Appendix:Proto-Bodo-Garo reconstructions
The following list of 573 reconstructed Proto-Bodo-Garo forms is from Joseph & Burling (2006: 114-148).
List
[edit]| English gloss | Part of speech; notes | Proto-Bodo-Garo |
|---|---|---|
| above, up | pp. | *shak |
| accusative suffix | *-kho⁰ | |
| adjective prefix | (A) | *Gɯ⁰- |
| adjective prefix | (B) | *SV⁰- |
| agree | v.i. | *ma²-pak |
| aim a blow | v.t. | *heŋ¹ |
| alive | v.i. | *thaŋ¹ |
| animal, prefix for animal names | *m[a⁴-] | |
| anoint | v.t. (A) | *phul¹ |
| anoint, smear on | v.t. (B) | *[SVt] |
| areca nut | n. | *koi¹ |
| arrange neatly, pile up | v.t. | *jap |
| arrive, reach | v.i. | *shok |
| ascend, go up | v.i | *tao¹ |
| ashes | n. | *thap⁴-la |
| ask, question | v.t. | *sɯŋ² |
| ask, request | v.t. (A) | *ham² |
| ask, request | v.t. (B) | *Bi² |
| aunt, father's sister | n. | *nɯi¹ |
| aunt, mother's elder sister | n. | *ma⁴-yoŋ |
| aunt, mother's younger sister | n. | *ma⁴-DV |
| avoid | v.t. | *ger¹ |
| axe | n. | *ru¹-a |
| back | n. | *yaŋ⁴-Gul |
| bamboo | n. | *bwa² |
| bamboo reinforcement | n. | *khun⁴-di |
| bamboo shoot | n. | *me²-bwa |
| bamboo tube used for storage | n. | *shuŋ⁴ |
| banana leaf | n. | *lai² |
| banana | n. | *the²-lɯ(k) |
| banana plant | n. (cf. 'tree' A) | *lai²-phaŋ |
| bark (of dogs) | v.i. | *shuŋ² |
| basket for measuring | n. | *ton¹ |
| basket | n. | *khok |
| bat (animal) | n. (A) (cf. 'bird') | *tao²-pak |
| be, equatative verb | (A) | *[]oŋ² |
| be, equatative verb | (B) | *ca[ŋ]¹ |
| bear (animal) | n. | *ma³-phur |
| bear fruit | v.i. (A) (cf. 'fruit' n.) | *thV[t] |
| bear fruit | v.i. (B) | *naŋ¹ |
| beard, moustache | n. (cf. 'mouth'; 'hair, coarse body') | *khu²-su-maŋ |
| beat, (drum etc.) | v.t. | *tam² |
| before, early | pp. | *S[V]⁴-kaŋ |
| begin | v.i. | *ha²-ba coŋ¹ |
| believe | v.t. | *[pɯ⁴-tai] |
| below | pp. | *[k]a²-ma |
| bend downward, droop | v.i. | *gom¹ |
| bent, crooked | v.i. | *koŋ³-kai |
| big | v.i. | *DVr² |
| big, noun suffix | *-ma⁰ | |
| bird | n. | *tao² |
| bite | v.t. | *cik |
| bitter | v.i. | *kha² |
| black | v.i. | *Gɯ⁰-Sɯm⁴ |
| block off | v.t. | *thek |
| block the way | v.t. | *beŋ² |
| blood | n. | *thɯi² |
| bloom | v.i. | *par¹ |
| blow with mouth | v.i. | *shuk |
| blunt, of pointed things | v.i. (A) | *bwV⁴-[t]Vk |
| blunt, of pointed things | v.i. (B) | *thom⁴ |
| boat | n. | *Ruŋ¹ |
| body | n. | *han² |
| boil | v.i. | *Gɯ⁰-Du⁴ |
| boil | v.t. | *rut |
| bone | n. | *kreŋ³ |
| bounce off | v.i. | *thɯr² |
| bowl | n. | *khu⁴-rɯi |
| braid, twist, intertwine (as when making rope) | v.t. | *shak |
| brain | n. | *[thV⁴-lVŋ] |
| break | v.i. | *bai²/*bi² |
| break | v.t. | *phai²/*phi² |
| break, snap off | v.i. | *co[t] |
| breast | n. | *shok |
| bridge, bamboo | n. | *saŋ²-kV |
| bright | v.i. | *cɯŋ² |
| bring | v.t. | *la²-ba |
| bring | v.t. | *la²-ba |
| brood (chicks) | v.t. | *bam¹ |
| brood, of same age | n. | *Sa³-roŋ |
| brother, elder | n. | *-da⁴ |
| brother, younger | n. | *joŋ[¹] |
| brother-in-law, elder | n. | *gu⁴-mɯi |
| brother-in-law, younger | n. | *BV⁴-nVŋ |
| build a bamboo bridge | v.t. | *cVn¹ |
| build a fence, partition, etc. | v.t. | *Dum² |
| build a house | v.t. | *luk |
| burn | v.i. | *kham¹ |
| burn | v.t. | *sao² |
| burst, explode, split | v.i. | *pret |
| burst, explode, split | v.t. | *phret |
| bury | v.t. (A) | *dap |
| bury | v.t. (B) | *pho[p] |
| buy | v.t. | *prai¹ |
| cane, reed | n. (cf. 'classifier for long thin things') | *rai¹-Dɯŋ |
| carry a child | v.t. | *ba² |
| carry from strap or tump line | v.t. | *hor¹ |
| carry on shoulder | v.t. | *rɯ⁴-pai |
| cat | n. | *mVŋ⁴-kV |
| catch up with, be on time | v.i. | *Srap |
| causative prefix | *[S]V⁰- | |
| change, exchange | v.t. | *S[ɯ³]-lai |
| cheek | n. (A) | *phai⁴ |
| child | n. | *phi²-sa/*Bi²-sa |
| classifier for animals | *maŋ¹ | |
| classifier for draughts, swallows | *grok | |
| classifier for flat things | *kho² | |
| classifier for forearm-lengths | *muk | |
| classifier for long things | *tɯŋ¹ | |
| classifier for number of times | *khep | |
| classifier for pieces | *thoŋ² | |
| classifier for plants | (cf. 'tree-A') | *phaŋ¹ |
| classifier, residual category | *gV² | |
| clean | v.i. | *thar¹ |
| clear and transparent | v.i. | *grɯk |
| clear jungle | v.t. | *bwao² |
| close, cover | v.t. | *khɯp |
| close, shut in | v.t. | *cɯp |
| closely placed, dense, thick | v.i. | *puŋ² |
| cluster, ear (of pulses, grains) | n. | *daŋ¹ |
| cockroach | n. | *kha⁴-lo[k] |
| coil | v.t. | *khon² |
| cold (of things) | v.i. (A) | *cɯk |
| cold and refreshing water | n. (cf. 'cold personally') | *kha²-shɯn |
| cold | v.i. (B) | *sV⁴-[k]am |
| cold, personally | v.i. | *shɯn² |
| collect | v.t. | *gɯr¹ |
| color | n. (A) | *gap |
| comb | v.t. | *khVn² |
| come off, out (as hair, handle, etc.) | v.i. | *gok |
| come out, come into view | v.i. | *na¹ |
| come out, emerge | v.i. | *Vŋ[²]-khat |
| come | v.i. (A) | *Ri²-ba |
| come | v.i. (B) | *phVV¹ |
| confused, in a confused way | v.i. | *buŋ⁴-baŋ |
| cook by steam | v.t. | *[h]rVm¹ |
| cook in a bamboo tube | v.t. | *Breŋ¹ |
| cook in banana leaves | v.t. | *bwi² |
| cook | v.t. | *shoŋ² |
| cotton | n. | *khul¹ |
| count | v.t. | *[c]an³ |
| courtyard | n. | *[sha²-ta-la] |
| cover with a cloth | v.t. | *phVn¹ |
| cow | n. | *ma⁴-su |
| crawl, creep | v.i. | *mal¹ |
| creeper | n. | *[lVo⁴] |
| cross beyond the limit | v.t. | *ba⁴-tai |
| cross, go beyond | v.t. | *pat |
| cry, sob | v.i. | *Grap |
| cucumber | n. (cf. 'fruit') | *thai² |
| curry | n. | *mV² |
| curse | n. | *Sao¹ |
| cut, chop | v.t. | *tan² |
| cut, slice, reap | v.t. | *[h]ra¹ |
| dance | v.i. | *mV⁴-sa |
| dative suffix | *-na⁰ | |
| day after tomorrow | n. | *[so²-ne] |
| deep | v.i. | *thu² |
| despise, have contempt for | v.t. | *mi⁴-ci |
| die | v.i. | *thɯi¹ |
| dig | v.t. | *cao² |
| dig, scoop | v.t. (A) | *khut |
| dig, scoop | v.t. (B) | *khot |
| dirt, feces | n. | *khi² |
| dive, submerge | v.i. | *rip/*rɯp |
| divine | v.i. (cf. 'look') | *sɯ⁴-ma |
| drain out water | v.t. | *shet |
| draw water | v.t. | *khao² |
| dream | n. | *jV³-maŋ |
| drink | v.t. | *lɯŋ¹ |
| drive, chase (cattle, etc.) | v.t. | *[h]rɯk |
| drum | n. | *khram¹ |
| dry | v.i. | *ran² |
| dry, put to try | v.t. | *lam¹ |
| ear | n. | *na[¹]-cur |
| earth, ground, soil | n. | *ha² |
| eat plentifully | v.i. | *nal¹ |
| eat | v.t. | *ca² |
| egg | n. | *pi⁰-tɯi² |
| embrace | v.t. | *Gɯ⁰-Bak |
| embrace, take in lap | v.t. | *pam¹ |
| emerge, go through | v.i. | *pr[o]⁴ |
| emphatic suffix | *-se⁰ | |
| encircle, enclose | v.t. | *kom² |
| enclose | v.t | *khop |
| enter | v.i. | *nap |
| escape | v.i. | *jok |
| excessive | adv. | *gre¹ |
| exist, be at | v.i. | *toŋ¹ |
| extinguish | v.i. | *khɯ³-mɯt |
| eye | n. | *mɯk-kon |
| face | n. (cf. 'eye') | *mɯk-khaŋ |
| fall | v.i. (A) | *gak |
| fall | v.i. (B) | *ba⁴-grai |
| familiar, easy to deal with | *mar⁴ | |
| far | v.i. | *jal²/*cal² |
| fat, grease | n. | *mV⁴-tVm |
| father | n. | *pha¹ |
| father-in-law | n. | *hao² |
| fear | v.i. | *khen¹ |
| feed (into mouth or beak) | v.t. | *tu² |
| finger | n. (cf. 'hand') | *yak-si |
| finger nail | n. (3) (cf. 'hand', 'finger', 'skin') (3) | *yak-si-kur |
| finish, come to an end | v.i. (B) | *con² |
| fire | n. | *bwar² |
| firewood | n. (cf. 'tree') | *Bol³ |
| firm, stable | adv. | *khɯm⁴ |
| fish | n. | *na² |
| fishing net | n. | *cek |
| fitting, proper | v.i. | *khe² |
| fix a handle | v.t. | *cat |
| flower | n. (cf. 'bloom') | *pi⁰-par¹ |
| fly | n. | *tham³-phɯi |
| fly | v.i. | *pir¹ |
| fold | v.t. | *phai²-dem- |
| four | num. | *Brɯi¹ |
| fruit | n. | *thai² |
| fry | v.t. | *jao² |
| full | v.i. | *phuŋ¹ |
| future suffix | *-gVn⁰ | |
| genitals, female | n. | *shi² |
| genitive suffix | *-ni⁰ | |
| get | v.t. | *man² |
| ghost | n. | *me²-maŋ |
| ginger | n. | *hai²-ciŋ |
| give, distribute | v.t. | *ron² |
| goat | n. | *prɯn² |
| good | v.i. | *nam¹ |
| granary | n. | *jam¹ |
| grandchild | n. | *shu² |
| grandfather | n. | *a¹-cu |
| grandmother | n. | *bɯi⁴ |
| grass | n. | *sam¹ |
| grasshopper | n. | *guk |
| green | v.i. | *thaŋ[¹] |
| grind stone | n. (cf. 'stone') | *Roŋ²-ci |
| group | n. | *thok |
| guard, wait, keep | v.t. | *ra⁴-khV |
| hair of body, fur | n. | *khɯ³-mɯl |
| hair of head | n. | *khi³-ni |
| hair, coarse body | n. | *-su⁴-maŋ |
| hair, pubic, female | n. | *shi²-su-maŋ |
| hair, pubic, male | n. (cf. 'penis') | *lV¹-su-maŋ |
| hand, arm | n. | *yak |
| handle | n. | *phoŋ³ |
| hard | v.i. | *rak |
| having, with | *Gɯ⁰-naŋ⁴ | |
| hawk | n. (cf. 'bird') | *dao²-lVŋ |
| hay | n. | *ma⁴-kap |
| he, she | pro. (A) | *u¹- |
| he, she | pro. (B) | *Bi¹ |
| head | n. | *kho⁴-rok |
| hear | v.t. (cf. 'ear') | *khɯ¹-na |
| heart | n. | *kha² |
| heavily, of rain | adv. | *jrek-jrek |
| heel of foot | n. | *thVŋ² |
| hill | n. (cf. 'earth') | *ha²-cu |
| hold, grab, catch | v.t. | *[h]rVn² |
| hold, grasp | v.t. | *[tVi²] |
| hole | n. (cf. 'earth') | *ha²-khor |
| hollow | v.i. | *phwo⁴ |
| homeland | n. (A) (cf. 'earth') | *ha²-soŋ |
| horn | n. | *kroŋ¹ |
| hot | v.i. | *tuŋ² |
| house | n. | *nok |
| hundred | num. | *rɯ⁴-ca |
| hungry | v.i. cf. stomach | *bwok⁴-khɯi |
| husband | n. | *sai¹ |
| I | pro. | *aŋ¹ |
| imperative, verb suffix | *-po⁰ | |
| infinitive suffix | *-na⁰ | |
| insert, press in | v.t. | *Suk/*Sɯk |
| inside | pp. | *niŋ²/*nuŋ² |
| interrogative base | *ba¹ | |
| intestines, guts | n. | *Bi⁰-puk |
| intoxicated by stimulants, drunk | v.i. | *phek |
| iron, metal | n. | *sɯr¹ |
| jump | v.i. | *clok |
| kiss | v.t. (cf. 'mouth') | *khu²-tVm |
| know (things) | v.t. | *rɯŋ¹ |
| know, understand | v.i. (A) | *[]a⁴-man |
| know, understand | v.t. (B) | *si⁴ |
| land, area | n. (B) (cf. 'earth') | *ha²-Dot |
| later | pp. | *ya²-[]an |
| laugh | v.i. | *mi⁴-ni |
| lay egg | v.t. | *tɯi² |
| lead, guide | v.t. | *tVl² |
| leaf | n. (A) | *yak |
| leaf | n. (B) (cf. 'banana leaf) | *lai² |
| leak | v.i. | *sher¹ |
| learn | v.t. | *shɯ⁴-lɯŋ |
| leech, land | n. | *lu³-at |
| leech, water | n. | *sV[²]-luk |
| left side | n. (A) (cf. 'hand') | *yak-shi |
| left side | n. (B) | *le⁴-bra |
| leg | n. | *ya²-theŋ |
| lick | v.t. (cf. 'tongue') | *[she⁴-lVk] |
| lie in wait | v.i. | *com¹ |
| light (not heavy) | v.i. | *ceŋ² |
| lightning, flash | v.i. | *[phɯ²-lap] |
| lip | n. (cf. 'mouth') | *khu²-cur |
| liver | n. | *pi³-kha |
| load | v.t. | *gat |
| locative suffix | *-ao⁰ | |
| loiter, wander | v.i. | *jɯm² |
| long, length | v.i. | *lao² |
| look, look at | v.t. | *ni¹ |
| lose | v.t. | *Gɯ¹-ma |
| louse | n. | *thɯk |
| love | v.t. | *kha²-sha |
| make, do | v.t. | *tak |
| man, male human | n. (A) | *mV²-Sa |
| man, male human | n. (B) | *[-bwa⁴] |
| mango | n. (cf. 'fruit') | *thai²-cu |
| marry | v.t. | *khɯm¹ |
| mat | n. | *[]am¹ |
| match, fit, be suitable | v.i. | *Srap |
| mature | v.i. | *pri¹ |
| melon, mash | n. | *khum⁴-[rV] |
| millet | n. | *mV⁴-Si |
| mind | n. | *Gɯ⁰-Sɯk |
| mix | v.t. | *prɯn¹ |
| morning, early day | n. | *phruŋ¹ |
| mortar | n. | *sham² |
| mother | n. | *ma² |
| mother-in-law | n. (cf. aunt, father's sister; father-in-law) | *ni³-o |
| mouth | n. | *khu² |
| much, many, plenty | v.i. | *paŋ² |
| mucus of nose | n. (cf. 'nose') | *guŋ¹-grai |
| nail, claw | n. (cf. 'finger', 'fingernail', 'toenail', 'skin') | *kur⁴ |
| name | n. | *muŋ¹ |
| narrow, flat | v.i. | *cep |
| neck | n. | *Go⁰-tok |
| necklace, garland, string of beads | n. | *lɯk |
| need, necessary | v.t. | *naŋ¹ |
| negative imperative prefix | *ta⁰- | |
| negative suffix | *-ya⁰ | |
| nephew | n. | *dVV⁴ |
| nephew, niece | n. | *Grai¹ |
| nest | n. | *thop |
| new | v.i. | *Gɯ⁰-dal⁴ |
| niece, man's sister's daughter | n. | *nam[⁴]-cVk |
| night | n. | *phwar¹ |
| nine | num. | *(kh)u¹ |
| nip, hold in tongs etc. | v.t. | *khep |
| nose | n. | *kuŋ¹-thuŋ |
| now | adv. | *ta² |
| obey, submit oneself | v.t. | *bam¹ |
| oil | n. | *thao¹ |
| old | v.i. (cf. 'worn out') | *Gɯ⁰-cam¹ |
| one | num. | *-sha⁴ |
| other, another | n. | *Gu⁰-Bun⁴ |
| overgrown with grass | v.i. | *tuk |
| pain, have | v.i. | *sha¹ |
| palm of hand | n. (cf. 'hand') | *yak-pha |
| peck (birds), gore, butt | v.t. | *shu¹ |
| peel off | v.i. | *gao² |
| peel, slice, cut | v.t. | *lep |
| penis | n. | *lɯ³ |
| perch (of birds) | v.i. | *pa² |
| pestle | n. | *lɯm[¹] |
| pierce through, point | v.t. | *jot |
| pig | n. | *bwak |
| pillow | n. (cf. 'head') | *kho⁴-dVm |
| place pot for cooking or brewing | v.t. | *can¹ |
| plant part, internal body part prefix | *pi⁰- | |
| plant | v.t. | *kai² |
| plough | v.t. | *bwai¹ |
| pluck (fruit) | v.t. | *[]ak |
| pluck, uproot | v.t. | *phuk |
| pot | n. | *tɯk |
| pour | v.t. (A) | *lu¹ |
| pour | v.t. (B) | *sɯr² |
| prepare, repair | v.i. | *tha⁴-li |
| present suffix | *-a⁰ | |
| press, press out, squeeze | v.t. | *shep |
| profanation | n. | *shu¹-a |
| prop up, support | v.t. | *shuŋ² |
| pull | v.t. | *bɯt |
| put down | v.t. | *ton¹ |
| rain | n. | *no⁴-kha |
| rain | v.i. | *phwa¹ |
| rat | n. | *mV⁴-sV |
| raw, unripe | v.i. (cf. 'green') | *Gɯ⁰-thiŋ⁴ |
| red | v.i. | *Gɯ⁰-cak |
| relation of parents of a married couple | n. (cf. 'house') | *nok⁴-cV-mai |
| remove skin (dress, bark, peel etc.) | v.t. | *khrVk |
| remove, take out | v.t. | *[]ok |
| return | v.i. | *bwal¹ |
| rice beer | n. | *cu¹ |
| rice flour, yeast | n. | *bwan¹-ci |
| rice, broken | n. | *khu[r]⁴ |
| rice, flattened | n. | *roŋ¹-cu |
| rice, husked | n. | *mai¹-roŋ |
| rice, paddy, cooked rice | n. | *mai¹ |
| ride animal, vehicle | v.t. | *Ga[¹] |
| right-hand side | n. (cf. 'hand') | *yak-ra |
| ring | n. (cf. 'hand') | *yak-[s]tam |
| ripe, cooked | v.i. | *mɯn¹ |
| road, path | n. | *lam¹, *la¹-ma |
| roll up | v.t. | *thol² |
| roof | n. (cf. 'house') | *nok⁴-khum |
| roof, do roofing | v.t. | *lap |
| rot | v.i. | *Sao¹ |
| row (boat) | v.t. | *cao¹ |
| run, run away | v.i. | *khat |
| sacrifice, kill | v.t. | *that |
| saliva | n. (cf. 'mouth', 'water') | *khu³-dɯi |
| salt | n. (A) | *sɯm³ |
| salt | n. (B) | *kha¹-rɯi |
| salty, too salty | v.i. | *prap |
| sand | n. | *haŋ²-ceŋ |
| satisfied, eaten enough | v.i. | *bwo⁴-kha |
| say | v.t. | *hɯn¹ |
| scour | v.t. | *nat |
| scrape, clean | v.t. | *man[¹]-cV |
| scrape, shave | v.t. | *[h]rok- |
| see | v.t. | *nuk |
| seed for planting | n. | *ca²-lɯi |
| sell | v.t. | *phal¹ |
| send | v.t. | *phwa[]⁴ |
| set in place, as a trap | v.t. | *sa¹ |
| set up post | v.t. | *shoŋ¹ |
| seven | num. | *[ni⁴] |
| shade | n. | *S[]⁴-k[]um |
| shake, quiver | v.i. | *mao¹ |
| sharp, wounded | v.i. | *mat |
| sharpen, whet | v.t. | *bwɯl³ |
| shoot, of a tuber | n. | *phek |
| short | v.i. | *SVŋ¹ |
| shoulder | n. | *phak-kroŋ |
| sing | v.t. (A) | *ruŋ³ |
| sing | v.t. (B) | *ca⁴ |
| sink, fall to bottom | v.i. | *grVp |
| sister, elder | n. | *bi⁴ |
| sister, younger | n. | *na⁴-nao |
| sister-in-law, elder | n. | *bV¹-cɯi |
| sister-in-law, younger | n. | *sa¹-li |
| sit | v.i. | *a⁴-shoŋ |
| six | num. | *Dok |
| skin, peel, bark | n. | *Gur¹ |
| sky | n. | *raŋ⁴ |
| slender and long | adv. | *liŋ⁴ |
| smell bad | v.i. | *seŋ³ |
| smoke | n. (cf. 'fire') | *war²-khun-tɯi |
| smoke | v.t. | *muk |
| snake | n. | *cu⁴-pu |
| snatch, take away | v.t. | *sek |
| soak, make wet | v.t. | *Sɯm² |
| soda from ashes, curry, gravy | n. (cf. 'salt' B, 'water') | *khar[¹]-dɯi |
| soft | v.i. | *nom³ |
| sour | v.i. | *khɯi¹ |
| sow, scatter (seeds, etc.) | v.t. | *phu¹ |
| spirit, god | n. | *mɯ-Dai⁴ |
| spirit, life | n. | *[ci¹-u] |
| spotted, multicolored | adv. | *prɯm¹ |
| spouses, a couple | n. (cf. 'wife', 'husband') | *jɯk-Sai |
| spread out, mats, etc. | v.t. | *[]an¹ |
| sprinkle, scatter, as water or seeds | v.t. | *sat |
| stab, pierce, pound, strike | v.t. | *shu² |
| stand | v.i. | *diŋ¹ |
| stand, get up, from sitting or lying | v.i. | *[ci⁴-khat-] |
| star | n. | *[ha⁴-tV-khi] |
| step, tread, trample | v.t. | *ga² |
| stick, twig | n. | *kol² |
| stomach | n. cf. 'hungry' | *bwok |
| stone | n. | *loŋ² |
| stony land | n. | *grɯm¹ |
| straight | v.i. | *p[l]eŋ¹ |
| strength | n. | *bɯl¹ |
| stretch out, rope, etc.; build a bamboo bridge | v.t. | *Srɯŋ¹ |
| subordinating suffix | *-e⁰ | |
| suck | v.t. | *[Sɯp] |
| suckle, feed liquids | v.t. | *khan¹ |
| suddenly | adv. | *[t]ap³ |
| sufficient | v.i. | *thɯk |
| sun, day | n. | *sal¹ |
| swallow | v.t. | *mo⁴-nok |
| sweat, perspiration | n. | *lɯm⁴ |
| sweet | v.i. | *tɯi² |
| swell | v.i. (A) | *tuk |
| swell | v.i. (B) | *BV¹ |
| swoop down, carry off, of hawks | v.t. | *Srap |
| take away | v.t. | *laŋ² |
| take | v.t. | *la² |
| tall, high | v.i. | *cu¹ |
| tamarind | n. | *[cen⁴-tleŋ] |
| tartar of teeth | n. (cf. 'tooth', 'feces') | *wa³-khi |
| taste good, tasty | v.i. | *thao¹ |
| tear | v.i. | *ki⁴-ci |
| tear | v.t. | *cit |
| tears | n. (cf. 'eye', 'water') | *mɯk⁴-tɯi |
| thatch | v.t. | *thap |
| thick | v.i. | *rɯ⁴-ca |
| thin | v.i. | *pa² |
| thirsty | v.i. | *gaŋ² |
| this | dem. | *i⁴ |
| thorn | n. | *su² |
| thread | n. (cf. 'cotton') | *khul⁴-tuŋ |
| three | num. | *tham² |
| thresh by treading on grain stalks, massage | v.t. | *nak |
| through | adv. part. | *-phru⁴ |
| throw away, discard | v.t. | *kar¹ |
| throw, shoot | v.t. | *kao¹ |
| tie | v.t. | *kha¹ |
| tiger | n. | *mV⁴-sha |
| tip | n. | *cV[²] |
| tired | v.i. | *neŋ² |
| toe nail | n. (cf. 'toe', 'skin') | *ya²-si-kur |
| together, close | adv. | *grɯm³ |
| tongue | n. | *shV¹-lai |
| tooth | n. | *phwa¹-Gam |
| touch | v.t. (A) | *Daŋ¹ |
| touch, hit target, stick to | v.t. (B) | *naŋ¹ |
| transform, return | v.i. | *phil² |
| tree, cut tree, wood | n. (B) | *pol¹ |
| tree, standing tree, trunk, stem | n. (A) | *phaŋ³ |
| trembling shivering | adv. (B) | *dɯr³ |
| trembling, shivering | adv. (A) | *thVr[²] |
| trough | n. | *kh[r]oŋ⁴ |
| tuber, yam | n. | *tha² |
| turban | n. (A) (cf. 'head') | *khao⁴-[pVŋ] |
| turban | n. (B) | *pha⁴-Ga |
| two | num. (A) | *[ki⁴]-niŋ |
| two | num. (B) | *nɯi⁴ |
| uncle, father's elder brother | n. (cf. 'father') | *pha⁴-yoŋ |
| uncle, father's younger brother | n. | *bwaŋ¹ |
| untie | v.t. | *[]eŋ³ |
| up to, until | pp. | *[dɯ²-pV] |
| urinate | v.i. | *Su[²] |
| village | n. | *shoŋ¹ |
| voice | n. (A) (cf. 'mouth') | *khu²-raŋ |
| voice | n. (B) | *rao¹ |
| waist | n. (A) | *khaŋ² |
| waist | n. (B) | *seŋ² |
| waist | n. (C) | *siŋ² |
| warm hands by fire | v.i. | *haŋ¹ |
| wash | v.t. | *shu² |
| watch house | n. | *bo³-Raŋ |
| watch, guard | v.t. | *ne[t] |
| water | n. | *tɯi¹ |
| water-pot | n. | *kɯm³-bai |
| we | pro. | *ciŋ¹ |
| weaken | v.i. | *rop |
| wear (as shawl or shirt) | v.t. | *cun¹ |
| wear, put on | v.t. | *kan¹ |
| weave (cloth) | v.t. | *tak |
| weave (edge of basket) | v.t. | *khao¹ |
| weave bamboo basketry | v.t. | *bwat |
| weave, intertwine | v.t. | *[h]rVp |
| weed, remove weeds with a tool | v.t. | *taŋ¹ |
| wet | v.i. | *Si⁴ |
| what | q.w. | *ma⁴ |
| white | v.i. (A) | *bok |
| white | v.i. (B) | *phu[r]⁴ |
| who | q.w. | *shar¹ |
| widely spaced, sparse | v.i. | *heŋ² |
| wife | n. | *jɯk |
| willing, want to do | v.i. | *goŋ¹ |
| wind (thread) | v.t. | *phwan² |
| wind around, wrap | v.t. | *phan² |
| wind | n. | *par¹ |
| wing, feather | n. | *kraŋ¹ |
| winnow | v.t. | *cao¹ |
| winnow, wave | v.t. | *jip |
| woman, wife | n. | *mV²-cik |
| worm, insect, bug | n. | *yoŋ² |
| worn out | v.i. (cf. 'old') | *cam² |
| wrap in leaf, paper | v.t. | *cu² |
| year, last | n. | *kha⁴-lV |
| yesterday | n. | *mi¹-a |
| you (sg.) | pro. (A) | *na² |
| you (sg.) | pro. (B) | *naŋ² |
References
[edit]- Joseph, U.V., and Burling, Robbins. 2006. Comparative phonology of the Boro Garo languages. Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages Publication.