁵(ma²¹)lo̰²¹, ʥi⁵⁵ʨʰo²¹lo²¹
97 only ~tɛ̰³³ tʰi²¹ɣa²¹(tɛ̰²¹) (one person)
98 sky uŋ²¹ɣuŋ²¹ m²¹
99 cloud u²¹duŋ³³ m²¹dm⁵⁵
100 fog tɕʰɤ²¹ ʨʰɤ²¹
101 sun nuŋ⁵⁵ma³³ nɤ³³ma³³
102 moon ba̰³³la̰³³ ba³³la³³
103 star a²¹gɯ⁵⁵ a²¹gɯ⁵⁵
104 wind dʑa²¹lɛ⁵⁵ ʥa²¹lɛ⁵⁵
105 to blow bɔ̰³³ bɔ³³
106 rain u²¹jɛ⁵⁵ m²¹jɛ⁵⁵
107 it rains u²¹jɛ⁵⁵jɛ⁵⁵ m²¹jɛ⁵⁵ jɛ⁵⁵
108 light jɔ³³bja̰³³ na⁵⁵gɯ⁵⁵gɯ⁵⁵la⁵⁵ȵa²¹ei³³
109 shadow a³³ba³³ a⁵⁵ba⁵⁵(ba⁵⁵jɛ⁵⁵)
110 bright bja⁵⁵tɕɛ⁵⁵ne⁵⁵, lɔ²¹kʰa⁵⁵ne⁵⁵ jɤ³³bja³³
111 dark jɔ³³ɣɤŋ⁵⁵ jɤ³³ɣɤŋ⁵⁵
112 thunder u²¹dʑɛ²¹dʑɛ²¹ m²¹ʥe²¹ʥe²¹
113 it thunders tsʰo²¹dɛ̰³³ m²¹ʥɛ²¹tʰɤŋ²¹tɛ̰³³tɛ̰³³
114 soil, earth mi⁵⁵tsʰa²¹ mi⁵⁵tsʰa²¹
115 stone xa²¹lo̰³³ xa²¹lo³³
116 sand kʰa⁵⁵ɕɯ³³ kʰa⁵⁵ɕɤ²¹
117 iron ɕom⁵⁵~ɕoŋ⁵⁵ ɕoŋ⁵⁵
118 rust ɕoŋ⁵⁵kʰɔ³³ ɕoŋ⁵⁵kʰɔ³³
119 gold ɕɯ⁵⁵ ɕɯ⁵⁵
120 silver pʰju⁵⁵ pʰju³³
121 copper ɣɯ²¹ ɣɯ²¹
122 hill, mountain gɔ²¹dʑɔ²¹ gɔ²¹ʥɔ²¹
123 valley ga̰²¹ɤŋ⁵⁵ɤ³³ xa²¹lo³³lo³³gu⁵⁵
124 water u⁵⁵tɕṵ³³ ɤ³³ʨṵ²¹
125 lake lɔŋ³³ma̰³³ lɔŋ³³ma̰³³
126 river lɔ⁵⁵ba²¹ lɔ̰³³ɣɔ̰³³
127 fire mi²¹dza²¹ mi²¹dza²¹
128 smoke u²¹xø²¹ (mi²¹dza²¹) u²¹xø²¹
129 house ȵuŋ³³~juŋ³³ juŋ³³
130 roof xɔ²¹bø²¹ (juŋ³³) kʰɔ²¹bø²¹
131 grave tsʰɔ³³ɕi³³mɔ³³du²¹ lm²¹bjuŋ⁵⁵
132 to open pʰɤŋ³³ pʰɤŋ³³
133 to close ka̰²¹pʰi²¹ pʰi²¹tʰɛ²¹
134 pillar dɤŋ³³lɤŋ³³ xɔ³³zɤ³³
135 door lɛ⁵⁵ɔ̰³³ la⁵⁵ɔ̰³³
136 window lɛ⁵⁵ɔ̰³³ja²¹ la⁵⁵ɔ³³ɔ³³za²¹
137 floor tsʰɔ²¹du²¹ juŋ³³dzoŋ³³ɣa³³
138 key mɔ²¹tɔ̰²¹tɔ̰²¹du⁵⁵ mo²¹tɔ²¹tɔ²¹du⁵⁵
139 mat gɔ²¹pʰu³³ ɣa̰³³la̰³³
140 covering a⁵⁵bɯ̰³³ a⁵⁵bɯ̰³³
141 pillow uŋ³³ɣuŋ³³pʰa⁵⁵ɕi²¹ u²¹gm²¹pʰa⁵⁵si²¹
142 mosquito net bɤ³³kʰa³³ bɤ³³kʰa³³
143 table bo²¹da²¹ dʑɔ̰²¹xa̰³³xɔ²¹dʑɛ³³, a⁵⁵bɔ⁵⁵xɔ²¹ʥɛ³³
144 chair nɤŋ⁵⁵da²¹ nɤŋ⁵⁵ʥɛ̰³³, nɤŋ⁵⁵gɔ²¹, nɤŋ⁵⁵bo²¹
145 to sweep ja̰³³pʰjɔ⁵⁵ja̰³³ ja²¹pʰjo⁵⁵ ja²¹[1]
146 to splash water u⁵⁵tɕṵ²¹ɕɛ³³dzɛ³³ ɤ³³ʨṵ²¹ xɔ̰²¹dzɛ̰³³
147 knife mi³³tɕʰɛ⁵⁵ mi²¹ʨʰɛ³³ʥi³³ba²¹, mi²¹ʨʰɛ³³tʰɔ²¹ʨʰø²¹
148 sword mi⁵⁵tɕʰɛ⁵⁵tʰɤŋ³³ma³³ mi²¹ʨʰɛ³³tʰɔ³³ma³³
149 sickle jɛ̰³³xo̰³³ jɛ̰³³xo̰²¹
150 to cut dɤ³³xe³³, jɛ̰²¹ lɯ̰³³tsɛ̰³³, jɛ̰²¹pa̰³³, jɛ̰²¹tsɛ̰³³
151 nail ɕoŋ⁵⁵tɕʰɛ³³ ɕoŋ⁵⁵ʨʰɛ³³
152 ladder dɔ²¹dzuŋ³³ dzo²¹dzm³³
153 basket xa³³dza̰³³ xa²¹kʰa³³, kʰa²¹tʰu⁵⁵, etc.
154 rope a⁵⁵tɕa̰³³ a³³ʨa̰²¹
155 stick gɔ²¹jø²¹ gɔ̰²¹jø²¹
156 tail dɔ²¹mi²¹ dɔ²¹mi²¹
157 horn u²¹tɕʰø⁵⁵ u²¹ʨʰy⁵⁵
158 wing a²¹dɤŋ⁵⁵ a²¹dɤŋ⁵⁵
159 tiger xa²¹la²¹ xa²¹la²¹
160 elephant ja̰³³ma̰³³ ja̰³³ma̰³³
161 mouse xu³³tɕa̰²¹ xo̰²¹ʨa̰²¹
162 bird a³³dʑi³³ a̰³³ʥḭ³³
163 to fly ɣɔ̰³³ ɣɔ³³
164 egg xa³³ṵ³³ ɣa̰³³ṵ³³
165 to lay egg ṵ³³kʰa³³ ɣa̰³³u³³ kʰa³³
166 sparrow xa²¹dʑa⁵⁵ xa²¹ʥa⁵⁵
167 crow ɔ̰²¹a̰²¹ ɔ̰²¹a̰²¹
168 hawk xa²¹dzɛ⁵⁵ xa²¹dzɛ⁵⁵
169 peacock ɕoŋ⁵⁵dø²¹ ɕm⁵⁵dø²¹
170 buffalo a²¹ȵo²¹ a̰²¹ȵo²¹
171 cat a³³mi⁵⁵ a⁵⁵mi⁵⁵
172 beef mo⁵⁵nɛ⁵⁵ɕa²¹dʑi⁵⁵ mo³³ne³³ɕa²¹ʥi³³
173 pig a̰³³ɣa̰³³ a̰²¹ɣa̰²¹
174 pork a̰³³ɣa̰³³ɕa²¹dʑi⁵⁵ a̰²¹ɣa̰²¹ɕa²¹ʥi³³
175 monkey a⁵⁵mjo̰²¹ a̰³³mjo̰²¹
176 horse mɔŋ²¹ mɤŋ²¹
177 rabbit xo³³ xo³³
178 bear xa²¹xm⁵⁵ xa²¹xm⁵⁵
179 dog a²¹kʰɯ²¹ a̰²¹kʰɯ²¹
180 to bark a²¹kʰɯ³³tsɛ̰³³ a̰²¹kʰɯ²¹tsɛ̰²¹
181 goat tɕḭ³³mɛ̰³³ ʨḭ²¹mɛ²¹
182 cattle mo⁵⁵nɛ⁵⁵ mo³³ne³³
183 chicken a²¹xa̰³³ɕa²¹dʑi⁵⁵ ɣa̰³³ʨḭ³³ɕa²¹ʥi³³
184 duck ɔ̰²¹a̰³³ ɔ̰³³a̰³³[2]
185 bee ɣa̰²¹bja²¹ ɣa²¹bja²¹bja²¹ma̰³³
186 fly bø²¹sa̰³³a̰²¹ma̰³³ bɯ²¹sa³³a̰²¹ma̰³³
187 mosquito tɕʰa⁵⁵gɔ³³a⁵⁵mɔ⁵⁵ a̰²¹ʨʰa⁵⁵ʨʰa⁵⁵gɔ²¹
188 spider a⁵⁵pʰja³³lu³³wa³³ a̰³³pʰja³³la̰²¹ka̰³³
189 maggot lu³³tʰɤŋ²¹ lṵ³³tʰɤŋ²¹
190 ant a⁵⁵xo̰³³ a̰³³xo³³
191 butterfly a̰⁵⁵lṵ³³ a̰³³lu³³
192 cicada a⁵⁵ɕɤ⁵⁵ɕɤ⁵⁵nɔ³³ a̰²¹ʥɛ²¹
193 earthworm bu²¹dʑø³³ bu²¹ʥy³³
194 centipede la²¹ma³³tɕʰi⁵⁵ɕɛ⁵⁵ a̰²¹ma̰²¹ʨʰi⁵⁵ɕɛ⁵⁵
195 snake a³³lɔ³³ a̰³³lɔ³³(ma³³)
196 gecko xa²¹lɔ³³lɔ³³dʑi⁵⁵, xa²¹lɔ³³bi³³dʑɛ³³ a²¹jɛ³³ma⁵⁵bjɛ³³, mɔ⁵⁵bjɛ³³a̰²¹ma̰³³
197 fish ŋa²¹ɕa²¹ ŋa²¹ɕa²¹
198 shrimp ȵi³³bɤŋ³³tɕʰu⁵⁵xo³³ ȵi³³bɤŋ³³ʨʰi⁵⁵xo̰²¹
199 crab a⁵⁵kʰa³³ a̰³³kʰa²¹
200 frog xa²¹pʰa²¹, xa²¹pʰa³³pʰa²¹tɕa̰²¹ xa²¹pʰa²¹, xa²¹pʰa³³ʨa̰²¹
201 eel dɛ³³sø̰³³ dɛ³³sø̰³³
202 turtle bø²¹ku⁵⁵, bø²¹bja³³ bø²¹kṵ³³
203 to fish with a rod ŋa²¹dʑɤ̰³³dʑɤ̰³³ ŋa²¹dʑɤ̰²¹dʑɤ²¹
204 to hunt ɕa²¹tʰɛ³³, a²¹dʑi³³bɤ̰³³ ɕa²¹ʥo̰²¹tʰɛ³³
205 to shoot mi²¹bɤ̰³³ bɤ̰³³ (ȵiŋ²¹bɤ³³) bɤ̰³³
206 musket bɤ̰³³ja²¹ mi²¹bɤ³³jɤ³³dɤ̰³³, mi²¹bɤ³³jɤ³³məŋ⁵⁵
207 to kill sɛ̰²¹ sḛ²¹
208 seed a⁵⁵nɤ̰³³ a⁵⁵nɤ̰ŋ³³
209 to seed a⁵⁵nɤ̰³³xɤ²¹lo³³ a⁵⁵nɤ̰ŋ³³ju⁵⁵do̰³³
210 sprout a³³bɤ̰²¹ a³³by²¹
211 stem la³³kʰɤŋ²¹, a⁵⁵kʰɤŋ²¹ a⁵⁵pa̰²¹pa̰²¹kʰɤŋ²¹
212 tree a³³bɔ³³ a³³bɔ³³
213 leaf a⁵⁵pa̰²¹ a⁵⁵pa̰²¹
214 trunk tʰi²¹kʰɤŋ²¹, tʰi²¹bɔ³³ a³³bɔ³³jɤ²¹dɔ³³
215 root dɔ²¹tɕʰi⁵⁵ du²¹ʨʰi⁵⁵
216 grass ja³³mo̰²¹ ja⁵⁵mo̰²¹
217 to grow ɣɔ³³lø³³ȵi³³xɤ²¹la⁵⁵ jɔ³³xɤ²¹xɤ²¹i⁵⁵
218 to wither ɣɤ³³i⁵⁵ jɔ³³gɤ̰²¹gɤ̰²¹i⁵⁵
219 flower a⁵⁵jɛ³³ a⁵⁵jɛ̰³³
220 to bloom a⁵⁵jɛ³³ pʰo²¹la⁵⁵ a⁵⁵jɛ̰³³ pʰɛ³³la⁵⁵
221 poppy je²¹je³³a⁵⁵jɛ³³ je²¹je³³a⁵⁵jɛ̰³³
222 thorn a²¹gɤŋ³³ a̰²¹ɣɤŋ³³
223 bean a³³bɛ̰³³ a⁵⁵bɛ̰³³
224 bamboo xa²¹dʑɔ̰³³ ma³³sa²¹
225 bamboo shoot a³³bø̰²¹ ma³³sa²¹a⁵⁵by²¹
226 mushroom a²¹xm³³ a³³xm⁵⁵
227 paddy plant tɕʰɛ³³bɔ³³ ʨʰɛ⁵⁵ʨʰɛ⁵⁵bɔ⁵⁵
228 rice xɔ²¹, tɕʰɛ³³ xɔ²¹, ʨʰɛ⁵⁵
229 corn a⁵⁵dṵ³³, a²¹tɕɤ²¹ a⁵⁵du³³
230 wax gourd ɤ⁵⁵pʰu²¹ (u²¹ʥu²¹)u⁵⁵pʰu²¹
231 cucumber ɕi²¹xo²¹ ɕi²¹xo²¹
232 bitter melon la²¹xa²¹ ɕi²¹xo²¹xa²¹[3]
233 pumpkin ma³³dɛ³³ ma⁵⁵dɛ̰³³
234 eggplant ma³³xɤ³³ ma⁵⁵xɯ³³
235 tomato ɣɔ³³mɤ⁵⁵lɤ⁵⁵mɤ³³ ɔ̰²¹mɤ³³lɤ³³
236 papaya dɛ³³ma³³ŋa⁵⁵ɔ̰³³ ʨʰi⁵⁵dzɤŋ⁵⁵ŋa̰³³bɛ̰³³
237 sesame nuŋ²¹ɕi²¹ nuŋ²¹ɕi²¹~nm²¹ɕi²¹
238 peanut nɤŋ³³pʰɤŋ²¹ nɤŋ³³pʰɔŋ²¹, la²¹bɤ²¹nɤ³³pʰɤŋ²¹
239 ginger tsʰɔ²¹tsɯ̰²¹ tsʰɔ²¹tsɯ̰²¹
240 fruit a⁵⁵ɕi²¹ a⁵⁵ɕi²¹
241 banana ŋa³³bɛ̰³³ ŋa̰³³bɛ̰³³
242 mango dʑa⁵⁵ɔ̰²¹(a⁵⁵ɕi²¹) ʥi⁵⁵ɔ̰²¹(a⁵⁵ɕi²¹)
243 orange ɕi²¹lø³³ma⁵⁵dʑi²¹ ɕi²¹lø³³
244 mangosteen
245 tamarind ɕi²¹bɛ²¹tɕʰɛ³³ ɕi²¹ʨʰa²¹ma⁵⁵kʰa⁵⁵
246 hog plums pʰɛ³³lo²¹a³³ɕi²¹
247 jackfruits ma⁵⁵mi²¹ ma⁵⁵mi²¹
248 sugar cane pʰɔ²¹tɕʰø⁵⁵ pʰɔ²¹ʨʰø⁵⁵
249 betel nut mɛ⁵⁵lɔ⁵⁵a⁵⁵ɕi²¹ ʥa̰²¹ʥa̰²¹a³³ɕi²¹
250 to plant kʰa³³ kʰa³³
251 plow tsʰɛ²¹ŋɔ²¹ tsʰɛ²¹
252 irrigated field dɛ³³ma³³ dɛ³³ma³³, dɛ³³ja⁵⁵
253 upland field ja³³ dɤŋ³³ta²¹, dɤŋ³³ja³³
254 oil ɣa̰²¹tsʰi⁵⁵ ɣa̰²¹tsʰi⁵⁵ (pig's oil)
255 salt tsa̰²¹lɤ̰²¹ tsʰa²¹dɤ̰²¹
256 sugar tsa̰²¹lɤ̰²¹tsa̰²¹tɕʰø⁵⁵ nam²¹ta³³ (< Lao), pʰɔ²¹ʨa̰²¹
257 chilli la²¹pʰi⁵⁵ la²¹pʰi⁵⁵
258 tea lɔ⁵⁵bɔ²¹ lɔ⁵⁵bo²¹
259 wine dʑi⁵⁵ba²¹ ʥi⁵⁵ba²¹
260 cigarette/tobacco ja⁵⁵xɔ²¹, ja⁵⁵xɔ²¹xɔ²¹xa³³ ja⁵⁵xɔ²¹, ja⁵⁵xɔ²¹xa³³
261 to cook rice xɔ²¹ɤŋ⁵⁵ɤŋ⁵⁵ xɔ²¹ m⁵⁵[4]
262 firewood mi²¹dza³³(mi²¹kʰɔ²¹) mi²¹dza²¹
263 pot ø̰²¹lɤŋ²¹ mɔ²¹sɤ⁵⁵, gɤ²¹pʰəŋ⁵⁵
264 to boil pu²¹ pu²¹
265 to roast pɤ³³ pɯ̰³³
266 cloth ɣɔ³³mɔ³³mɛ²¹tsʰø²¹ pʰɛ⁵⁵xɤŋ²¹mi²¹ʨʰɛ⁵⁵, mjo²¹tsʰø²¹
267 to sew mɛ²¹tsʰø²¹gṵ²¹ mjo²¹tsʰø³³gṵ²¹
268 needle a̰²¹ɣɔ̰²¹ a̰²¹ɣɔ̰²¹
269 thread a̰²¹ɣɔ̰²¹kʰɤŋ⁵⁵mi³³ sa²¹kʰɤŋ⁵⁵
270 to knit kʰa⁵⁵ja³³jɤ̰²¹ a³³jɛ̰³³tso̰³³
271 to dye sa³³pʰa⁵⁵na̰³³ sa³³pʰa⁵⁵ pu²¹
272 to wash clothes lɛ²¹tsʰi²¹ lɛ̰²¹tsʰi²¹
273 to sun clothes ɣɤ³³lɔ̰²¹, ɣɤ³³lɛ⁵⁵ŋa⁵³, u²¹tsʰa⁵⁵lɔ̰²¹ ɣɤ³³lɔ²¹, lɔ²¹ɣɤ³³, u²¹tsʰa⁵⁵ɣɤ⁵⁵lɔ³³
274 clothes pʰɛ³³xɤŋ²¹mi²¹tɕʰɛ⁵⁵ pʰɛ⁵⁵xɤŋ²¹
275 hat u²¹xo̰³³ ṵ²¹xo̰³³
276 button pʰɛ³³tɔ̰²¹ pʰɛ⁵⁵tɔ̰²¹
277 shoes sɛ²¹nɔ̰³³ sɛ²¹nɔ̰³³
278 to make uŋ⁵⁵mjo²¹uŋ⁵⁵ m⁵⁵mjo²¹m⁵⁵
279 to break ga̰³³pa̰³³ jɔ̰³³pa̰³³
280 to wear duŋ³³~dm³³ dm³³
281 to undress lɛ̰³³ lɛ̰³³
282 road ga⁵⁵ma³³ ga⁵⁵ma³³
283 village pʰu³³ pʰu³³
284 to carry on the back pʰi⁵⁵ pʰi³³
285 to buy ɣɤ⁵⁵ɣɤ̰³³ ɣɤ³³
286 to sell ɤŋ²¹ ɤŋ²¹
287 to get ɣa²¹la⁵⁵ŋa̰³³ la̰³³ɣa̰³³
288 to lose mɛ²¹gɤŋ²¹pi³³i⁵⁵ŋa̰³³ m⁵⁵mjo²¹ pi²¹i⁵⁵
289 market ga⁵⁵i⁵⁵dʑu²¹i⁵⁵ɤ³³ ga³³
290 money pʰju⁵⁵ (sɯ⁵⁵ɣa²¹)pʰju⁵⁵
291 rich sɔ⁵⁵mɤ²¹ja²¹ȵi⁵⁵ sm⁵⁵mɤŋ²¹a²¹ȵi⁵⁵
292 poor jɔ³³ɕa²¹ ji⁵⁵ɕa²¹ji⁵⁵tʰɔ³³
293 to steal su⁵⁵xø²¹xø²¹ suŋ⁵⁵xø²¹xø²¹
294 to speak dɔ³³dʑa³³dʑa⁵⁵ɔ²¹ ŋɛ²¹, dɔ²¹ŋɛ²¹ŋɛ²¹
295 to ask na⁵⁵xa²¹ do²¹na⁵⁵na⁵⁵xa²¹
296 to answer ɛ³³mɛ²¹ ʥa³³mɛ²¹
297 to call kʰu⁵⁵ kʰu⁵⁵
298 (autonym) language a⁵⁵dʑɔ⁵⁵a²¹kʰa³³ɤ³³dɔ²¹ bu³³li²¹a²¹kʰa³³ɤ²¹kʰu⁵⁵ʥɛ²¹
299 Lao language la²¹o³³dɔ²¹ la³³ɔ³³ɤ³³dɔ²¹
300 Chinese language la²¹bɤ̰³³ɤ³³dɔ²¹ la³³bɤ³³ɤ³³dɔ²¹
301 to write sɤŋ²¹bɔ²¹bɔ²¹ (sɤ²¹ɣa²¹) bo̰²¹
302 to read sɤ²¹ɣa²¹ ɣɤ³³ (sɤ²¹ɣa²¹) ɣɤ̰³³
303 letter dɔ²¹tsa̰²¹tsa̰²¹nɛ̰²¹ɤ³³ sɤ²¹ɣa²¹ ɕa⁵⁵la²¹ŋa³³, sɤ²¹ɣa²¹ ɕa⁵⁵i²¹ŋa³³
304 book sɤ²¹ɣa²¹pʰa⁵⁵dɤŋ²¹ sɤ²¹ɣa²¹ pa⁵⁵dm²¹
305 paper sɤ²¹ɣa²¹ sɤ²¹ɣa²¹~sɔ²¹ɣa²¹
306 to stick mjɤŋ³³lɛ⁵⁵ (dɛ̰²¹)mjɤŋ²¹
307 to play ȵi⁵⁵ɣɛ̰³³ ɣa³³i⁵⁵
308 story dɔ³³mɔ³³dɔ³³ø⁵⁵ ga̰³³dza²¹
309 to tell a story dø³³dø³³ɛ³³ dʑa³³ ga̰³³dza²¹ ʥa̰³³
310 song dɔ²¹tɕʰa⁵⁵ ʨʰa⁵⁵
311 to dance ȵɛ³³ ga³³ȵɛ³³ȵɛ³³, tsʰɔ²¹
312 to win tʰi³³ɣa³³i³³ma³³bi⁵⁵dʑa⁵⁵ ɣa²¹ma³³
313 to lose a game ma³³ɣa³³le⁵⁵ȵa³³ ma²¹ɣa²¹
314 to get tired ɣa²¹dø⁵⁵dø⁵⁵ ɣa²¹dø³³dø³³
315 to rest ɣa³³na³³na³³ ɣa²¹na²¹na²¹
316 to sleep jṵ²¹xa̰³³ ju²¹xa³³
317 to dream jṵ²¹ma̰³³ma̰³³ ju²¹ma³³ma³³
318 to get up jṵ²¹xa̰³³ɤ³³tʰu⁵⁵ɔ²¹ nø²¹la⁵⁵
319 to die ɕi⁵⁵xa̰³³ ɕi³³xa²¹
320 age a⁵⁵xo̰³³ a³³xo̰²¹
321 to be ill ma²¹jɛ⁵⁵ȵa³³ ʥo⁵⁵sa⁵⁵ma²¹do³³
322 painful mɔ⁵⁵du³³na⁵⁵ jo³³pʰi⁵⁵jo³³lɔŋ⁵⁵(lɔŋ⁵⁵)
323 to hiccough ɤ⁵⁵tɤ̰³³tɤ̰³³ȵa³³ ɯ̰³³tɯ̰²¹tɯ̰²¹
324 to talk in one’s sleep dɔ²¹dʑa³³dʑa³³ma̰³³ma̰³³ dɔ²¹ŋɛ³³ŋɛ³³ma̰³³ma̰³³
325 louse ɕɛ³³mɔ³³ ɕɛ⁵⁵mɔ⁵⁵, kʰɯ²¹ɕɛ⁵⁵
326 medicine dʑa³³ɣa²¹ ja̰²¹ɣa²¹
327 bow ka̰³³ da³³pjɤ̰³³
328 arrow ka̰³³mja²¹ ka³³mja²¹
329 name tsʰɔ⁵⁵mjɤŋ⁵⁵ tsʰɔ³³mjɤŋ³³
330 father a̰²¹da̰³³ a²¹da̰³³
331 mother a̰²¹ma̰³³ a²¹ma̰³³
332 husband a²¹jo³³ xa²¹ʥi⁵⁵
333 wife a²¹bu⁵⁵ mi²¹za²¹
334 son jɔ³³dʑi⁵⁵ a²¹jo̰³³
335 daughter mi²¹ja²¹ a²¹bu³³
336 child dʑa³³ja²¹ ʥa³³dza²¹ti⁵⁵
337 elder brother a³³gɔ̰³³ a³³gɔ̰³³
338 younger brother a²¹ȵi⁵⁵ a²¹ȵi⁵⁵
339 elder sister a⁵⁵jɤ̰³³ a⁵⁵jɤ̰²¹
340 younger sister du⁵⁵ma̰³³ a²¹ȵi⁵⁵
341 grandfather a²¹bɔ⁵⁵ a²¹bɔ⁵⁵
342 grandmother a²¹pʰi²¹ a²¹pʰi²¹
343 grandchild ø²¹pʰa²¹ ø̰²¹pʰa²¹
344 uncle a²¹ɣɔ⁵⁵, a²¹ɣø̰³³, a²¹mɤ³³ da⁵⁵da³³, a²¹ɣɔ⁵⁵, a²¹ɣø³³, ø⁵⁵xa²¹
345 aunt a²¹xo²¹, a̰³³jɤ̰²¹, tɕʰi⁵⁵ma̰³³ a²¹xo²¹, a²¹ȵi⁵⁵, ʨʰi⁵⁵ma⁵⁵
346 cousin a²¹tɕʰɤŋ³³ a²¹jɤ³³za²¹, a²¹ȵi⁵⁵za²¹
347 friend bɔ³³gɔ²¹ lɔ²¹gɯ̰³³ (male), a²¹jɛ⁵⁵ (female)
348 male/man a²¹jo³³ a²¹jo³³
349 female/woman a²¹bu⁵⁵ a²¹bu⁵⁵
350 man/human being tsʰɔ⁵⁵xa²¹(a³³ja²¹) tsʰɔ⁵⁵xa²¹
351 (autonym) people dʑi²¹dʑɔ⁵⁵a²¹kʰa³³ɤ³³a̰²¹ma̰³³ bu³³li³³a²¹kʰa²¹ɤ²¹tsʰɔ⁵⁵xa²¹
352 Lao people la²¹ɔ³³ɤ³³tsʰɔ⁵⁵xa²¹ la³³ɔ³³ɤ³³ tsʰɔ⁵⁵xa²¹
353 Chinese people la²¹bɤ̰²¹ɤ³³tsʰɔ⁵⁵xa²¹ la²¹bɤ̰²¹ ɤ³³ tsʰɔ⁵⁵xa²¹
354 doctor na²¹mɔ³³ nai²¹mɔ³³ (< Lao)
355 teacher na²¹kʰu²¹, a³³tɕa³³ nai²¹kʰu²¹ (< Lao), a³³ʨan³³ (< Lao)
356 shaman ȵi⁵⁵pʰa²¹, bø⁵⁵mɔ²¹ ʨʰe⁵⁵tsʰi²¹ʨʰi³³xɔ³³
357 god, spirit nḛ³³ nḛ²¹
358 temple wa̰³³
359 priest pʰɛ⁵⁵ɕɯ⁵⁵do²¹lo³³, pʰa⁵⁵ɕɯ⁵⁵ja²¹
360 to marry mi²¹ja²¹dɤŋ²¹dza²¹, mi²¹ja²¹ɕɤ²¹ mi²¹za²¹ɕɤ²¹dɤŋ²¹dza²¹
361 to meet with tʰɤŋ²¹dzø⁵⁵, i⁵⁵dzø⁵⁵ xɔ³³mɔ⁵⁵
362 to wait for dɔ²¹(tʰɔ²¹) dɔ̰²¹
363 to give to bḭ³³nɛ²¹ bḭ²¹
364 to use mɛ²¹xɛ⁵⁵xɛ⁵⁵ mɛ²¹xɛ⁵⁵ xɛ⁵⁵
365 to look for i⁵⁵mo⁵⁵, la⁵⁵mo⁵⁵ ʨʰa⁵⁵ʨʰɔ³³
366 to laugh ɯ⁵⁵ ɯ⁵⁵
367 to love ɣɔ²¹ɕa²¹ga̰²¹ ȵø²¹ta̰²¹
368 to fear, to be afraid of gṵ³³(la⁵⁵ȵa³³ gṵ²¹(la³³)ȵa²¹e³³
369 to be frightened tsʰɔ²¹gṵ⁵⁵(ȵa³³) nɤ³³ma³³ga³³kʰa³³ȵa²¹e³³
370 to be surprised nø²¹gṵ³³la⁵⁵ȵa³³ nɤ³³ma³³ga³³kʰa³³[5]
371 to know ɕi²¹ȵa³³ ɕi²¹ȵa³³
372 to remember nø²¹dṵ²¹(tʰa³³ma⁵⁵) nø̰²¹dṵ²¹tʰa²¹ma³³
373 to forget ŋɛ⁵⁵(ȵa³³) ŋɛ⁵⁵(ȵa³³)
374 cold jɔ³³ŋɛ⁵⁵, ɤ²¹ga̰³³ga̰³³ jɔ³³ŋɛ⁵⁵(ŋɛ⁵⁵)
375 hot u²¹tsʰa⁵⁵tsʰa⁵⁵ȵa³³ jɔ³³lɔŋ⁵⁵
376 hungry xɔ²¹mɛ̰³³(ȵa⁵⁵) xɔ²¹mɛ̰²¹
377 thirsty ɤ⁵⁵tɕṵ³³mɛ̰²¹la⁵⁵ȵa³³ ɤ³³ʨṵ²¹mɛ̰²¹
378 drunk dʑi⁵⁵ba²¹jɛ̰²¹ȵa³³, bu²¹dʑu⁵⁵dʑu⁵⁵ȵa³³ jɛ̰²¹
379 delicious jɔ³³kʰɯ⁵⁵ jɔ³³kʰɯ⁵⁵
380 sweet jɔ³³tɕʰø⁵⁵ jɔ³³ʨʰø⁵⁵
381 sour jɔ³³tɕʰɛ⁵⁵ jɔ³³ʨʰɛ⁵⁵
382 pepper hot la²¹pʰi⁵⁵(pʰi⁵⁵) la²¹pʰi⁵⁵(pʰi⁵⁵)
383 salty jɔ³³ta̰³³ tsa̰²¹dɤ̰²¹ ta̰³³
384 thing mɛ²¹gɤŋ²¹mɛ²¹ma̰³³ mɛ²¹gɤŋ²¹, m⁵⁵mjo²¹
385 big jɔ³³xɤ²¹(xɤ²¹) jɔ³³xɤ²¹
386 small jɔ³³ȵi⁵⁵ jɔ³³ȵi⁵⁵
387 tall, high jɔ³³go⁵⁵ jɤ³³gɔ⁵⁵[6]
388 low jɔ³³ɔ̰³³ jɔ³³ɣɔ̰³³
389 long jɔ³³mɔ⁵⁵ jɔ³³mɤŋ⁵⁵
390 short jɔ³³dɤ³³ jɔ³³ȵm⁵⁵
391 broad, wide jɔ³³gɛ⁵⁵gɛ⁵⁵ jɔ³³ʥɛ⁵⁵
392 narrow jɔ³³sṵ²¹ jɔ³³sṵ²¹
393 thick jɔ³³tʰu⁵⁵ jɔ³³tʰu⁵⁵
394 thin jɔ³³ba²¹ jɤ³³ba²¹
395 deep jɔ³³na̰²¹(na̰²¹) jɤ³³na̰²¹
396 shallow ma²¹na̰²¹ŋa³³ ma²¹na̰²¹
397 smooth di⁵⁵dɛ³³ȵi⁵⁵ jɤ³³sa⁵⁵
398 rough ɣø³³nu⁵⁵ jɤ³³nɛ²¹
399 round lɤŋ³³dɤ⁵⁵ȵi³³ jɤ³³lɔŋ³³
400 sharp jɔ³³ta̰³³(ta̰³³), ta̰³³ju⁵⁵ȵi³³ jɤ³³ta̰³³
401 dull jɔ³³dɔ³³dɔ³³ ma²¹ta̰³³, ma²¹tɕʰɛ³³
402 pointed jɔ³³tɕʰɛ³³tɕʰɛ³³ (jɤ³³)ʨʰɛ³³, jɔ³³dɔ³³, jɔ³³jø³³
403 color si³⁵ si³³ (< Lao)
404 red jɔ³³ne⁵⁵ jɔ³³nɛ³³
405 yellow jɔ²¹ɕɯ⁵⁵ jɔ³³ɕɯ⁵⁵
406 blue jɔ³³pʰɤ⁵⁵ jɔ³³pʰɤ⁵⁵
407 white jɔ³³pʰju⁵⁵ jɔ³³ba̰³³
408 black jɔ³³na̰³³ jɔ³³na̰³³
409 green jɔ³³ȵø⁵⁵ jɔ³³ȵø⁵⁵
410 sound, noise tʰɛ⁵⁵sa⁵⁵ tʰe⁵⁵sa⁵⁵
411 light jɔ³³pʰja⁵⁵ jɤ³³pʰja⁵⁵
412 heavy jɔ³³kʰɤŋ³³ jɔ³³kʰɔŋ³³
413 dry jɔ³³ɣɯ³³ jɔ³³gɯ̰³³
414 wet jɔ³³tɕʰi²¹ jɔ³³ɣa̰²¹
415 soft jɔ³³nɤŋ²¹ jɔ³³bjḛ³³
416 hard jɔ³³ɣɤŋ⁵⁵ jɔ³³ɣɔŋ⁵⁵
417 full jɔ³³bjɤŋ³³ bjɤŋ³³la⁵⁵
418 new jɔ³³ɕɯ̰²¹ jɔ³³ɕɯ̰²¹
419 old jɔ³³ø⁵⁵ jɔ³³ø⁵⁵
420 raw jɔ³³dʑuŋ²¹~jɔ³³dʑm²¹ jɤ³³ʥm²¹
421 done, ripe jɔ³³dʑa̰²¹ jɔ³³ʥa̰²¹
422 good jɔ³³mɯ²¹ jɤ³³mɯ²¹
423 bad ma²¹mɯ²¹ ma²¹mɯ²¹
424 difficult jɔ³³xa̰³³ jɤ³³xa̰³³
425 easy jɔ³³ja⁵⁵ jɤ³³ɣɔ̰²¹
426 expensive jɔ³³pʰø²¹ jɔ³³pʰø²¹, a⁵⁵pʰø²¹jɔ³³xa⁵⁵
427 cheap ju⁵⁵tɕʰø⁵⁵ŋa⁵³ ma²¹pʰø²¹
428 clean jɔ³³ɕɔ⁵⁵ jɤ³³ɕɔ⁵⁵
429 dirty jɔ³³tɕa̰²¹ jɤ³³ʨa̰²¹
430 gentle nuŋ³³ma³³jɔ³³mɯ²¹ nɤ³³ma³³jɤ³³mɯ²¹
431 angry nuŋ³³ma³³jɔ³³xa̰²¹ nɤ³³ma³³ma²¹mɯ²¹
432 happy, glad jɔ³³mɯ²¹mɯ²¹ɛ⁵⁵dʑɔ⁵⁵ nɤ³³nø²¹jɤ³³sa⁵⁵
433 ashamed ɕa̰²¹dɔ⁵⁵bɔ̰³³ ɕa̰²¹dɔ⁵⁵bɔ³³, ɕa̰²¹dɔ⁵⁵dɔ⁵⁵
434 stupid jɔ²¹xa̰³³(ɛ³³) dɤ³³(ŋa³³) a̰²¹dzɔ̰²¹a̰²¹ka̰²¹
435 clever jɔ³³gɤŋ⁵⁵(ŋa³³) ma²¹dzɔ̰²¹ma²¹ka̰²¹
436 quick, fast jɔ³³ɣø⁵⁵(ɣø⁵⁵) jɤ³³kʰɔ⁵⁵
437 slow jɔ³³ga̰³³ ma²¹kʰɔ⁵⁵, jɤ³³ga³³
438 early jɔ³³na̰²¹ jɔ³³na̰²¹
439 fat jɔ³³tsʰu⁵⁵ jɤ³³tsʰu⁵⁵
440 thin jɔ³³ko̰⁵⁵ jɤ³³jɛ̰²¹
441 old of age ja²¹mɔ²¹ mɔ²¹i⁵⁵
442 young of age ja²¹gu²¹ za²¹gu²¹
443 year a⁵⁵xo̰³³ a⁵⁵xo̰²¹
444 this year tsɤ³³nɤ⁵⁵xo̰³³ tsɯ̰³³nɤŋ³³xo̰²¹
445 last year mi⁵⁵nɤŋ³³xo̰³³ mi⁵⁵nɤŋ³³xo̰²¹
446 next year a²¹kʰa⁵⁵nḛ³³ja̰³³xo̰³³ nɛ̰²¹ja̰²¹xo̰²¹
447 month ba³³la³³ ba³³la³³
448 this month ba³³la³³xɤ³³ɕi²¹ ba³³la³³ȵm⁵⁵ɕi²¹
449 last month mi⁵⁵nɤ³³nɤŋ³³ɕi²¹ ba³³la³³mi⁵⁵nɤŋ²¹ɕi²¹
450 next month xɤ²¹sɤŋ⁵⁵ja³³ta²¹a³³ɕi²¹ ba³³la³³a²¹kʰa⁵⁵ɕi²¹
451 now ȵuŋ³⁵xɤ²¹la̰²¹, xɤ³³ja²¹ma³³, xɤ³³po³³la̰²¹ ȵm³³
452 today i²¹nɤŋ³³ i²¹nɤŋ³³
453 yesterday mi⁵⁵nɤŋ³³ mi⁵⁵nɤŋ³³
454 tomorrow ȵi³³ɕɤ²¹nɤŋ³³ nɤŋ³³ɕɔ²¹nɤŋ³³
455 everyday a²¹jɔ³³nɤŋ³³a²¹jɔ²¹ a²¹jɔ²¹nɤŋ³³a²¹jɔ²¹
456 morning u²¹ɕɔ³³pʰɔ³³ u²¹ɕɔ²¹jɤ³³na̰²¹
457 noon nɤŋ³³ɣɤŋ⁵⁵ nɤŋ³³ɣɤŋ⁵⁵
458 evening u²¹tɕi³³tɕi²¹tʰɔ³³ m²¹tɕi³³tʰɔ³³
459 night u²¹tɕi³³ m²¹tɕi²¹
460 rainy season u²¹jɛ⁵⁵jɛ⁵⁵ɤ³³jam²¹ jɛ³³ɣɤŋ³³jam²¹
461 cold season ɤ²¹ga̰³³ga̰³³ɤ³³jam²¹ tsɛ²¹ga³³jam²¹
462 above la²¹ta̰³³pʰɔ³³ xɔ³³ta̰³³, a²¹ta̰³³
463 below dɤŋ²¹dɤŋ³³pʰɔ³³ a²¹ɔ̰³³
464 inside la²¹xø⁵⁵ la²¹xø⁵⁵
465 outside la²¹ȵi⁵⁵ la²¹ȵi⁵⁵
466 front bø²¹tʰɛ⁵⁵pʰɔ³³ mi²¹ɕi⁵⁵pʰɔ⁵⁵
467 back na⁵⁵xɤŋ³³pʰɔ³³ na⁵⁵xɤŋ³³pʰɔ³³
468 north xø⁵⁵ta̰³³pʰɔ³³ a²¹ta̰³³pʰɔ³³
469 south dɤŋ²¹dɤŋ³³pʰɔ³³ a²¹ɔ̰³³pʰɔ³³
470 east nuŋ⁵⁵ma³³do̰³³xɛ²¹ nɤ⁵⁵ma³³do²¹la⁵⁵pʰɔ³³
471 west nuŋ⁵⁵ma³³ga³³xɛ²¹ nɤ⁵⁵ma³³ga³³i⁵⁵pʰɔ³³
472 far ɣɔ²¹mɔ⁵⁵ȵi²¹kʰa²¹ jɤ³³mɤŋ⁵⁵kʰa²¹
473 near dɔ²¹pʰɛ³³ dɔ²¹pʰɛ³³
474 to come la³³ la⁵⁵
475 to go i⁵⁵ i⁵⁵
476 to return o²¹le³³, o²¹la³³ o²¹le⁵⁵, o²¹la⁵⁵
477 to enter u³³ u⁵⁵(la⁵⁵)
478 to exit do³³ do̰³³(i⁵⁵)
479 to climb, to ascend da̰²¹ po̰³³, da³³le⁵⁵
480 to descend da̰²¹kʰa³³le³³ da²¹kʰa⁵⁵le⁵⁵
481 to fall ga³³kʰa³³ ga³³kʰa³³
482 I ŋa³³ ŋa⁵⁵
483 you, thou nɔ³³ nɔ⁵⁵
484 he, she tʰɤ³³ɣa²¹ tʰɤ⁵⁵ɣa²¹/nɔ⁵⁵[7]
485 we ŋa³³ma̰²¹, a̰³³dɤ̰³³ma̰²¹ ŋɔ⁵⁵dɤ²¹ma²¹, ŋa³³ma̰²¹ (EXCL)
486 you, ye nuŋ³³ma̰²¹ nuŋ³³ma̰²¹
487 they xø⁵⁵bɔ³³ma̰²¹ xø⁵⁵bɔ²¹
488 who a̰²¹so³³ɣa²¹ a²¹su³³ɣa²¹
489 this xɤ³³ xɤ³³ʥɛ²¹
490 that xø⁵⁵ xø⁵⁵ʥɛ²¹
491 what a²¹dʑɛ²¹ a²¹ʥɛ²¹
492 where a̰²¹ga³³ a²¹ga⁵⁵(dɛ⁵⁵)
493 why a̰²¹dʑɛ³³ a²¹ʥɛ²¹ŋa²¹
494 very jɔ³³xa̰⁵⁵mɯ²¹a³³ jɔ³³mɯ²¹mi⁵⁵ȵa³³ (very good)
495 still si²¹ ma²¹dza²¹ɤ³³ɕi²¹ (I have not eaten yet.)

Sentences

[edit]
no. gloss Akha Chicho Akha Buli
496 I am (autonym). ŋa³³ a²¹kʰa³³ɤ³³dʑi²¹dʑɔ³³a̰²¹ma̰³³ ŋa⁵⁵ bu³³li²¹ ɤ²¹ a²¹kʰa²¹.
497 I am not (autonym). ŋa³³ a²¹kʰa³³ɤ³³dʑi²¹dʑɔ³³a̰³³ma̰³³ma²¹ŋɯ³³ ŋa⁵⁵ bu³³li²¹ ɤ²¹ a²¹kʰa²¹ma²¹ŋɯ⁵⁵
498 I have ŋa³³ ja²¹ suŋ³³ɣa²¹dʑɔ³³ (I have three children.) ŋa⁵⁵ za²¹ sm⁵⁵ɣa²¹ ʥo⁵⁵ma⁵⁵. (I have three children.), ŋa⁵⁵ pʰju⁵⁵ dʑa³³ ma⁵⁵. (I have money.)
499 I came from Vientiane. ŋa³³xø⁵⁵ba²¹wieŋ²¹tɕaŋ³³=nɛ³³la⁵³dɛ³³ ŋa⁵⁵ bieŋ²¹ʨaŋ³³ nɛ²¹ la⁵³ ɤ²¹ ma³³.
500 I will go to Vientiane. ŋa³³ wieŋ²¹tɕaŋ³³i⁵⁵dɛ⁵⁵ ŋa⁵⁵ bieŋ²¹ʨaŋ³³ lɛ²¹ i⁵⁵ ma⁵⁵.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ /ja21phjo55/ means ‘bloom’, hence the verb root for ‘to sweep’ is /ja21/.
  2. ^ The word for ‘duck’ is /ɔ̰33a̰33/, which tonally differs from the word for ‘crow’ /ɔ̰21a̰21/ (#167). Both of them are derived from onomatopoeic words, though ‘duck’ and ‘crow’ are described as /pi55pi55/ and /ɔ11a55/, respectively, in Ko-Puli by Kingsada and Shintani (1999: 240).
  3. ^ The syllable of this word /xa21/ can be construed as ‘bitter’.
  4. ^ /xɔ21/ and /m55/ in this phrase are construed as ‘meal’ and ‘to make’, respectively.
  5. ^ This Akha Buli phrase is literally construed as “the mind (/nɤ33ma33/) falls (/ga33kha33/)’’.
  6. ^ The citation form of Akha Buli adjectives in Laos consists of a prefix and a root. The adjective prefix is - or -, the latter of which may not be found in other Akha Buli varieties. As for the word ‘tall’, Kingsada and Shintani (1999: 247) describes /jɔ33go55/ in Ko-Puli of Phongsaly (Laos), and Lewis (1968: 334) states yaw goˇ (approximately /jɔ˧ go˥/) in Jeuˬ g’oeˬ (Puli) of Kengtung (Burma/Myanmar).
  7. ^ /thɤ55ɣa21/ literally means ‘that person’ (thɤ55 ‘that’ +ɣa21 ‘classifier for human’). /nɔ55/ originally denotes second person singular, but in Akha Buli natural conversation it can be used for third person singular as well. Kingsada and Shintani (1999: 251) describe /xɯ55ɣa11/ for ‘he, she’, which literally seems to mean ‘this person’. This issue should be examined in later analyses.

References

[edit]
Vocabulary lists of Southeast Asian languages
Sino-Tibetan

p-Tibeto-Burman • Old Chinese (basic) • p-Southern Min • Macro-Bai • p-Tujia • p-Naish • p-Ersuic • Guiqiong • Horpa • p-Lolo-Burmese • p-Lalo • Lalo • Akha • Woni • Axi • Nesu • Yi (Mihei) • Kathu • Gong • p-Karenic • p-Luish • p-Bodo-Garo • Kuki-Chin • Suansu • Jejara • Mru • p-W. Tibetan • Tibetan (Lajiao) • Amdo Tibetan • Zakhring • Tshangla • Kho-Bwa • Mey • p-Puroik • p-Hrusish • Koro • Greater Siangic • Raji-Raute • Dhimalish • Baram-Thangmi • Bhujel • p-Kham • Dura • Bunan • (Nepal)

Austroasiatic

p-Austroasiatic (Swadesh) • p-Munda • p-Khasian • p-Palaungic • Quang Lam • p-Khmuic • p-Pakanic • p-Vietic • p-Katuic • p-Bahnaric • p-Pearic • p-Khmeric • p-Monic • p-Aslian • p-Nicobarese

Hmong-Mien

p-Hmong-Mien • Hmong-Mien • p-Hmongic • Pa-Hng • Xong • Pana • She • p-Mienic • Mienic • Mien (Gongcheng) • Biao Min (Shikou)

Kra-Dai

p-Kra-Dai • p-Kra • Laha • Qabiao • Gelao • p-Kam-Sui • Kam-Sui (Hunan) • p-Lakkia • Biao • p-Tai • Zhuang (Tiandeng) • Bouyei • p-Be • Jizhao • p-Hlai • Jiamao

Austronesian

p-Austronesian