Appendix:Proto-Monic reconstructions
Appearance
The following list of reconstructed Proto-Monic, Proto-Mon, Proto-Nyah Kur forms is from Diffloth (1984).
List
[edit]No. | Form | Language | Gloss (1) | Gloss (2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
N1 | *kniiʔ | Proto-Monic | rat, mouse | rat |
N1.B | *khni̱iʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | rat | |
N1.A | *[k]hnɒ̱i̯ʔ | Proto-Mon | rat, mouse | |
N2 | *[c/s]naaʔ | Proto-Monic | a tree-shrew, Tupaia sp; /chənaaʔ nthɔ̤ɔk/ a chipmunk | |
N2.B | *ɕhna̱aʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | a tree-shrew, Tupaia sp; /chənaaʔ nthɔ̤ɔk/ a chipmunk | |
N3 | *klaaʔ | Proto-Monic | tiger, draughtsman | tiger: Panthera tigris corbetti, Mazak |
N3.B | *khla̱aʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | tiger: Panthera tigris corbetti, Mazak | |
N3.A | *kla̱ʔ | Proto-Mon | tiger, draughtsman | |
N4 | *klwaaʔ | Proto-Monic | bat | night-jar, Caprimulgus macrurus |
N4.B | *kəwa̱aʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | night-jar, Caprimulgus macrurus | |
N4.A | *kəwa̱ʔ | Proto-Mon | bat | |
N5 | *phɛɛʔ | Proto-Monic | otter: Lutra nair, F. Cuvier | otter: Lutra perspicillata, Geoffroy |
N5.B | *phɛ̱ɛʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | otter: Lutra perspicillata, Geoffroy | |
N5.A | *phɛ̱ʔ | Proto-Mon | otter: Lutra nair, F. Cuvier | |
N6 | *cliik | Proto-Monic | pig | domestic pig |
N6.B | *khli̱ic | Proto-Nyah Kur | domestic pig | |
N6.A | *glɤ̱i̯c | Proto-Mon | pig | |
N7 | *ciiŋ | Proto-Monic | elephant | elephant |
N7.B | *ci̱iɲ | Proto-Nyah Kur | elephant | |
N7.A | *cɤ̱i̯ɲ | Proto-Mon | elephant | |
N8 | *kndiiŋ | Proto-Monic | gaur: Bibos gaurus raedei, Lydekker | gaur: Bibos gaurus raedei, Lydekker |
N8.B | *kənti̤iɲ | Proto-Nyah Kur | gaur: Bibos gaurus raedei, Lydekker | |
N8.A | *kəlɤ̱i̯ɲ | Proto-Mon | gaur: Bibos gaurus raedei, Lydekker | |
N9 | *tɓuŋ | Proto-Monic | Sambhar deer: Rusa unicolor equinus, Cuvier | Sambhar deer: Rusa unicolor equinus, Cuvier |
N9.B | *thbu̱ŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | Sambhar deer: Rusa unicolor equinus, Cuvier | |
N9.A | *ɓɒ̱ɨ̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | Sambhar deer: Rusa unicolor equinus, Cuvier | |
N10 | *[r]maŋ | Proto-Monic | Brow-antlered deer: Rucervus thamin | Eld's deer: Cervus eldi siamensis, Lydekker |
N10.B | *ləma̤ŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | Eld's deer: Cervus eldi siamensis, Lydekker | |
N10.A | *mɛ̤a̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | Brow-antlered deer: Rucervus thamin | |
N11 | *priəŋ | Proto-Monic | water-buffalo | water-buffalo |
N11.B | *pri̱əŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | water-buffalo | |
N11.A | *pri̱ə̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | water-buffalo | |
N12 | *lmliəŋ | Proto-Monic | porcupine | porcupine: Hystrix hodgsoni, Gray |
N12.B | *ləmli̤aŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | porcupine: Hystrix hodgsoni, Gray | |
N12.A | *pəli̤ə̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | porcupine | |
N13 | *srit | Proto-Monic | rhinoceros | rhinoceros |
N13.B | *ɕrɯ̱t | Proto-Nyah Kur | rhinoceros | |
N13.A | *si̱t | Proto-Mon | rhinoceros | |
N14 | *kmu̱m | Proto-Monic | Himalayan black bear: Selenarctos tibetanus, Cuvier | Himalayan black bear: Selenarctos tibetanus, Cuvier |
N14.B | *khmu̱m | Proto-Nyah Kur | Himalayan black bear: Selenarctos tibetanus, Cuvier | |
N14.A | *[k]hmi̱m | Proto-Mon | Himalayan black bear: Selenarctos tibetanus, Cuvier | |
N15 | *ɟ()ləw | Proto-Monic | ox | buffalo |
N15.B | *khlə̤w | Proto-Nyah Kur | buffalo | |
N15.A | *klɛ̤ə̯ | Proto-Mon | ox | |
N16 | *clur | Proto-Monic | dog | dog |
N16.B | *[khl/ch]u̱r | Proto-Nyah Kur | dog | |
N16.A | *klə | Proto-Mon | dog | |
N17 | *pas | Proto-Monic | barking deer: Muntiacus muntjak and Muntiacus feae | barking deer: Muntiacus muntjak vaginalis, Lydekker |
N17.B | *pa̱j̊ | Proto-Nyah Kur | barking deer: Muntiacus muntjak vaginalis, Lydekker | |
N17.A | *pɔ̱h | Proto-Mon | barking deer: Muntiacus muntjak and Muntiacus feae | |
N18 | *knuuj | Proto-Monic | monkey | macaque (general term) |
N18.B | *khnu̱uj | Proto-Nyah Kur | macaque (general term) | |
N18.A | *[k]hnu̱i̯ | Proto-Mon | monkey | |
N19 | *ksɛh | Proto-Monic | horse | horse |
N19.B | *ɕɛ̱h | Proto-Nyah Kur | horse | |
N19.A | *khjɛ̱h | Proto-Mon | horse | |
N20 | *(ʔa)daa | Proto-Monic | duck (domestic) | duck (domestic) |
N20.B | *ta̤a | Proto-Nyah Kur | duck (domestic) | |
N20.A | *(ʔ/kə)ta̤ɛ̯ | Proto-Mon | duck (domestic) | |
N21 | *klʔaak | Proto-Monic | house-crow: Corvus splender, Vieillot | crow |
N21.B | *kəlʔa̱ak | Proto-Nyah Kur | crow | |
N21.A | *həɗa̱i̯c | Proto-Mon | house-crow: Corvus splender, Vieillot | |
N22 | *ʔ[m]blak | Proto-Monic | night-jar | night-jar (Caprimulgus macrurus?) |
N22.B | *bla̱k | Proto-Nyah Kur | night-jar (Caprimulgus macrurus?) | |
N22.A | *ʔəplɛ̤a̯k | Proto-Mon | night-jar | |
N23 | *liŋ-liəŋ | Proto-Monic | kite | hawk: Spizaetus sp. |
N23.B | *liŋ-li̤aŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | hawk: Spizaetus sp. | |
N23.A | *kəni̤ə̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | kite | |
N24 | *tjaaŋ | Proto-Monic | domestic fowl: Gallus gallus | domestic fowl: Gallus gallus |
N24.B | *chja̱aŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | domestic fowl: Gallus gallus | |
N24.A | *ca̱i̯ɲ | Proto-Mon | domestic fowl: Gallus gallus | |
N25 | *kreeɲ | Proto-Monic | a parrot: Psittacula eupatria avensis, Kloss | a parrot: Psittacula sp.; P. finschii? |
N25.B | *krə̱əɲ | Proto-Nyah Kur | a parrot: Psittacula sp.; P. finschii? | |
N25.A | *krʌ̱i̯ɲ | Proto-Mon | a parrot: Psittacula eupatria avensis, Kloss | |
N26 | *cgɯt | Proto-Monic | quail: Coturnix sp. | quail: Coturnix sp. |
N26.B | *cəkɯ̤t | Proto-Nyah Kur | quail: Coturnix sp. | |
N26.A | *hək[i̤/ɯ̤]t | Proto-Mon | quail: Coturnix sp. | |
N27 | *t-[m]-maat | Proto-Monic | vulture: (Pseudogyps bengalensis?) | vulture: (Pseudogyps bengalensis?) |
N27.B | *tə(m)ma̱at | Proto-Nyah Kur | vulture: (Pseudogyps bengalensis?) | |
N27.A | *[k]əma̱t | Proto-Mon | vulture: (Pseudogyps bengalensis?) | |
N28 | *mit | Proto-Monic | turmeric plant | an oriole (Oriole chinensis?, literally "turmeric (bird)") |
N28.B | *mɯ̤t | Proto-Nyah Kur | an oriole (Oriole chinensis?, literally "turmeric (bird)") | |
N28.A | *mi̤t | Proto-Mon | turmeric plant | |
N29 | *prgum | Proto-Monic | Burmese green pigeon: Crocopus phoenicopterus viridifrons | |
N29.B | *pərkṳm | Proto-Nyah Kur | Burmese green pigeon: Crocopus phoenicopterus viridifrons | |
N29.A | *həkə̤m | Proto-Mon | ||
N30 | *kɲciəm | Proto-Monic | bird, general term | bird, general term |
N30.B | *kəɲci̱am | Proto-Nyah Kur | bird, general term | |
N30.A | *həce̱m | Proto-Mon | bird, general term | |
N31 | *t[]wa(a)w | Proto-Monic | koel, black cuckoo | koel, black cuckoo: Eudynamis scolopacea malayana, Cabanic and Meine |
N31.B | *t()wa̱w | Proto-Nyah Kur | koel, black cuckoo: Eudynamis scolopacea malayana, Cabanic and Meine | |
N31.A | *kəwa̱o̯ | Proto-Mon | koel, black cuckoo | |
N32 | *puur | Proto-Monic | dove | turtle-dove: Streptopelia orientalis, (S. chinensis?) |
N32.B | *pu̱ur | Proto-Nyah Kur | turtle-dove: Streptopelia orientalis, (S. chinensis?) | |
N32.A | *pɒ̱u̯ | Proto-Mon | dove | |
N33 | *tɲɟuuʔ | Proto-Monic | maggot | worm, caterpillar (general term) |
N33.B | *kəɲcṳuʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | worm, caterpillar (general term) | |
N33.A | *kəjɒ̱u̯ʔ | Proto-Mon | maggot | |
N34 | *sdɛɛʔ | Proto-Monic | cockroach | cicada; /chəthɛ̤ɛʔ thṳuŋ/ cockroach, Periplaneta sp. |
N34.B | *ɕətɛ̤ɛʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | cicada; /chəthɛ̤ɛʔ thṳuŋ/ cockroach, Periplaneta sp. | |
N34.A | *həte̤ʔ | Proto-Mon | cockroach | |
N35 | *huŋ | Proto-Monic | hornet | a wasp which nests in trees, (Vespidae) |
N35.B | *hu̱ŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | a wasp which nests in trees, (Vespidae) | |
N35.A | *hɒ̱ɨ̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | hornet | |
N36 | *smɔɔc | Proto-Monic | ant (general term) | ant (general term) |
N36.B | *ɕhmu̱ac | Proto-Nyah Kur | ant (general term) | |
N36.A | *həmo̱t | Proto-Mon | ant (general term) | |
N37 | *druuɲ | Proto-Monic | termite (general term) | termite (general term) |
N37.B | *thrṳuɲ | Proto-Nyah Kur | termite (general term) | |
N37.A | *krṳn | Proto-Mon | termite (general term) | |
N38 | *cgit | Proto-Monic | bedbug: Cimex sp. | bedbug: Cimex sp. |
N38.B | *cəkɯ̤t | Proto-Nyah Kur | bedbug: Cimex sp. | |
N38.A | *həki̤t | Proto-Mon | bedbug: Cimex sp. | |
N39 | *tmrɔɔt | Proto-Monic | kind of bee nesting in hollow tree | honey-bee: Apis indica |
N39.B | *təmru̱at | Proto-Nyah Kur | honey-bee: Apis indica | |
N39.A | *həro̤t | Proto-Mon | kind of bee nesting in hollow tree | |
N40 | *kntap | Proto-Monic | grasshopper (Acrididae) | grasshopper (Acrididae) |
N40.B | *kənta̱p | Proto-Nyah Kur | grasshopper (Acrididae) | |
N40.A | *hətɔ̱p | Proto-Mon | grasshopper (Acrididae) | |
N41 | *(-)ksaw | Proto-Monic | red ant | red ant |
N41.B | *ɕa̱w | Proto-Nyah Kur | red ant | |
N41.A | *[k]əcha̱o̯ | Proto-Mon | red ant | |
N42 | *plaar | Proto-Monic | large kind of horsefly | horsefly etc. |
N42.B | *phla̱ar | Proto-Nyah Kur | horsefly etc. | |
N42.A | *pla̱ | Proto-Mon | large kind of horsefly | |
N43 | *thɔɔr | Proto-Monic | kind of hornet | small yellow wasps, nest in trees, (Vespidae) |
N43.B | *thu̱ar | Proto-Nyah Kur | small yellow wasps, nest in trees, (Vespidae) | |
N43.A | *tho̱ | Proto-Mon | kind of hornet | |
N44 | *caj | Proto-Monic | louse | parasite (human or animal, head or body); general term |
N44.B | *ca̱j | Proto-Nyah Kur | parasite (human or animal, head or body); general term | |
N44.A | *cɒ̱ɛ̯ | Proto-Mon | louse | |
N45 | *ruuj | Proto-Monic | housefly | housefly |
N45.B | *rṳuj | Proto-Nyah Kur | housefly | |
N45.A | *rṳi̯ | Proto-Mon | housefly | |
N46 | *saaj | Proto-Monic | bee | bee: Apis dorsata |
N46.B | *ɕa̱aj | Proto-Nyah Kur | bee: Apis dorsata | |
N46.A | *sa̱i̯ | Proto-Mon | bee | |
N47 | *kaaʔ | Proto-Monic | fish (general term) | fish (general term) |
N47.B | *ka̱aʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | fish (general term) | |
N47.A | *ka̱ʔ | Proto-Mon | fish (general term) | |
N48 | *dwiiʔ | Proto-Monic | fresh-water turtle | freshwater soft-shelled tortoise: Trionyx cartilageneus |
N48.B | *[c/t]həwi̤iʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | freshwater soft-shelled tortoise: Trionyx cartilageneus | |
N48.A | *kwi̤ʔ | Proto-Mon | fresh-water turtle | |
N49 | *knlooʔ | Proto-Monic | shellfish, shell | snail, shellfish |
N49.B | *kənlo̱oʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | snail, shellfish | |
N49.A | *kənɒ̱u̯ʔ | Proto-Mon | shellfish, shell | |
N50 | *doŋ-nooŋ | Proto-Monic | small variety of eel | a freshwater eel: Fluta alba, Zuiew |
N50.B | *kənto̤oŋ ~ *tṳŋ-to̤oŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | a freshwater eel: Fluta alba, Zuiew | |
N50.A | *hələ̤ɨ̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | small variety of eel | |
N51 | *knlɔɔn | Proto-Monic | immature banded snakehead | snakehead fish: Ophiocephalus striatus |
N51.B | *kənlu̱an | Proto-Nyah Kur | snakehead fish: Ophiocephalus striatus | |
N51.A | *kəno̤n | Proto-Mon | immature banded snakehead | |
N52 | *kntaam | Proto-Monic | fresh-water crab | fresh-water crab |
N52.B | *kənta̱am | Proto-Nyah Kur | fresh-water crab | |
N52.A | *həta̱m | Proto-Mon | fresh-water crab | |
N53 | *c()jaam | Proto-Monic | crocodile | crocodile |
N53.B | *khəja̱am | Proto-Nyah Kur | crocodile | |
N53.A | *cja̱m | Proto-Mon | crocodile | |
N54 | *ŋgaaw | Proto-Monic | frog, toad | small green frog (general term) |
N54.B | *ka̤aw | Proto-Nyah Kur | small green frog (general term) | |
N54.A | *ŋɛ̤ə̯ | Proto-Mon | frog, toad | |
N55 | *ŋguj | Proto-Monic | prawn, crayfish | freshwater shrimp |
N55.B | *kṳj | Proto-Nyah Kur | freshwater shrimp | |
N55.A | *ŋṳi̯ | Proto-Mon | prawn, crayfish | |
N56 | *trkɔɔt | Proto-Monic | Varanus | ground monitor: Varanus nebulosus |
N56.B | *təku̱at | Proto-Nyah Kur | ground monitor: Varanus nebulosus | |
N56.A | *həko̱t | Proto-Mon | Varanus | |
N57 | *klan | Proto-Monic | python | python |
N57.B | *khla̱n | Proto-Nyah Kur | python | |
N57.A | *klɔ̱n | Proto-Mon | python | |
N58 | *ɟroom | Proto-Monic | snake, general term | snake, general term |
N58.B | *chro̤om | Proto-Nyah Kur | snake, general term | |
N58.A | *sṳm | Proto-Mon | snake, general term | |
N59 | *klam | Proto-Monic | land leech | land leech |
N59.B | *khla̱m | Proto-Nyah Kur | land leech | |
N59.A | *klɔ̱m | Proto-Mon | land leech | |
N60 | *gir-giir | Proto-Monic | red centipede | red centipede |
N60.B | *ki̤r-ki̤ir | Proto-Nyah Kur | red centipede | |
N60.A | *həki̤ | Proto-Mon | red centipede | |
N61 | *maaʔ | Proto-Monic | seed, kernel, pill, round object (e.g. letters of the Mon alphabet) | seeds kept aside for planting; females of domestic animals kept for reproduction |
N61.B | *ma̤aʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | seeds kept aside for planting; females of domestic animals kept for reproduction | |
N61.A | *mɛ̤ə̯ʔ | Proto-Mon | seed, kernel, pill, round object (e.g. letters of the Mon alphabet) | |
N62 | *ɟrlaaʔ | Proto-Monic | thorn; (occurs in names of thorny plants) | thorn; thorny bamboo: Bambusa arundinacea |
N62.B | *chəla̤aʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | thorn; thorny bamboo: Bambusa arundinacea | |
N62.A | *həlɛ̤ə̯ʔ | Proto-Mon | thorn; (occurs in names of thorny plants) | |
N63 | *slaaʔ | Proto-Monic | leaf, leaf-like object, object with broad flat surface | leaf |
N63.B | *ɕhla̱aʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | leaf | |
N63.A | *hla̱ʔ | Proto-Mon | leaf, leaf-like object, object with broad flat surface | |
N64 | *chuuʔ | Proto-Monic | tree, log, wood, timber | wood, i.e. ligneous substance; stick of wood (used e.g. for guiding cattle); in many compounds |
N64.B | *chu̱uʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | wood, i.e. ligneous substance; stick of wood (used e.g. for guiding cattle); in many compounds | |
N64.A | *chu̱ʔ | Proto-Mon | tree, log, wood, timber | |
N65 | *ɟook | Proto-Monic | string, cord, rope, lashing; creeper; bundle of twenty-four palm leaves tied together | creeper, vine, rope; hundred |
N65.B | *co̤ok | Proto-Nyah Kur | creeper, vine, rope; hundred | |
N65.A | *cə̤ɨ̯k | Proto-Mon | string, cord, rope, lashing; creeper; bundle of twenty-four palm leaves tied together | |
N66 | *ksɔk | Proto-Monic | straw, especially rice-straw | straw; harvested part of a cereal, without the grain, e.g. corncob, rice-stalk |
N66.B | *ɕɔ̱k | Proto-Nyah Kur | straw; harvested part of a cereal, without the grain, e.g. corncob, rice-stalk | |
N66.A | *chɔ̱k | Proto-Mon | straw, especially rice-straw | |
N67 | *[t/c]ŋkɔɔŋ | Proto-Monic | ear of grain; piece of semi-precious stone, lump of metal, nugget | ear (of rice or millet) |
N67.B | *()ŋkɔ̱ɔŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | ear (of rice or millet) | |
N67.A | *həko̱ŋ | Proto-Mon | ear of grain; piece of semi-precious stone, lump of metal, nugget | |
N68 | *tɓaŋ | Proto-Monic | bamboo-shoot | bamboo-shoot |
N68.B | *thba̱ŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | bamboo-shoot | |
N68.A | *ɓa̱ŋ | Proto-Mon | bamboo-shoot | |
N69 | *sac | Proto-Monic | fruit, nut, berry; areca nut; head, blade of tool | fruit, nut, acorn, pod |
N69.B | *ɕɛ̱c | Proto-Nyah Kur | fruit, nut, acorn, pod | |
N69.A | *sɔ̱t | Proto-Mon | fruit, nut, berry; areca nut; head, blade of tool | |
N70 | *duuɲ | Proto-Monic | bamboo, bamboo plant, length of bamboo; can be followed by species name | bamboo; general term, can be followed by species name |
N70.B | *tṳuɲ | Proto-Nyah Kur | bamboo; general term, can be followed by species name | |
N70.A | *tṳn | Proto-Mon | bamboo, bamboo plant, length of bamboo; can be followed by species name | |
N71 | *kmbat | Proto-Monic | grass, weeds; can be followed by species name to refer to grass-like plants, some edible or medicinal | grass; any grass-like plant, including sugar cane, elephant-grass, rice, lemon-grass |
N71.B | *kəmpa̤t | Proto-Nyah Kur | grass; any grass-like plant, including sugar cane, elephant-grass, rice, lemon-grass | |
N71.A | *kəmo̱t | Proto-Mon | grass, weeds; can be followed by species name to refer to grass-like plants, some edible or medicinal | |
N72 | *grəp | Proto-Monic | forest, jungle; wild (in compounds with names of animals) | secondary forest, with dense bushy undergrowth, even a dog cannot go there to defecate (sic); contrasted with 'primary forest', and 'thinned out forest with grass undergrowth'; in compounds with animal names 'wild' |
N72.B | *khrə̤p | Proto-Nyah Kur | secondary forest, with dense bushy undergrowth, even a dog cannot go there to defecate (sic); contrasted with 'primary forest', and 'thinned out forest with grass undergrowth'; in compounds with animal names 'wild' | |
N72.A | *krə̤p | Proto-Mon | forest, jungle; wild (in compounds with names of animals) | |
N73 | *(cŋ)kaam | Proto-Monic | chaff, bran, husks of paddy | husks (of rice, millet) separated from the seed |
N73.B | *()ŋka̱am | Proto-Nyah Kur | husks (of rice, millet) separated from the seed | |
N73.A | *ka̱m | Proto-Mon | chaff, bran, husks of paddy | |
N74 | *tam | Proto-Monic | foot of tree; beginning; capital, principal on which interest is paid | tree-base and trunk; solid part of a hair which is planted in a scalp; base of nail, embedded in flesh; individual tree; prefix used before tree names |
N74.B | *ta̱m | Proto-Nyah Kur | tree-base and trunk; solid part of a hair which is planted in a scalp; base of nail, embedded in flesh; individual tree; prefix used before tree names | |
N74.A | *tɔ̱m | Proto-Mon | foot of tree; beginning; capital, principal on which interest is paid | |
N75 | *t-n-am | Proto-Monic | prefix used before tree names | |
N75.A | *hnɔ̱m | Proto-Mon | prefix used before tree names | |
N76 | *pkaaw | Proto-Monic | flower | flower; to flower; /ka̱aw kəma̱t/ sparks of fire |
N76.B | *ka̱aw | Proto-Nyah Kur | flower; to flower; /ka̱aw kəma̱t/ sparks of fire | |
N76.A | *ka̱o̯ | Proto-Mon | flower | |
N77 | *cŋkɔɔr | Proto-Monic | bark of tree, fibrous outer husk of coconuts | exterior envelope of vegetals, e.g. rice-husk (when not removed from grain), outer skin of coconuts (but not the fiber beneath), tree-bark, fruit-peel |
N77.B | *cəŋku̱ar | Proto-Nyah Kur | exterior envelope of vegetals, e.g. rice-husk (when not removed from grain), outer skin of coconuts (but not the fiber beneath), tree-bark, fruit-peel | |
N77.A | *həko̱ | Proto-Mon | bark of tree, fibrous outer husk of coconuts | |
N78 | *lmɓar | Proto-Monic | young sapling, shoot, emerging leaf | main shoot, e.g. of coconut tree, rattans, palms, usually edible |
N78.B | *()mba̱r | Proto-Nyah Kur | main shoot, e.g. of coconut tree, rattans, palms, usually edible | |
N78.A | *[k]əmo̱ | Proto-Mon | young sapling, shoot, emerging leaf | |
N79 | *t[l]gəl | Proto-Monic | stump (of tree, of tooth) | stump (of tree, of branch, of mushroom); stub (of rice-plant, of unshaven beard or monk's hair) |
N79.B | *təkə̤l | Proto-Nyah Kur | stump (of tree, of branch, of mushroom); stub (of rice-plant, of unshaven beard or monk's hair) | |
N79.A | *həkə̤ | Proto-Mon | stump (of tree, of tooth) | |
N80 | *ptis | Proto-Monic | mushroom, mildew | mushroom (all kinds: growing on earth, on trees, on logs); mildew |
N80.B | *pəti̱h | Proto-Nyah Kur | mushroom (all kinds: growing on earth, on trees, on logs); mildew | |
N80.A | *pətɒ̱ɨ̯h | Proto-Mon | mushroom, mildew | |
N81 | *ris | Proto-Monic | root | root (including mushroom 'roots', hair-roots; excluding aerial roots of banyan trees) |
N81.B | *ri̤h | Proto-Nyah Kur | root (including mushroom 'roots', hair-roots; excluding aerial roots of banyan trees) | |
N81.A | *rə̤h | Proto-Mon | root | |
N82 | *ksɔɔj | Proto-Monic | grass, weed, hay | useless fiber, e.g. bamboo shavings, fibrous base of palm-fronds, hay, loose pieces of thread, shredded rags, dead hair caught in a comb |
N82.B | *ɕuaj | Proto-Nyah Kur | useless fiber, e.g. bamboo shavings, fibrous base of palm-fronds, hay, loose pieces of thread, shredded rags, dead hair caught in a comb | |
N82.A | *chu̱ə̯ | Proto-Mon | grass, weed, hay | |
N83 | *kɟiiʔ | Proto-Monic | Upas tree; Antiaris toxicaria, Leschenault; poison; pain | arrow-poison, from the sap of a tree called /yaaŋ nɔ̂ɔŋ/ in /thai |
N83.B | *kəci̤iʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | arrow-poison, from the sap of a tree called /yaaŋ nɔ̂ɔŋ/ in /thai | |
N83.A | *kji̤ʔ | Proto-Mon | Upas tree; Antiaris toxicaria, Leschenault; poison; pain | |
N84 | *cwooʔ | Proto-Monic | thatching grass | thatching grass: Imperata cylindrica, Beauv. |
N84.B | *chwo̱oʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | thatching grass: Imperata cylindrica, Beauv. | |
N84.A | *khwɒ̱ɨ̯ʔ | Proto-Mon | thatching grass | |
N85 | *ɟnlɛɛʔ | Proto-Monic | creeper with large disk-shaped seeds: Entada scandens, Bentham; Entada seed, or wooden or bone counter; used in a game in which seeds set upright in a row are knocked down with others variously projected; /mɛ̤ʔ- -ɓɔ̱ŋ/ kneecap etc. | Entada bean, St. Thomas's bean: Entada pursathea, DC; seeds of Entada bean; a game played with these seeds; /-kbɔ̱ŋ/ kneecap etc. |
N85.B | *khənlɛ̤ɛʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | Entada bean, St. Thomas's bean: Entada pursathea, DC; seeds of Entada bean; a game played with these seeds; /-kbɔ̱ŋ/ kneecap etc. | |
N85.A | *həne̤ʔ | Proto-Mon | creeper with large disk-shaped seeds: Entada scandens, Bentham; Entada seed, or wooden or bone counter; used in a game in which seeds set upright in a row are knocked down with others variously projected; /mɛ̤ʔ- -ɓɔ̱ŋ/ kneecap etc. | |
N86 | *srooʔ | Proto-Monic | paddy, standing crop of paddy, unhusked grain of rice plant | rice-plant: Oryza sativa, Linn. |
N86.B | *ɕro̱oʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | rice-plant: Oryza sativa, Linn. | |
N86.A | *sɒ̱ɨ̯ʔ | Proto-Mon | paddy, standing crop of paddy, unhusked grain of rice plant | |
N87 | *[s]a-bluuʔ | Proto-Monic | betel leaf; areca nut wrappen in leaf of Piper betle for chewing | betel vine: Piper betle, Linn.; betel leaf |
N87.B | *ʔa-phlṳʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | betel vine: Piper betle, Linn.; betel leaf | |
N87.A | *həplṳʔ | Proto-Mon | betel leaf; areca nut wrappen in leaf of Piper betle for chewing | |
N88 | *mbaak | Proto-Monic | Job's tears: Coix lacryma-jobi, Linn. | Job's tears: Coix lacryma-jobi, Linn. |
N88.B | *pa̤ak | Proto-Nyah Kur | Job's tears: Coix lacryma-jobi, Linn. | |
N88.A | *ma̤i̯c | Proto-Mon | Job's tears: Coix lacryma-jobi, Linn. | |
N89 | *trook | Proto-Monic | mango: Mangifera indica, Linn. | mango: Mangifera indica, Linn. |
N89.B | *tro̱ok | Proto-Nyah Kur | mango: Mangifera indica, Linn. | |
N89.A | *krʌ̱ɨ̯k | Proto-Mon | mango: Mangifera indica, Linn. | |
N90 | *trʔɔɔŋ | Proto-Monic | egg-plant: Solanum melongena, Linn. | egg-plant, general term for Solanum spp. |
N90.B | *tərʔɔ̱ɔŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | egg-plant, general term for Solanum spp. | |
N90.A | *həɗɔ̱ŋ | Proto-Mon | egg-plant: Solanum melongena, Linn. | |
N91 | *lwaaŋ | Proto-Monic | mint: Ocimum villosum, Roxburgh | Basil, general term used for several aromatic herbs used in cooking and cultivated around the house |
N91.B | *ləwa̤aŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | Basil, general term used for several aromatic herbs used in cooking and cultivated around the house | |
N91.A | *wa̤i̯ɲ | Proto-Mon | mint: Ocimum villosum, Roxburgh | |
N92 | *kriəŋ | Proto-Monic | Eugenia tree, general term for E. spp. | Eugenia tree: Eugenia cumini, Druce |
N92.B | *kri̱aŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | Eugenia tree: Eugenia cumini, Druce | |
N92.A | *kri̱ə̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | Eugenia tree, general term for E. spp. | |
N93 | *g[]jaaŋ | Proto-Monic | wood-oil tree: Dipterocarpus turbinatus, Gaertner f. | wood-oil tree: Dipterocarpus alatus, Roxb. (identified by Smitinand, 1980:126) |
N93.B | *khəja̤aŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | wood-oil tree: Dipterocarpus alatus, Roxb. (identified by Smitinand, 1980:126) | |
N93.A | *həja̤i̯ɲ | Proto-Mon | wood-oil tree: Dipterocarpus turbinatus, Gaertner f. | |
N94 | *mit | Proto-Monic | turmeric: Curcuma domestica, Valeton | turmeric: Curcuma domestica, Valeton |
N94.B | *mɯ̤t | Proto-Nyah Kur | turmeric: Curcuma domestica, Valeton | |
N94.A | *mi̤t | Proto-Mon | turmeric: Curcuma domestica, Valeton | |
N95 | *braat | Proto-Monic | banana: Musa spp. | banana: Musa spp. |
N95.B | *phra̤at | Proto-Nyah Kur | banana: Musa spp. | |
N95.A | *pra̤t | Proto-Mon | banana: Musa spp. | |
N96 | *sit-siət | Proto-Monic | large timber tree, Pentace burmanica, Kurz. | Burmese mahogany: Pantace burmanica, Kurz. |
N96.B | *ɕit-ɕi̱at | Proto-Nyah Kur | Burmese mahogany: Pantace burmanica, Kurz. | |
N96.A | *kəsə̱t | Proto-Mon | large timber tree, Pentace burmanica, Kurz. | |
N97 | *klwaan | Proto-Monic | Cinnamon: Cinnamomum sp. | a tree: Berrya mollis, Wall. ex. Kurz. |
N97.B | *kəlwa̱an | Proto-Nyah Kur | a tree: Berrya mollis, Wall. ex. Kurz. | |
N97.A | *kəwa̱n | Proto-Mon | Cinnamon: Cinnamomum sp. | |
N98 | *lŋaw | Proto-Monic | sesame: Sesamum indicum, Linn. | sesame: Sesamum indicum, Linn. |
N98.B | *ləŋa̤w | Proto-Nyah Kur | sesame: Sesamum indicum, Linn. | |
N98.A | *[]əŋɛ̤ə̯ | Proto-Mon | sesame: Sesamum indicum, Linn. | |
N99 | *[t]ɓaw | Proto-Monic | sugar-cane: Saccharum officinarum, Linn. | sugar-cane: Saccharum officinarum, Linn. |
N99.B | *ba̱w | Proto-Nyah Kur | sugar-cane: Saccharum officinarum, Linn. | |
N99.A | *ɓa̱o̯ | Proto-Mon | sugar-cane: Saccharum officinarum, Linn. | |
N100 | *traw | Proto-Monic | arum; /kra̱o mɔ̱Ɂ/ Colocasia indica etc. | taro: Colocasia esculenta, Schott |
N100.B | *tra̱w | Proto-Nyah Kur | taro: Colocasia esculenta, Schott | |
N100.A | *kra̱o̯ | Proto-Mon | arum; /kra̱o mɔ̱Ɂ/ Colocasia indica etc. | |
N101 | *braaw | Proto-Monic | coconut: Cocos nucifera, Linn. | coconut: Cocos nucifera, Linn. |
N101.B | *m-phra̤aw | Proto-Nyah Kur | coconut: Cocos nucifera, Linn. | |
N101.A | *prɛ̤ə̯ | Proto-Mon | coconut: Cocos nucifera, Linn. | |
N102 | *cmpiir | Proto-Monic | pumpkin: Cucurbita sp. | pumpkin: Cucurbita sp. |
N102.B | *cəmpi̱ir | Proto-Nyah Kur | pumpkin: Cucurbita sp. | |
N102.A | *həpi̱ | Proto-Mon | pumpkin: Cucurbita sp. | |
N103 | *[k]ʔiil | Proto-Monic | hog-plum: Spondias mangifera, Willdenow etc. | hog-plum: Spondias pinnata, Kurz. |
N103.B | *[kh]əʔi̱il | Proto-Nyah Kur | hog-plum: Spondias pinnata, Kurz. | |
N103.A | *ʔi̱ | Proto-Mon | hog-plum: Spondias mangifera, Willdenow etc. | |
N104 | *kʔɯl | Proto-Monic | cucumber | common cucumber: Cucumis sativus, Linn. |
N104.B | *keʔɯ̱l | Proto-Nyah Kur | common cucumber: Cucumis sativus, Linn. | |
N104.A | *həʔi̱ | Proto-Mon | cucumber | |
N105 | *tɔɔl | Proto-Monic | cotton, cotton plant, cotton thread | cotton, cotton plant, cotton thread |
N105.B | *tu̱al | Proto-Nyah Kur | cotton, cotton plant, cotton thread | |
N105.A | *to̱ | Proto-Mon | cotton, cotton plant, cotton thread | |
N106 | *lul | Proto-Monic | gourd | gourd: Lagenaria siceraria, Standl. (= L. vulgaris, Ser.) |
N106.B | *lṳl | Proto-Nyah Kur | gourd: Lagenaria siceraria, Standl. (= L. vulgaris, Ser.) | |
N106.A | *lə̤ | Proto-Mon | gourd | |
N107 | *kwaaj | Proto-Monic | yam: Dioscorea hispida; in compounds: cassava and other edible tubers | sweet potato: Ipomea batatas, Lamk. |
N107.B | *khwa̱aj | Proto-Nyah Kur | sweet potato: Ipomea batatas, Lamk. | |
N107.A | *kwa̱i̯ | Proto-Mon | yam: Dioscorea hispida; in compounds: cassava and other edible tubers | |
N108 | *ɟrəj | Proto-Monic | pipal, Bo-tree: Ficus religiosa, Linn. | banyan tree: Ficus bengalensis, Linn. |
N108.B | *chrə̤j | Proto-Nyah Kur | banyan tree: Ficus bengalensis, Linn. | |
N108.A | *sɔ̤e̯ | Proto-Mon | pipal, Bo-tree: Ficus religiosa, Linn. | |
N109 | *trluuj | Proto-Monic | emblic myrobolan tree: Phyllanthus emblica, Linn. | tamarind: Tamarindus indica, Linn. |
N109.B | *təlu̱uj | Proto-Nyah Kur | tamarind: Tamarindus indica, Linn. | |
N109.A | *kəlu̱i̯ | Proto-Mon | emblic myrobolan tree: Phyllanthus emblica, Linn. | |
N110 | *kɔɔʔ | Proto-Monic | neck | neck; the narrowed part of a long object (e.g. wrist, ankle, neck of a gourd) |
N110.B | *kɔ̱ɔʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | neck; the narrowed part of a long object (e.g. wrist, ankle, neck of a gourd) | |
N110.A | *kɔ̱ʔ | Proto-Mon | neck | |
N111 | *prtaaʔ | Proto-Monic | tail of animal or reptile | tail, including fish-tail, tail of birds, snakes ...; end of loin-cloth; /pəta̱aʔ khla̱aŋ/ triangular part of a roof |
N111.B | *pəta̱aʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | tail, including fish-tail, tail of birds, snakes ...; end of loin-cloth; /pəta̱aʔ khla̱aŋ/ triangular part of a roof | |
N111.A | *həta̱ʔ | Proto-Mon | tail of animal or reptile | |
N112 | *cɗaaʔ | Proto-Monic | hand-span, a unit of length | hand-span, a unit of length |
N112.B | *cəda̱aʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | hand-span, a unit of length | |
N112.A | *ɗa̱ʔ | Proto-Mon | hand-span, a unit of length | |
N113 | *ɟwaaʔ | Proto-Monic | corpse, human or animal | corpse, human or animal |
N113.B | *chəwa̤aʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | corpse, human or animal | |
N113.A | *khwɛ̤ə̯ʔ | Proto-Mon | corpse, human or animal | |
N114 | *ŋiək | Proto-Monic | tooth, weaver's reed | tooth, animal or human; tooth of a saw |
N114.B | *ŋi̤ak | Proto-Nyah Kur | tooth, animal or human; tooth of a saw | |
N114.A | *ŋi̤ə̯k | Proto-Mon | tooth, weaver's reed | |
N115 | *kintaak | Proto-Monic | tongue | tongue (animal, human); reed (of oboe) |
N115.B | *kənta̱ak | Proto-Nyah Kur | tongue (animal, human); reed (of oboe) | |
N115.A | *kənta̱i̯c | Proto-Mon | tongue | |
N116 | *kmak | Proto-Monic | male (animal, bird, etc.) | male, only for animals |
N116.B | *khma̱k | Proto-Nyah Kur | male, only for animals | |
N116.A | *[]hma̱k | Proto-Mon | male (animal, bird, etc.) | |
N117 | *knlak | Proto-Monic | popliteal space; /pa̱iŋ nɛ̱k/ armpit etc. | armpit |
N117.B | *kənla̱k | Proto-Nyah Kur | armpit | |
N117.A | *(kə)na̱k | Proto-Mon | popliteal space; /pa̱iŋ nɛ̱k/ armpit etc. | |
N118 | *sɔɔk | Proto-Monic | head hair, body hair | hair; /ɲchṳuɁ chɔ̱ɔk/ caterpillar etc. |
N118.B | *ɕɔ̱ɔk | Proto-Nyah Kur | hair; /ɲchṳuɁ chɔ̱ɔk/ caterpillar etc. | |
N118.A | *so̱k | Proto-Mon | head hair, body hair | |
N119 | *sɔk-sɔɔk | Proto-Monic | body hair, hair of animals, fur, porcupine quills, feathers; /Ɂəma̱Ɂ kəso̱k/ caterpillar | human body hair, animal fur, porcupine quills, hair of corn or beans |
N119.B | *ɕɔk-ɕɔ̱ɔk | Proto-Nyah Kur | human body hair, animal fur, porcupine quills, hair of corn or beans | |
N119.A | *kəso̱k | Proto-Mon | body hair, hair of animals, fur, porcupine quills, feathers; /Ɂəma̱Ɂ kəso̱k/ caterpillar | |
N120 | *ɟuŋ | Proto-Monic | lower limb, leg, foot; edge, vicinity | foot, not including the leg or the lower leg; foot of mushroom, i.e. the lower part of the stem; foot of a hill, of furniture.... |
N120.B | *cṳŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | foot, not including the leg or the lower leg; foot of mushroom, i.e. the lower part of the stem; foot of a hill, of furniture.... | |
N120.A | *ca̤ɨ̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | lower limb, leg, foot; edge, vicinity | |
N121 | *s/cniəŋ | Proto-Monic | wing, feather, fin | wing, fin |
N121.B | *chəni̱aŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | wing, fin | |
N121.A | *hni̱ə̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | wing, feather, fin | |
N122 | *paaŋ | Proto-Monic | mouth, mouthful, quantifier for speech | mouth (human, animal); opening (of a jar, a basket, a snail-shell...); entrance (to a cave, a dense forest...); doorway |
N122.B | *pa̱aŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | mouth (human, animal); opening (of a jar, a basket, a snail-shell...); entrance (to a cave, a dense forest...); doorway | |
N122.A | *pa̱i̯ɲ | Proto-Mon | mouth, mouthful, quantifier for speech | |
N123 | *bu[u]ŋ | Proto-Monic | belly, abdomen, central cavity | belly (of humans, animals, jars, baskets, boats...; pouch-shaped internal organ |
N123.B | *pṳŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | belly (of humans, animals, jars, baskets, boats...; pouch-shaped internal organ | |
N123.A | *pə̤ɨ̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | belly, abdomen, central cavity | |
N124 | *kɓɔŋ | Proto-Monic | knee | knee; joint of grasshopper's hind leg |
N124.B | *khbɔ̱ŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | knee; joint of grasshopper's hind leg | |
N124.A | *ɓɔ̱ŋ | Proto-Mon | knee | |
N125 | *draŋ | Proto-Monic | horn, tusk of elephant, summit | horn (of mammals, snails, of a certain caterpillar called /ɲchṳuɁ pa̱ẙ/ 'barking deer worm') |
N125.B | *thra̤ŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | horn (of mammals, snails, of a certain caterpillar called /ɲchṳuɁ pa̱ẙ/ 'barking deer worm') | |
N125.A | *krɛ̤a̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | horn, tusk of elephant, summit | |
N126 | *ʔic | Proto-Monic | excrement; rubbish; interest on investment | excrement; useless and unpleasant byproduct (e.g. ear-wax, eye-matter, dandruff, smegma, sawdust); /ʔi̱c rṳuy/ freckles |
N126.B | *ʔi̱c | Proto-Nyah Kur | excrement; useless and unpleasant byproduct (e.g. ear-wax, eye-matter, dandruff, smegma, sawdust); /ʔi̱c rṳuy/ freckles | |
N126.A | *ʔɤ̱i̯c | Proto-Mon | excrement; rubbish; interest on investment | |
N127 | *ktɔɔc | Proto-Monic | wart | wart |
N127.B | *kətu̱ac | Proto-Nyah Kur | wart | |
N127.A | *kəto̱t | Proto-Mon | wart | |
N128 | *kruuc | Proto-Monic | intestine, inner portion, heart, core, heartwood, pith | intestine, innards of animals |
N128.B | *kru̱uc | Proto-Nyah Kur | intestine, innards of animals | |
N128.A | *kru̱t | Proto-Mon | intestine, inner portion, heart, core, heartwood, pith | |
N129 | *t[r]mɓaɲ | Proto-Monic | rim, edge; /həmo̱n pa̱iŋ/ lips | lips |
N129.B | *tərmbɛ̱ɲ | Proto-Nyah Kur | lips | |
N129.A | *həmo̱n | Proto-Mon | rim, edge; /həmo̱n pa̱iŋ/ lips | |
N130 | *mat | Proto-Monic | eye; precious stone; cutting edge | eye; source (of river, of day-light, i.e. the sun, of rain, i.e. dark clouds as a sign of coming rain); head (of abscess); small roundish depression (at bamboo node, on coconuts); cutting edge of tool |
N130.B | *ma̤t | Proto-Nyah Kur | eye; source (of river, of day-light, i.e. the sun, of rain, i.e. dark clouds as a sign of coming rain); head (of abscess); small roundish depression (at bamboo node, on coconuts); cutting edge of tool | |
N130.A | *mo̤t | Proto-Mon | eye; precious stone; cutting edge | |
N131 | *prmat | Proto-Monic | gall | gall bladder |
N131.B | *pərma̱t | Proto-Nyah Kur | gall bladder | |
N131.A | *kəmo̱t | Proto-Mon | gall | |
N132 | *ɟ[l]uut | Proto-Monic | bone; main stem of plant, spine of palm frond | bone (of humans, animals, fishes) |
N132.B | *chəlṳut | Proto-Nyah Kur | bone (of humans, animals, fishes) | |
N132.A | *cṳt | Proto-Mon | bone; main stem of plant, spine of palm frond | |
N133 | *k[r]liən | Proto-Monic | to form a growth | lymph glands (in neck, armpits, groin) |
N133.B | *kəli̱an | Proto-Nyah Kur | lymph glands (in neck, armpits, groin) | |
N133.A | *kəle̱n | Proto-Mon | to form a growth | |
N134 | *kɗəp | Proto-Monic | head, upper end, summit, forehead | head |
N134.B | *khdə̱p | Proto-Nyah Kur | head | |
N134.A | *[kə]ɗa̱ə̯p | Proto-Mon | head, upper end, summit, forehead | |
N135 | *cnaam | Proto-Monic | skin; (human, animal) fur | skin (of animals except pigs, of humans on palms and soles only) |
N135.B | *ɕhna̱am | Proto-Nyah Kur | skin (of animals except pigs, of humans on palms and soles only) | |
N135.A | *hna̱m | Proto-Mon | skin; (human, animal) fur | |
N136 | *[c/s]nliəm | Proto-Monic | nail, claw; metal binding round handle of tool | fingernail, claw |
N136.B | *khənli̱am | Proto-Nyah Kur | fingernail, claw | |
N136.A | *hənə̱m | Proto-Mon | nail, claw; metal binding round handle of tool | |
N137 | *chi̱m | Proto-Monic | chim | blood |
N137.B | *chi̱m | Proto-Nyah Kur | blood | |
N137.A | *chi̱m | Proto-Mon | chim | |
N138 | *kmɓaw | Proto-Monic | beak, bill, muzzle | beak, snout, muzzle, any animal's mouth if elongated: e.g. of most kinds of dogs, rats, shrimps... |
N138.B | *kəmba̱w | Proto-Nyah Kur | beak, snout, muzzle, any animal's mouth if elongated: e.g. of most kinds of dogs, rats, shrimps... | |
N138.A | *həma̱o̯ | Proto-Mon | beak, bill, muzzle | |
N139 | *ktɔɔr | Proto-Monic | ear | ear |
N139.B | *kətu̱ar | Proto-Nyah Kur | ear | |
N139.A | *kəto̱ | Proto-Mon | ear | |
N140 | *kntaal | Proto-Monic | underpart, bottom (e.g. of a boat) | sole, palm (no metaphoric extensions) |
N140.B | *kənta̱al | Proto-Nyah Kur | sole, palm (no metaphoric extensions) | |
N140.A | *həta̱ | Proto-Mon | underpart, bottom (e.g. of a boat) | |
N141 | *dɯl | Proto-Monic | thigh | thigh |
N141.B | *tɯ̤l | Proto-Nyah Kur | thigh | |
N141.A | *ti̤ | Proto-Mon | thigh | |
N142 | *gnis | Proto-Monic | canine tooth | canine tooth (e.g. of man, pig, snake, barking deer, but not sambar deer) |
N142.B | *khəni̤h | Proto-Nyah Kur | canine tooth (e.g. of man, pig, snake, barking deer, but not sambar deer) | |
N142.A | *[]ne̤h | Proto-Mon | canine tooth | |
N143 | *p[r/m]nus | Proto-Monic | navel | |
N143.B | *pərnɯ̱j̊ | Proto-Nyah Kur | navel | |
N144 | *krmpuus | Proto-Monic | breadth of finger | finger, toe |
N144.B | *kəmpu̱uj̊ | Proto-Nyah Kur | finger, toe | |
N144.A | *[k]əpu̱h | Proto-Mon | breadth of finger | |
N145 | *gris | Proto-Monic | liver, heart, central part | liver |
N145.B | *khri̤h | Proto-Nyah Kur | liver | |
N145.A | *krə̤h | Proto-Mon | liver, heart, central part | |
N146 | *crɯs | Proto-Monic | chest, front part of body | front part of chest |
N146.B | *crɯ̱j̊ | Proto-Nyah Kur | front part of chest | |
N146.A | *sɒ̱ɨ̯h | Proto-Mon | chest, front part of body | |
N147 | *phɯɯs | Proto-Monic | reach of both arms as measure of length, fathom, sometimes reckoned as four cubits | arm-span: measure of length of both arms stretched |
N147.B | *phɯ̱ɯj̊ | Proto-Nyah Kur | arm-span: measure of length of both arms stretched | |
N147.A | *phi̱h | Proto-Mon | reach of both arms as measure of length, fathom, sometimes reckoned as four cubits | |
N148 | *təj | Proto-Monic | hand, upper limb, arm, foreleg, tributary, dependency; railway carriage | hand (of humans, apes, monkeys); tendrils (of gourd, cucumber...) |
N148.B | *tə̱j | Proto-Nyah Kur | hand (of humans, apes, monkeys); tendrils (of gourd, cucumber...) | |
N148.A | *tɒ̱ɛ̯ | Proto-Mon | hand, upper limb, arm, foreleg, tributary, dependency; railway carriage | |
N149 | *tɔh | Proto-Monic | breast, udder | breast |
N149.B | *tɔ̱h | Proto-Nyah Kur | breast | |
N149.A | *tɔ̱h | Proto-Mon | breast, udder | |
N150 | *ptuh | Proto-Monic | fungus, mildew, pus | pus |
N150.B | *pətu̱h | Proto-Nyah Kur | pus | |
N150.A | *pətɒ̱ɨ̯h | Proto-Mon | fungus, mildew, pus | |
N151 | *pnah | Proto-Monic | shoulder (human, animal) | shoulder (human, animal) |
N151.B | *phna̱h | Proto-Nyah Kur | shoulder (human, animal) | |
N151.A | *phna̱h | Proto-Mon | shoulder (human, animal) | |
N153 | *[cə]-mɔh | Proto-Monic | nose | nose |
N153.B | *ɕə-mɔ̱h | Proto-Nyah Kur | nose | |
N153.A | *-mṳh | Proto-Mon | nose | |
N154 | *kmciiʔ | Proto-Monic | younger sibling | |
N154.B | *kəmci̱iʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | younger sibling | |
N155 | *ɟuuʔ | Proto-Monic | great-grandmother | elder sister of mother; wife of elder brother of parent |
N155.B | *cṳuʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | elder sister of mother; wife of elder brother of parent | |
N155.A | *cṳʔ | Proto-Mon | great-grandmother | |
N155a | *p-ɟuuʔ | Proto-Monic | old person | old person (appearance is the criterion, not actual age) |
N155a.B | *pəcṳuʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | old person (appearance is the criterion, not actual age) | |
N155a.A | *pjṳʔ | Proto-Mon | old person | |
N156 | *mbaaʔ | Proto-Monic | father | father |
N156.B | *pa̤aʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | father | |
N156.A | *mɛ̤ə̯ʔ | Proto-Mon | father | |
N157 | *m[ɛɛ/ee]ʔ | Proto-Monic | mother, especially in formal contexts; Mrs.; first or second person feminine pronoun | mother (only human) |
N157.B | *mɛ̤ɛʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | mother (only human) | |
N157.A | *mi̤ʔ | Proto-Mon | mother, especially in formal contexts; Mrs.; first or second person feminine pronoun | |
N158 | *lwaaʔ | Proto-Monic | Wa, Lawa, pagan hillman practicing slash-and-burn cultivation | Lawa |
N158.B | *ləwa̤aʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | Lawa | |
N158.A | *wɛ̤ə̯ʔ | Proto-Mon | Wa, Lawa, pagan hillman practicing slash-and-burn cultivation | |
N159 | *trlaaʔ | Proto-Monic | owner, lord | owner, lord |
N159.B | *təla̱aʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | owner, lord | |
N159.A | *təla̱ʔ | Proto-Mon | owner, lord | |
N160 | *(g-)luuʔ | Proto-Monic | eldest child | elder sister |
N160.B | *lṳuʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | elder sister | |
N160.A | *klṳʔ | Proto-Mon | eldest child | |
N161 | *kndɔɔk | Proto-Monic | spirit, demon, nat, especially a nat attached to a family or to a group of families related in the male line, which inhabits the south-east post of the senior member's house | dead human body, ghost, spirit |
N161.B | *kəntɔ̤ɔk | Proto-Nyah Kur | dead human body, ghost, spirit | |
N161.A | *kəlo̱k | Proto-Mon | spirit, demon, nat, especially a nat attached to a family or to a group of families related in the male line, which inhabits the south-east post of the senior member's house | |
N162 | *ɗiik | Proto-Monic | slave, temple servant, debt-slave, unpaid servant | slave |
N162.B | *di̱ik | Proto-Nyah Kur | slave | |
N162.A | *ɗɤ̱i̯c | Proto-Mon | slave, temple servant, debt-slave, unpaid servant | |
N163 | *kjaak | Proto-Monic | sacred being or thing, Buddha, Buddha image | rainbow |
N163.B | *khja̱ak | Proto-Nyah Kur | rainbow | |
N163.A | *cja̱i̯c | Proto-Mon | sacred being or thing, Buddha, Buddha image | |
N164 | *maaŋ | Proto-Monic | husband | |
N164.B | *ma̤aŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | husband | |
N165 | *ceec | Proto-Monic | great-grandchild | great-great-grandchild |
N165.B | *ce̱ec | Proto-Nyah Kur | great-great-grandchild | |
N165.A | *cʌ̱i̯c | Proto-Mon | great-grandchild | |
N166 | *peeɲ | Proto-Monic | grandfather; term of address to older men | |
N166.B | *pe̱eɲ | Proto-Nyah Kur | grandfather; term of address to older men | |
N167 | *l[h/w]uut | Proto-Monic | unmarried girl past age of puberty, spinster, virgin | young woman, usually unmarried; a married woman, even with children, will usually be called this so long as she remains young-looking |
N167.B | *l(əh)u̱ut | Proto-Nyah Kur | young woman, usually unmarried; a married woman, even with children, will usually be called this so long as she remains young-looking | |
N167.A | *wṳt | Proto-Mon | unmarried girl past age of puberty, spinster, virgin | |
N168 | *kɔɔn | Proto-Monic | child, offspring, young person, young of animals; member of social group; minor component of complex system | (one's own) child; young of animals |
N168.B | *ku̱an | Proto-Nyah Kur | (one's own) child; young of animals | |
N168.A | *ko̱n | Proto-Mon | child, offspring, young person, young of animals; member of social group; minor component of complex system | |
N169 | *g()maan | Proto-Monic | son-in-law; /həma̱n te̤Ɂ/ younger sister's husband | husband of younger sister, of cousin younger than Ego, of daughter, of niece |
N169.B | *khəma̤an | Proto-Nyah Kur | husband of younger sister, of cousin younger than Ego, of daughter, of niece | |
N169.A | *həma̤n | Proto-Mon | son-in-law; /həma̱n te̤Ɂ/ younger sister's husband | |
N170 | *k()muun | Proto-Monic | nephew, niece | nephew, niece |
N170.B | *khəmu̱un | Proto-Nyah Kur | nephew, niece | |
N170.A | *(k)hmi̱n | Proto-Mon | nephew, niece | |
N171 | *k()ɲoom | Proto-Monic | young child | |
N171.B | *khəɲo̱om | Proto-Nyah Kur | young child | |
N172 | *maam | Proto-Monic | prefix to men's proper names, to laymen's names (by monks) | younger brother of father, of husband |
N172.B | *ma̤am | Proto-Nyah Kur | younger brother of father, of husband | |
N172.A | *ma̤m | Proto-Mon | prefix to men's proper names, to laymen's names (by monks) | |
N173 | *caw | Proto-Monic | grandchild | grandchild; spouse of grandchild |
N173.B | *ca̱w | Proto-Nyah Kur | grandchild; spouse of grandchild | |
N173.A | *ca̱o̯ | Proto-Mon | grandchild | |
N174 | *braw | Proto-Monic | woman, wife | wife |
N174.B | *phra̤w | Proto-Nyah Kur | wife | |
N174.A | *prɛ̤ə̯ | Proto-Mon | woman, wife | |
N175 | *jaw | Proto-Monic | elder brother of spouse; husband of elder sister | elder brother of spouse; husband of elder sister, of cousin older than Ego |
N175.B | *ja̤w | Proto-Nyah Kur | elder brother of spouse; husband of elder sister, of cousin older than Ego | |
N175.A | *jɛ̤ə̯ | Proto-Mon | elder brother of spouse; husband of elder sister | |
N176 | *kmdar | Proto-Monic | husband-and-wife | |
N176.B | *kəmta̤r | Proto-Nyah Kur | husband-and-wife | |
N177 | *kmsiir | Proto-Monic | parent-in-law | parent-in-law; usually with 'mother' or 'father' prefixed |
N177.B | *kəmɕi̱ir | Proto-Nyah Kur | parent-in-law; usually with 'mother' or 'father' prefixed | |
N177.A | *k(h)msi̱ | Proto-Mon | parent-in-law | |
N178 | *knʔ[ɔɔ]s | Proto-Monic | daughter-in-law; /həʔɔ̱h te̤Ɂ/ younger brother's wife | wife of son, of nephew, of cousin younger than Ego |
N178.B | *ku̱an-ʔu̱aj̊ ~ nʔu̱aj̊ | Proto-Nyah Kur | wife of son, of nephew, of cousin younger than Ego | |
N178.A | *həʔ[ɔ̱]h | Proto-Mon | daughter-in-law; /həʔɔ̱h te̤Ɂ/ younger brother's wife | |
N179 | *mnus | Proto-Monic | human being | human being |
N179.B | *[m/ph]ənɯ̤j̊ | Proto-Nyah Kur | human being | |
N179.A | *[mə/ɦ]ni̤h | Proto-Mon | human being | |
N180 | *-truus | Proto-Monic | boy, man | boy, man |
N180.B | *(tu̱j̊-)tru̱uj̊ | Proto-Nyah Kur | boy, man | |
N180.A | *krɒ̱u̯h | Proto-Mon | boy, man | |
N181 | *k()maaj | Proto-Monic | widow | widow |
N181.B | *khəma̱aj | Proto-Nyah Kur | widow | |
N181.A | *hma̱i̯ | Proto-Mon | widow | |
N182 | *blaaj | Proto-Monic | bachelor, unmarried male past age of puberty | marriageable boy |
N182.B | *phla̤aj | Proto-Nyah Kur | marriageable boy | |
N182.A | *pla̤i̯ | Proto-Mon | bachelor, unmarried male past age of puberty | |
N183 | *cah | Proto-Monic | descendants | great-grandchild |
N183.B | *ca̱h | Proto-Nyah Kur | great-grandchild | |
N183.A | *ca̱h | Proto-Mon | descendants | |
N184 | *ɲah | Proto-Monic | person (who), people, they, others; especially respectful: he, she, they | numeral classifier for humans; prefix in ethnonym Nyah Kur |
N184.B | *ɲa̤h | Proto-Nyah Kur | numeral classifier for humans; prefix in ethnonym Nyah Kur | |
N184.A | *ɲe̤ə̯h | Proto-Mon | person (who), people, they, others; especially respectful: he, she, they | |
N185 | *cʔooʔ | Proto-Monic | rafter | small rafter, thatch support |
N185.B | *chəʔo̱oʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | small rafter, thatch support | |
N185.A | *həʔɒ̱ɨ̯ʔ | Proto-Mon | rafter | |
N186 | *tŋkooʔ | Proto-Monic | cylindrical container of wood or bamboo | bamboo container (usually for water) |
N186.B | *[]ŋko̱oʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | bamboo container (usually for water) | |
N186.A | *həkɒ̱ɨ̯ʔ | Proto-Mon | cylindrical container of wood or bamboo | |
N187 | *sŋiiʔ | Proto-Monic | house of wood, bamboo, or thatch | house |
N187.B | *ɕhŋi̱iʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | house | |
N187.A | *hɒ̱̃i̯ʔ | Proto-Mon | house of wood, bamboo, or thatch | |
N188 | *tŋaaʔ | Proto-Monic | bow, crossbow | crossbow |
N188.B | *thŋa̱aʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | crossbow | |
N188.A | *hŋa̱ʔ | Proto-Mon | bow, crossbow | |
N189 | *bŋaaʔ | Proto-Monic | rice-land, rice-field | hill-field |
N189.B | *ŋa̤aʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | hill-field | |
N189.A | *ɦŋɛ̤ə̯ʔ | Proto-Mon | rice-land, rice-field | |
N189a | *g()maaʔ | Proto-Monic | rice-field (irrigated) | hill-field |
N189a.B | *khəma̤aʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | hill-field | |
N189a.A | *həmɛ̤ə̯ʔ | Proto-Mon | rice-field (irrigated) | |
N190 | *gnriiʔ | Proto-Monic | long cylindrical wooden object; /ri̤ʔ ba̱k/ pestle | rice-pestle |
N190.B | *khənri̤iʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | rice-pestle | |
N190.A | *ri̤ʔ | Proto-Mon | long cylindrical wooden object; /ri̤ʔ ba̱k/ pestle | |
N191 | *mraaʔ | Proto-Monic | machete-like knife used as cutting tool, dah | machete |
N191.B | *mra̤aʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | machete | |
N191.A | *pərɛ̤ə̯ʔ | Proto-Mon | machete-like knife used as cutting tool, dah | |
N192 | *knlɔɔʔ | Proto-Monic | ant-hill | ant-hill, termite nest |
N192.B | *kənlɔ̱ɔʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | ant-hill, termite nest | |
N192.A | *kənɔ̱ʔ | Proto-Mon | ant-hill | |
N193 | *[k/t][l]nɗək | Proto-Monic | rice-bran (given to pigs), millet-bran | |
N193.B | *kləndə̱k | Proto-Nyah Kur | rice-bran (given to pigs), millet-bran | |
N194 | *ɟəŋ-ɟuŋ | Proto-Monic | pole, pillar | house-pole |
N194.B | *kəncṳŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | house-pole | |
N194.A | *həja̤ɨ̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | pole, pillar | |
N195 | *ɗiŋ | Proto-Monic | cup made from bamboo joint, used for collecting sap of toddy palm and for carrying water or other drink | bamboo tube (used as water-container) |
N195.B | *di̱ɲ | Proto-Nyah Kur | bamboo tube (used as water-container) | |
N195.A | *ɗʌ̱i̯ɲ | Proto-Mon | cup made from bamboo joint, used for collecting sap of toddy palm and for carrying water or other drink | |
N196 | *[t/k]iŋ-ɗiŋ | Proto-Monic | tinkle-bell, large bell | small bell, buffalo-bell |
N196.B | *ti̱ŋ-di̱ŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | small bell, buffalo-bell | |
N196.A | *hənɤ̱i̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | tinkle-bell, large bell | |
N197 | *ɗooŋ | Proto-Monic | city, province, country | village |
N197.B | *do̱oŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | village | |
N197.A | *ɗʌ̱ɨ̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | city, province, country | |
N198 | *pooŋ | Proto-Monic | cooked rice; /cɛ̱Ɂ pə̱ŋ/ eat food | cooked rice; /ca̱aɁ po̱oŋ/ eat food |
N198.B | *po̱oŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | cooked rice; /ca̱aɁ po̱oŋ/ eat food | |
N198.A | *pʌ̱ɨ̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | cooked rice; /cɛ̱Ɂ pə̱ŋ/ eat food | |
N199 | *snriəŋ | Proto-Monic | cloth sling suspended from ceiling, used as cradle; hammock slung from pole, litter; howdah | child's hammock, suspended cradle |
N199.B | *ɕhənri̱aŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | child's hammock, suspended cradle | |
N199.A | *həri̱ə̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | cloth sling suspended from ceiling, used as cradle; hammock slung from pole, litter; howdah | |
N200 | *glɔɔŋ | Proto-Monic | road, track, way, direction | |
N200.A | *klɔ̤ŋ | Proto-Mon | road, track, way, direction | |
N200a | *g-n-lɔɔŋ | Proto-Monic | habitual path (of porcupine); /trɔ̱w ŋlɔ̤ɔŋ/ path | |
N200a.B | *()nlɔ̤ɔŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | habitual path (of porcupine); /trɔ̱w ŋlɔ̤ɔŋ/ path | |
N201 | *kliŋ | Proto-Monic | oil, fat (vegetal or animal) | vegetal fat; /chɛ̤c khəya̤aŋ khli̱ɲ/ tree name |
N201.B | *khli̱ɲ | Proto-Nyah Kur | vegetal fat; /chɛ̤c khəya̤aŋ khli̱ɲ/ tree name | |
N201.A | *klʌ̱i̯ɲ | Proto-Mon | oil, fat (vegetal or animal) | |
N201a | *k-[r]-liŋ | Proto-Monic | vegetal or animal fat | |
N201a.B | *kəli̱ɲ | Proto-Nyah Kur | vegetal or animal fat | |
N202 | *jaat | Proto-Monic | cloth; clothes, (upper) garments | clothes; /nə̤əc ya̤at/ cloth |
N202.B | *ja̤at | Proto-Nyah Kur | clothes; /nə̤əc ya̤at/ cloth | |
N202.A | *ja̤t | Proto-Mon | cloth; clothes, (upper) garments | |
N283 | *ɗaan | Proto-Monic | path | elephant track |
N283.B | *da̱an | Proto-Nyah Kur | elephant track | |
N283.A | *ɗa̱n | Proto-Mon | path | |
N204 | *gnuun | Proto-Monic | woman's waistcloth | women's lower garment |
N204.B | *khənṳun | Proto-Nyah Kur | women's lower garment | |
N204.A | *[]ɦni̤n | Proto-Mon | woman's waistcloth | |
N205 | *ɓuun | Proto-Monic | knife | knife |
N205.B | *bu̱un | Proto-Nyah Kur | knife | |
N205.A | *ɓu̱n | Proto-Mon | knife | |
N206 | *pran | Proto-Monic | bait (usually thrown in the water at fishing place) | |
N206.B | *pra̱n | Proto-Nyah Kur | bait (usually thrown in the water at fishing place) | |
N206a | *p-[n]-ran | Proto-Monic | bait | |
N206a.A | *pərɔ̱n | Proto-Mon | bait | |
N207 | *kam | Proto-Monic | bullet, cartridge | arrow, (porcupine) quill |
N207.B | *ka̱m | Proto-Nyah Kur | arrow, (porcupine) quill | |
N207.A | *ka̱m | Proto-Mon | bullet, cartridge | |
N208 | *k(r)nləm | Proto-Monic | ridge of roof | roof |
N208.B | *kənlə̱m | Proto-Nyah Kur | roof | |
N208.A | *kəla̱ə̯m | Proto-Mon | ridge of roof | |
N209 | *trəw | Proto-Monic | path, way | |
N209.B | *trə̱w | Proto-Nyah Kur | path, way | |
N209a | *t-n-rəw | Proto-Monic | journey, way, route | path, way |
N209a.B | *tərə̱w (~ *ntrə̱w) | Proto-Nyah Kur | path, way | |
N209a.A | *kəra̱o̯ | Proto-Mon | journey, way, route | |
N210 | *phəw | Proto-Monic | raised wooden trough filled with earth or sand on which cooking-fire is lit, furnace; kitchen; (at the) home (of), in company of | rock-stove (usually consisting of three roundish rocks) |
N210.B | *phə̱w | Proto-Nyah Kur | rock-stove (usually consisting of three roundish rocks) | |
N210.A | *pha̱o̯ | Proto-Mon | raised wooden trough filled with earth or sand on which cooking-fire is lit, furnace; kitchen; (at the) home (of), in company of | |
N211 | *tar | Proto-Monic | shaft, handle, pin, pencil, stalk, stem (of leaf) | handle (usually of knife) |
N211.B | *ta̱r | Proto-Nyah Kur | handle (usually of knife) | |
N211.A | *tɔ̱o̯ | Proto-Mon | shaft, handle, pin, pencil, stalk, stem (of leaf) | |
N212 | *knʔɯl | Proto-Monic | rice-mortar | small mortar (for spices, areca, ...) |
N212.B | *kənʔɯ̱l | Proto-Nyah Kur | small mortar (for spices, areca, ...) | |
N212.A | *həʔĩ̱ | Proto-Mon | rice-mortar | |
N213 | *khal | Proto-Monic | small cup in which offerings are placed | water-cup, bowl |
N213.B | *kha̱l | Proto-Nyah Kur | water-cup, bowl | |
N213.A | *khɔ̱o̯ | Proto-Mon | small cup in which offerings are placed | |
N214 | *ʔɔɔs | Proto-Monic | firewood, fuel | firewood |
N214.B | *ʔu̱aj̊ | Proto-Nyah Kur | firewood | |
N214.A | *ʔo̱h | Proto-Mon | firewood, fuel | |
N215 | *cmpɔɔj | Proto-Monic | nest (of birds, snakes, ants ...); metaphorically: house | nest (of birds, rats, termites ...) |
N215.B | *cəmpu̱aj | Proto-Nyah Kur | nest (of birds, rats, termites ...) | |
N215.A | *həpu̱ə̯ | Proto-Mon | nest (of birds, snakes, ants ...); metaphorically: house | |
N216 | *t()mɓaaj | Proto-Monic | cooking-pot, cauldron | cooking-pot |
N216.B | *t()mba̱aj | Proto-Nyah Kur | cooking-pot | |
N216.A | *həma̱i̯ | Proto-Mon | cooking-pot, cauldron | |
N217 | *pluuj | Proto-Monic | wax | beeswax |
N217.B | *phlu̱uj | Proto-Nyah Kur | beeswax | |
N217.A | *plu̱i̯ | Proto-Mon | wax | |
N218 | *cɛh | Proto-Monic | small jar of demijohn shape | small water-jar |
N218.B | *cɛ̱h | Proto-Nyah Kur | small water-jar | |
N218.A | *cɛ̱h | Proto-Mon | small jar of demijohn shape | |
N219 | *kcah | Proto-Monic | charcoal | charcoal |
N219.B | *kəca̱h | Proto-Nyah Kur | charcoal | |
N219.A | *chja̱h | Proto-Mon | charcoal | |
N220 | *mɔh | Proto-Monic | (terminal) point, edge, fringe | tip, point of sharp object |
N220.B | *mɔ̤h | Proto-Nyah Kur | tip, point of sharp object | |
N220.A | *mṳh | Proto-Mon | (terminal) point, edge, fringe | |
N221 | *tiiʔ | Proto-Monic | earth, soil, ground, land | soil, ground consisting of earth (not stony ground); /phɛ̱ɛn ti̱iʔ/ country |
N221.B | *ti̱iʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | soil, ground consisting of earth (not stony ground); /phɛ̱ɛn ti̱iʔ/ country | |
N221.A | *tɒ̱i̯ʔ | Proto-Mon | earth, soil, ground, land | |
N222 | *kntuuʔ | Proto-Monic | moon, month | moon, month |
N222.B | *kəntu̱uʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | moon, month | |
N222.A | *hətɒ̱u̯ʔ | Proto-Mon | moon, month | |
N223 | *tmɔɔʔ | Proto-Monic | stone | stone |
N223.B | *thmɔ̱ɔʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | stone | |
N223.A | *hmɔ̱ʔ | Proto-Mon | stone | |
N224 | *ɗaak | Proto-Monic | water, liquid | water, liquid, body secretion |
N224.B | *da̱ak | Proto-Nyah Kur | water, liquid, body secretion | |
N224.A | *ɗa̱i̯c | Proto-Mon | water, liquid | |
N225 | *jak | Proto-Monic | smoke | smoke of fire |
N225.B | *ja̤k | Proto-Nyah Kur | smoke of fire | |
N225.A | *jɛ̤a̯k | Proto-Mon | smoke | |
N226 | *lhuk | Proto-Monic | dirt, mud, filth adhering to something | mud |
N226.B | *ləhu̱k | Proto-Nyah Kur | mud | |
N226.A | *hlɒ̱ɨ̯k | Proto-Mon | dirt, mud, filth adhering to something | |
N227 | *ptiŋ | Proto-Monic | ash, ashes | ashes, fine dust |
N227.B | *pəti̱ɲ | Proto-Nyah Kur | ashes, fine dust | |
N227.A | *pətʌ̱i̯ɲ | Proto-Mon | ash, ashes | |
N228 | *bnaŋ | Proto-Monic | bund, ridge between compartments of paddy-field, raised path or standing, hard standing round well, compartment of paddy-field as measure of area | low hills |
N228.B | *phna̤ŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | low hills | |
N228.A | *nɛ̤a̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | bund, ridge between compartments of paddy-field, raised path or standing, hard standing round well, compartment of paddy-field as measure of area | |
N229 | *krooŋ | Proto-Monic | stream, creek, small river | large river |
N229.B | *kro̱oŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | large river | |
N229.A | *krʌ̱ɨ̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | stream, creek, small river | |
N230 | *sruŋ | Proto-Monic | hole, cavity | hole, cavity |
N230.B | *ɕru̱ŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | hole, cavity | |
N230.A | *-sɒ̱ɨ̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | hole, cavity | |
N231 | *[lm]laaŋ | Proto-Monic | dew, mist, fog | dew, mist, fog |
N231.B | *-la̤aŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | dew, mist, fog | |
N231.A | *[pə]la̤i̯ɲ | Proto-Mon | dew, mist, fog | |
N232 | *s()maɲ | Proto-Monic | star | |
N232.B | *ɕhəmɛ̱ɲ | Proto-Nyah Kur | star | |
N233 | *[k/p]()mat | Proto-Monic | fire | fire |
N233.B | *kəma̱t ~ khma̱t | Proto-Nyah Kur | fire | |
N233.A | *kəmo̱t | Proto-Mon | fire | |
N234 | *prtam | Proto-Monic | night, night-time | night-time; classifier for counting nights |
N234.B | *pəta̱m | Proto-Nyah Kur | night-time; classifier for counting nights | |
N234.A | *hətɔ̱m | Proto-Mon | night, night-time | |
N235 | *cnaam | Proto-Monic | year | year |
N235.B | *ɕhna̱am | Proto-Nyah Kur | year | |
N235.A | *hna̱m | Proto-Mon | year | |
N236 | *bʔur | Proto-Monic | salt | salt |
N236.B | *phəʔu̱r | Proto-Nyah Kur | salt | |
N236.A | *ɓə̱ | Proto-Mon | salt | |
N237 | *gər-gər | Proto-Monic | thunder, thunderbolt | rumble of thunder |
N237.B | *khərkə̤r | Proto-Nyah Kur | rumble of thunder | |
N237.A | *həkə̤ | Proto-Mon | thunder, thunderbolt | |
N238 | *lŋuur | Proto-Monic | morning | |
N238.B | *ŋṳur | Proto-Nyah Kur | morning | |
N239 | *cɔɔr | Proto-Monic | small inlet from tidal creek | stream, creek |
N239.B | *cu̱ar | Proto-Nyah Kur | stream, creek | |
N239.A | *co̱ | Proto-Mon | small inlet from tidal creek | |
N240 | *ɟ(ʌ)r | Proto-Monic | natural well or pond | |
N240.B | *cə̤r | Proto-Nyah Kur | natural well or pond | |
N241 | *pliir | Proto-Monic | hail-stones | hail |
N241.B | *phli̱ir | Proto-Nyah Kur | hail | |
N241.A | *pli̱ | Proto-Mon | hail-stones | |
N242 | *thar | Proto-Monic | gold | gold |
N242.B | *tha̱r | Proto-Nyah Kur | gold | |
N242.A | *thɔ̱o̯ | Proto-Mon | gold | |
N243 | *p-m-tɯl | Proto-Monic | sand | sand; usually in compound /ti̱iɁ ntɯ̱l/ |
N243.B | *[pm-/pn-]tɯ̱l | Proto-Nyah Kur | sand; usually in compound /ti̱iɁ ntɯ̱l/ | |
N243.A | *həti̱ | Proto-Mon | sand | |
N244 | *kjaal | Proto-Monic | wind (n.) | wind (n.) |
N244.B | *khja̱al | Proto-Nyah Kur | wind (n.) | |
N244.A | *cja̱ | Proto-Mon | wind (n.) | |
N245 | *[ʔ]ka̱aj̊ (Indic origin) | Proto-Monic | sky | sky |
N245.B | *ŋka̱aj̊ | Proto-Nyah Kur | sky | |
N245.A | *[t/ʔ]əka̱h | Proto-Mon | sky | |
N246 | *tŋaj | Proto-Monic | sun; daytime, classifier for days | sun |
N246.B | *thŋa̱j | Proto-Nyah Kur | sun | |
N246.A | *hŋu̱ə̯ | Proto-Mon | sun; daytime, classifier for days | |
N247 | *t-r-ŋaj | Proto-Monic | daily | daytime |
N247.B | *təŋa̱j | Proto-Nyah Kur | daytime | |
N247.A | *təŋu̱ə̯ | Proto-Mon | daily | |
N248 | *brəj | Proto-Monic | rain | rain |
N248.B | *phrə̤j | Proto-Nyah Kur | rain | |
N248.A | *prɔ̤ə̯ | Proto-Mon | rain | |
N249 | *prsəj | Proto-Monic | iron | iron |
N249.B | *pəɕə̱j | Proto-Nyah Kur | iron | |
N249.A | *pəsɒ̱ɛ̯ | Proto-Mon | iron | |
N250 | *k-l-mɓuh | Proto-Monic | large bubbles, foam, froth | foam |
N250.B | *kləmbu̱h | Proto-Nyah Kur | foam | |
N250.A | *həɓɒ̱ɨ̯h | Proto-Mon | large bubbles, foam, froth | |
N251 | *trɛh | Proto-Monic | pebble, rock, gravel | pebble, rock, gravel |
N251.B | *trɛ̱h | Proto-Nyah Kur | pebble, rock, gravel | |
N251.A | *krɛ̱h | Proto-Mon | pebble, rock, gravel | |
N252 | *ɟrɔh | Proto-Monic | chasm, gully, deep ravine | cavity at the base of a cliff |
N252.B | *chrɔ̤h | Proto-Nyah Kur | cavity at the base of a cliff | |
N252.A | *sɔ̤h | Proto-Mon | chasm, gully, deep ravine | |
N253 | *mwaj | Proto-Monic | one | one |
N253.B | *mṳaj | Proto-Nyah Kur | one | |
N253.A | *mṳə̯ | Proto-Mon | one | |
N254 | *ɓaar | Proto-Monic | two | two |
N254.B | *ba̱ar | Proto-Nyah Kur | two | |
N254.A | *ɓa̱ | Proto-Mon | two | |
N255 | *piiʔ | Proto-Monic | three | three |
N255.B | *pi̱iʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | three | |
N255.A | *pɒ̱i̯ʔ | Proto-Mon | three | |
N256 | *pan | Proto-Monic | four | four |
N256.B | *pa̱n | Proto-Nyah Kur | four | |
N256.A | *pɔ̱n | Proto-Mon | four | |
N257 | *(m-)suun | Proto-Monic | five | five |
N257.B | *ɕu̱un | Proto-Nyah Kur | five | |
N257.A | *pəsu̱n | Proto-Mon | five | |
N258 | *t(-w-)raw | Proto-Monic | six | six |
N258.B | *təra̱w | Proto-Nyah Kur | six | |
N258.A | *kəra̱o̯ | Proto-Mon | six | |
N259 | *tmpɔh | Proto-Monic | seven | seven |
N259.B | *təmpɔ̱h | Proto-Nyah Kur | seven | |
N259.A | *həpɔ̱h | Proto-Mon | seven | |
N260 | *tɲcaam | Proto-Monic | eight | eight |
N260.B | *[k]əɲca̱am | Proto-Nyah Kur | eight | |
N260.A | *həca̱m | Proto-Mon | eight | |
N261 | *[k/t]ɲciit | Proto-Monic | nine | nine |
N261.B | *kəɲci̱it | Proto-Nyah Kur | nine | |
N261.A | *həci̱t | Proto-Mon | nine | |
N262 | *cas | Proto-Monic | ten | ten |
N262.B | *ca̱j̊ | Proto-Nyah Kur | ten | |
N262.A | *cɔ̱h | Proto-Mon | ten | |
N262a | *c-w-as | Proto-Monic | -ty, as in twenty | -ty, as in twenty |
N262a.B | *chu̱aj̊ | Proto-Nyah Kur | -ty, as in twenty | |
N262a.A | *co̱h | Proto-Mon | -ty, as in twenty | |
N263 | *ʔəj/*ʔwəj | Proto-Monic | I | I |
N263.B | *ʔə̱j/*wə̱j | Proto-Nyah Kur | I | |
N263.A | *ʔu̱ə̯ | Proto-Mon | I | |
N264.B | *pe̤h | Proto-Nyah Kur | thou | |
N264.A | *pe̤h | Proto-Mon | thou (to inferiors or familiars) | |
N265 | *ɗɛh | Proto-Monic | third person animate | third person, animate or inanimate |
N265.B | *dɛ̱h | Proto-Nyah Kur | third person, animate or inanimate | |
N265.A | *ɗɛ̱h | Proto-Mon | third person animate | |
N266 | *ɲin | Proto-Monic | third person remote, human; someone else | |
N266.B | *ɲi̤n | Proto-Nyah Kur | third person remote, human; someone else | |
N267 | *pəj/*pw[ə]j | Proto-Monic | exclusive first person plural | we |
N267.B | *pə̱j | Proto-Nyah Kur | we | |
N267.A | *po̱ɛ̯ | Proto-Mon | exclusive first person plural | |
N268 | *[s/c]kɔɔʔ | Proto-Monic | each other | |
N268.B | *(cə-)kɔ̱ɔʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | each other | |
N269 | *tɛɛʔ | Proto-Monic | there, then, that, those | that (not far, near addressee) |
N269.B | *tɛ̱ɛʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | that (not far, near addressee) | |
N269.A | *te̱ʔ | Proto-Mon | there, then, that, those | |
N270 | *-nɔɔʔ | Proto-Monic | this, here | tonight |
N270.B | *nɔ̱ɔʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | tonight | |
N270.A | *(ʔə-)nɔ̱ʔ | Proto-Mon | this, here | |
N271 | *(ɟ-)mooʔ | Proto-Monic | what? | what? |
N271.B | *(chə-)mo̤oʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | what? | |
N271.A | *m[ṳ]ʔ | Proto-Mon | what? | |
N272 | *[b/p]-nəw | Proto-Monic | among | where?, where to? |
N272.B | *(phə)nə̤w | Proto-Nyah Kur | where?, where to? | |
N272.A | *pəno̱ | Proto-Mon | among | |
N273 | *-gɔh | Proto-Monic | Noun Phrase particle | that (recently spoken of) |
N273.B | *kɔ̤h | Proto-Nyah Kur | that (recently spoken of) | |
N273.A | *-kɔ̤h | Proto-Mon | Noun Phrase particle | |
N274 | *ɟwiiʔ | Proto-Monic | left (side) | |
N274.B | *chəwi̤iʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | left (side) | |
N275 | *[k/c/s]-toom | Proto-Monic | right (side) | |
N275.B | *cəto̱om | Proto-Nyah Kur | right (side) | |
N276 | *[k]ntuul | Proto-Monic | on top of | on top of |
N276.B | *kəntu̱ul | Proto-Nyah Kur | on top of | |
N276.A | *ʔətɒ̱u̯ | Proto-Mon | on top of | |
N277 | *kntaaʔ | Proto-Monic | in front of | in front of |
N277.B | *kənta̱aʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | in front of | |
N277.A | *həta̱ʔ | Proto-Mon | in front of | |
N278 | *(sŋ-)kraw | Proto-Monic | be subsequent | behind, at the back |
N278.B | *sŋ-kra̱w | Proto-Nyah Kur | behind, at the back | |
N278.A | *k(ə)ra̱o̯ | Proto-Mon | be subsequent | |
N279 | *p()ɗəj | Proto-Monic | interior, private | penis |
N279.B | *pədə̱j | Proto-Nyah Kur | penis | |
N279.A | *[p/ʔ]-əɗɒ̱ɛ̯ | Proto-Mon | interior, private | |
N280 | *ku- | Proto-Monic | to (Benefactive, Directional) | to (Benefactive, Directional) |
N280.B | *ku- | Proto-Nyah Kur | to (Benefactive, Directional) | |
N280.A | *kɒ- | Proto-Mon | to (Benefactive, Directional) | |
V1 | *tl-ʔɔɔʔ | Proto-Monic | to vomit, regurgitate | (baby) to regurgitate (rice, milk...) after over-eating |
V1.B | *təlʔɔ̱ɔʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | (baby) to regurgitate (rice, milk...) after over-eating | |
V1.A | *həʔɔ̱ʔ | Proto-Mon | to vomit, regurgitate | |
V1a | *[p-]ʔɔɔʔ | Proto-Monic | to feed (baby) with premasticated food | |
V1a.A | *ʔɔ̱ʔ | Proto-Mon | to feed (baby) with premasticated food | |
V2 | *gooʔ | Proto-Monic | to get, obtain, procure, receive; to comprise | to get, possess (Transitive Verb); be allowed to, be incidentally - not inherently - able to (sentence final v.) |
V2.B | *ko̤oʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to get, possess (Transitive Verb); be allowed to, be incidentally - not inherently - able to (sentence final v.) | |
V2.A | *kə̤o̯ʔ | Proto-Mon | to get, obtain, procure, receive; to comprise | |
V3 | *tr-ŋɔɔʔ | Proto-Monic | to be assiduous, industrious | to be perseverent, diligent (in doing something); to be eager (to do something repeatedly) beyond one's needs (e.g. eating) |
V3.B | *tə(r)ŋɔ̱ɔʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to be perseverent, diligent (in doing something); to be eager (to do something repeatedly) beyond one's needs (e.g. eating) | |
V3.A | *təŋɔ̱ʔ | Proto-Mon | to be assiduous, industrious | |
V3a | *p[]-ŋɔɔʔ | Proto-Monic | to make an effort, proceed directly, rapidly to | |
V3a.A | *pəŋ[ɔ̱]ʔ | Proto-Mon | to make an effort, proceed directly, rapidly to | |
V4 | *caaʔ | Proto-Monic | to eat; to live on, by, by the revenues of; to govern; to divide arithmetically; to take (a piece) of chess or other game | (humans, animals, insects) eat; to spend (money) in gambling or for daily necessities; to win at card games (Transitive Verb) |
V4.B | *ca̱aʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | (humans, animals, insects) eat; to spend (money) in gambling or for daily necessities; to win at card games (Transitive Verb) | |
V4.A | *ci̱ə̯ʔ | Proto-Mon | to eat; to live on, by, by the revenues of; to govern; to divide arithmetically; to take (a piece) of chess or other game | |
V4a | *c-rn-aaʔ | Proto-Monic | food, solid food | (when felling a tree) to cut deeper into the core of the trunk; (when digging a hole) to enlarge and deepen it |
V4a.B | *cərna̱aʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | (when felling a tree) to cut deeper into the core of the trunk; (when digging a hole) to enlarge and deepen it | |
V4a.A | *[k/h]əna̱ʔ | Proto-Mon | food, solid food | |
V4b | *c-w-aaʔ | Proto-Monic | curry, soup | flesh (of fruits, of animals); the meat in curry; rice-accompaniment |
V4b.B | *chwa̱aʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | flesh (of fruits, of animals); the meat in curry; rice-accompaniment | |
V4b.A | *khwa̱ʔ | Proto-Mon | curry, soup | |
V5 | *taaʔ | Proto-Monic | to vomit | (humans, not animals) to vomit |
V5.B | *ta̱aʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | (humans, not animals) to vomit | |
V5.A | *ta̱ʔ | Proto-Mon | to vomit | |
V6 | *[d]ndooʔ | Proto-Monic | to teach, instruct | headman (usually in compound with /-do̱oŋ/) |
V6.B | *[k]ənto̤oʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | headman (usually in compound with /-do̱oŋ/) | |
V6.A | *hələ̤o̯ʔ | Proto-Mon | to teach, instruct | |
V7 | *paaʔ | Proto-Monic | to do; to perform; to achieve the status of | to perform (an action); to fabricate (an object) |
V7.B | *pa̱aʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to perform (an action); to fabricate (an object) | |
V7.A | *pa̱ʔ | Proto-Mon | to do; to perform; to achieve the status of | |
V8 | *([k]m-)pɔɔʔ | Proto-Monic | to dream | to dream (of something; that something happened) |
V8.B | *([]m-)pɔ̱ɔʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to dream (of something; that something happened) | |
V8.A | *kəpɔ̱ʔ | Proto-Mon | to dream | |
V9 | *puuʔ | Proto-Monic | swell, be nearly ripe; to suffer diarrhoea | (dead body) to swell in decomposing (Intransitive Verb) |
V9.B | *pu̱uʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | (dead body) to swell in decomposing (Intransitive Verb) | |
V9.A | *pɒ̱u̯ʔ | Proto-Mon | swell, be nearly ripe; to suffer diarrhoea | |
V10 | *t[]miiʔ | Proto-Monic | be new | (object, wife) to be newly acquired or made (Intransitive Verb); (have done something) recently (adv.) |
V10.B | *təmi̱iʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | (object, wife) to be newly acquired or made (Intransitive Verb); (have done something) recently (adv.) | |
V10.A | *[k/ʔ]əmɒ̱i̯ʔ | Proto-Mon | be new | |
V11 | *gwaaʔ | Proto-Monic | to be bashful, shy, ashamed | to be ashamed (of something) (in front of somebody) (Intransitive Verb) |
V11.B | *khwa̤aʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to be ashamed (of something) (in front of somebody) (Intransitive Verb) | |
V11.A | *kwɛ̤ə̯ʔ | Proto-Mon | to be bashful, shy, ashamed | |
V12 | *ɟraa | Proto-Monic | to wither; be withered, wilted | |
V12.A | *sɛ̤ə̯ʔ | Proto-Mon | to wither; be withered, wilted | |
V12a | *ɟ[- -]raaʔ | Proto-Monic | dried residue, sediments in a jar, lees | alcohol (meaningless chime word in compound) |
V12a.B | *chəra̤aʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | alcohol (meaningless chime word in compound) | |
V12a.A | *hərɛ̤ə̯ʔ | Proto-Mon | dried residue, sediments in a jar, lees | |
V13 | *sraaʔ | Proto-Monic | to have the skin broken, be injured, ulcerate, develop sores | (infection) to spread; (wound) to fester (Intransitive Verb); to separate, pull apart (logs or firewood, from the fire-place) (Transitive Verb) |
V13.B | *ɕra̱aʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | (infection) to spread; (wound) to fester (Intransitive Verb); to separate, pull apart (logs or firewood, from the fire-place) (Transitive Verb) | |
V13.A | *sa̱ʔ | Proto-Mon | to have the skin broken, be injured, ulcerate, develop sores | |
V13a | *s-m-raaʔ | Proto-Monic | discharging lesion, sore, ulcer, burn, scald | a wound, a cut |
V13a.B | *ɕəmra̱aʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | a wound, a cut | |
V13a.A | *həra̱ʔ | Proto-Mon | discharging lesion, sore, ulcer, burn, scald | |
V14 | *trɔɔʔ | Proto-Monic | to be insane, mad | to be foolish, nonsensical, feeble-minded (Intransitive Verb) |
V14.B | *trɔ̱ɔʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to be foolish, nonsensical, feeble-minded (Intransitive Verb) | |
V14.A | *krɔ̱ʔ | Proto-Mon | to be insane, mad | |
V14a | *t-m-rɔɔʔ | Proto-Monic | madman, crazy fellow | madman |
V14a.B | *təmrɔ̱ɔʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | madman | |
V14a.A | *pərɔ̱ʔ | Proto-Mon | madman, crazy fellow | |
V15 | *bruʔ | Proto-Monic | to make a noise | to make a noise (Intransitive Verb); (sound) to be loud (stat.); loudly (adv.) |
V15.B | *phrṳʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to make a noise (Intransitive Verb); (sound) to be loud (stat.); loudly (adv.) | |
V15.A | *prṳʔ | Proto-Mon | to make a noise | |
V16 | *ɟlɛɛʔ | Proto-Monic | to be short | (objects, not persons or time) to be short |
V16.B | *khlɛ̤ɛʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | (objects, not persons or time) to be short | |
V16.A | *kle̤ʔ | Proto-Mon | to be short | |
V16a | *ɟ-m-lɛɛʔ | Proto-Monic | shortness (Noun); short (Attributive) | short (Attributive) |
V16a.B | *chəmlɛ̤ɛʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | short (Attributive) | |
V16a.A | *həle̤ʔ | Proto-Mon | shortness (Noun); short (Attributive) | |
V17 | *lɔɔʔ | Proto-Monic | to be a long time | to be a long time |
V17.B | *lɔ̤ɔʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to be a long time | |
V17.A | *lɔ̤ʔ | Proto-Mon | to be a long time | |
V18 | *c()looʔ | Proto-Monic | to cross, penetrate thoroughly, go around | to cross (a shallow river, on foot) (Transitive Verb) |
V18.B | *cəlo̱oʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to cross (a shallow river, on foot) (Transitive Verb) | |
V18.A | *klɒ̱ɨ̯ʔ | Proto-Mon | to cross, penetrate thoroughly, go around | |
V19 | *ɟlu[u]ʔ | Proto-Monic | to be dark | (day) be getting dark (Intransitive Verb) |
V19.B | *khlṳ(u)ʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | (day) be getting dark (Intransitive Verb) | |
V19.A | *klṳʔ | Proto-Mon | to be dark | |
V19a | *ɟ-m-lu[u]ʔ | Proto-Monic | blind person | (day) be dark (Attributive) |
V19a.B | *chəmlṳuʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | (day) be dark (Attributive) | |
V19a.A | *həlṳʔ | Proto-Mon | blind person | |
V19b | *ɟ-m-lu[u]ʔ | Proto-Monic | darkness | classifier for evenings |
V19b.B | *chəmlṳuʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | classifier for evenings | |
V19b.A | *həlṳʔ | Proto-Mon | darkness | |
V20 | *kjaaʔ | Proto-Monic | to be defeated, beaten (by), to lose (to) | to lose, be defeated (in fight, play, courtship ...) (Intransitive Verb) |
V20.B | *khja̱aʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to lose, be defeated (in fight, play, courtship ...) (Intransitive Verb) | |
V20.A | *cja̱ʔ | Proto-Mon | to be defeated, beaten (by), to lose (to) | |
V21 | *cjooʔ | Proto-Monic | to sell | to sell (something, to someone) |
V21.B | *chəjo̱oʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to sell (something, to someone) | |
V21.A | *sɒ̱ɨʔ | Proto-Mon | to sell | |
V22 | *(ŋ)haaʔ | Proto-Monic | to gape open, to open wide | to open one's mouth or beak (Transitive Verb) |
V22.B | *(ŋ)ha̱aʔ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to open one's mouth or beak (Transitive Verb) | |
V22.A | *ha̱ ~ *ha̱ʔ | Proto-Mon | to gape open, to open wide | |
V23 | *[c/s]ŋiək | Proto-Monic | be scorched, (food) burnt | (food, especially rice) to be burnt by overcooking (Intransitive Verb) |
V23.B | *chŋi̱ak | Proto-Nyah Kur | (food, especially rice) to be burnt by overcooking (Intransitive Verb) | |
V23.A | *hɲi̱ə̯k | Proto-Mon | be scorched, (food) burnt | |
V24 | *[]-ŋaak | Proto-Monic | to look upward | to look upward (at something) (Transitive Verb) |
V24.B | *ŋa̤ak | Proto-Nyah Kur | to look upward (at something) (Transitive Verb) | |
V24.A | *[ʔ]əŋa̤i̯c | Proto-Mon | to look upward | |
V25 | *lcɔk | Proto-Monic | to be black | dark green/blue (Stative) |
V25.B | *ləcɔ̱k | Proto-Nyah Kur | dark green/blue (Stative) | |
V25.A | *[ʔ/k]əcɔ̱k | Proto-Mon | to be black | |
V25a | *l-m-cɔk | Proto-Monic | black (Attributive) | to be dark green/blue (Attributive) |
V25a.B | *ləmcɔ̱k | Proto-Nyah Kur | to be dark green/blue (Attributive) | |
V25a.A | *pəcɔ̱k | Proto-Mon | black (Attributive) | |
V26 | *(cɔk-)cɔɔk | Proto-Monic | scabies | (human) to scratch (self or other) in order to relieve itchiness; to scratch (something) off from one's body (Transitive Verb) |
V26.B | *cək-cɔ̱ɔk | Proto-Nyah Kur | (human) to scratch (self or other) in order to relieve itchiness; to scratch (something) off from one's body (Transitive Verb) | |
V26.A | *co̱k | Proto-Mon | scabies | |
V26a | *c-n-ɔɔk | Proto-Monic | to itch | (body-part) to feel itchy (Stative) |
V26a.B | *chnɔ̱ɔk | Proto-Nyah Kur | (body-part) to feel itchy (Stative) | |
V26a.A | *hno̱k | Proto-Mon | to itch | |
V27 | *tak | Proto-Monic | to strike, hit, beat | |
V27.A | *ta̱k | Proto-Mon | to strike, hit, beat | |
V27a | *k[r]-tak | Proto-Monic | to slam (something) down forcefully (Transitive Verb) | |
V27a.B | *kəta̱k | Proto-Nyah Kur | to slam (something) down forcefully (Transitive Verb) | |
V28 | *p[r]tak | Proto-Monic | to tumble, turn a somersault; to lie face downward | (object) to be standing on its head; to stand (something) on its head (Intransitive/Transitive Verb) |
V28.B | *pəta̱k | Proto-Nyah Kur | (object) to be standing on its head; to stand (something) on its head (Intransitive/Transitive Verb) | |
V28.A | *həta̱k | Proto-Mon | to tumble, turn a somersault; to lie face downward | |
V29 | *took | Proto-Monic | to scoop up; (pig) to root up a tuber | to dip up (liquid, seeds, salt...) (with a ladle, cup...) (Transitive Verb) |
V29.B | *to̱ok | Proto-Nyah Kur | to dip up (liquid, seeds, salt...) (with a ladle, cup...) (Transitive Verb) | |
V29.A | *tʌ̱ɨ̯k | Proto-Mon | to scoop up; (pig) to root up a tuber | |
V30 | *dak | Proto-Monic | to tie, tether, link | to tie a bundle (of firewood, grass, hair) (with a piece of rattan, string...) (Transitive Verb) |
V30.B | *ta̤k | Proto-Nyah Kur | to tie a bundle (of firewood, grass, hair) (with a piece of rattan, string...) (Transitive Verb) | |
V30.A | *tɛ̤a̯k | Proto-Mon | to tie, tether, link | |
V31 | *knkɔk | Proto-Monic | (ground) to be sunken, low-lying; /həlɔ̱k hənɛ̤ak/ (ground) to be uneven, broken | to pound (e.g. earth, to make it flat), to stab (e.g. earth with a stick, thumb forward) (Transitive Verb) |
V31.B | *kəntɔ̤k | Proto-Nyah Kur | to pound (e.g. earth, to make it flat), to stab (e.g. earth with a stick, thumb forward) (Transitive Verb) | |
V31.A | *həlɔ̱k | Proto-Mon | (ground) to be sunken, low-lying; /həlɔ̱k hənɛ̤ak/ (ground) to be uneven, broken | |
V32 | *kɗak | Proto-Monic | to snap; to make a snapping sound | to make a loud palatal click (e.g. to make an infant or pet aware of a command) |
V32.B | *khəda̱k | Proto-Nyah Kur | to make a loud palatal click (e.g. to make an infant or pet aware of a command) | |
V32.A | *ɗa̱k | Proto-Mon | to snap; to make a snapping sound | |
V33 | *k[r]nɗak | Proto-Monic | to pound vertically in a mortar; to elbow; to strike with the elbow | to pound (e.g. chili, areca, salad..., but not rice) (in a mortar) (Transitive Verb) |
V33.B | *kərnɗa̱k | Proto-Nyah Kur | to pound (e.g. chili, areca, salad..., but not rice) (in a mortar) (Transitive Verb) | |
V33.A | *həna̱k | Proto-Mon | to pound vertically in a mortar; to elbow; to strike with the elbow | |
V34 | *sɗak | Proto-Monic | to cough | to cough (sputum) (out) (Transitive Verb) |
V34.B | *ɕhəda̱k | Proto-Nyah Kur | to cough (sputum) (out) (Transitive Verb) | |
V34.A | *həɗa̱k | Proto-Mon | to cough | |
V35 | *ɗɯk | Proto-Monic | to have completed | (day) be almost finished; to be late in the day (Intransitive Verb) |
V35.B | *dɯ̱k | Proto-Nyah Kur | (day) be almost finished; to be late in the day (Intransitive Verb) | |
V35.A | *ɗɒ̱ɨ̯k | Proto-Mon | to have completed | |
V36 | *ɟnɔɔk | Proto-Monic | great, big | great, big |
V36.B | *[chə]nɔ̤ɔk | Proto-Nyah Kur | great, big | |
V36.A | *ɦno̤k | Proto-Mon | great, big | |
V37 | *paak | Proto-Monic | to split, cleave, halve, divide | to be shattered, split in pieces (Intransitive Verb) |
V37.B | *pa̱ak | Proto-Nyah Kur | to be shattered, split in pieces (Intransitive Verb) | |
V37.A | *pa̱i̯c | Proto-Mon | to split, cleave, halve, divide | |
V38 | *pɔk | Proto-Monic | to open, uncover, expose | to open (a door, the lid of a pot...); to expose (a wound, breasts); to lift (a curtain, a skirt, the corner of a mat...) (in order to look underneath) (Transitive Verb) |
V38.B | *pɔ̱k | Proto-Nyah Kur | to open (a door, the lid of a pot...); to expose (a wound, breasts); to lift (a curtain, a skirt, the corner of a mat...) (in order to look underneath) (Transitive Verb) | |
V38.A | *pɔ̱k | Proto-Mon | to open, uncover, expose | |
V39 | *puk | Proto-Monic | to pull up; to pluck out | to uproot (a small plant, grass, rice, hair, teeth...); to pull up and out (a house-pole, a nail, a thorn...) (Transitive Verb) |
V39.B | *pu̱k | Proto-Nyah Kur | to uproot (a small plant, grass, rice, hair, teeth...); to pull up and out (a house-pole, a nail, a thorn...) (Transitive Verb) | |
V39.A | *pɒ̱ɨ̯k | Proto-Mon | to pull up; to pluck out | |
V40 | *bak | Proto-Monic | to follow | to follow (Transitive Verb) |
V40.B | *pa̤k | Proto-Nyah Kur | to follow (Transitive Verb) | |
V40.A | *pɛ̤a̯k | Proto-Mon | to follow | |
V41 | *tbaak | Proto-Monic | to slash, split wood | to slash (flesh, vegetation) (with a sharp blade) (Transitive Verb) |
V41.B | *təpa̤ak | Proto-Nyah Kur | to slash (flesh, vegetation) (with a sharp blade) (Transitive Verb) | |
V41.A | *pa̤i̯c | Proto-Mon | to slash, split wood | |
V42 | *lɓak | Proto-Monic | to wear around the neck | to wear (cloth) across the shoulder (Transitive Verb) |
V42.B | *ləba̱k | Proto-Nyah Kur | to wear (cloth) across the shoulder (Transitive Verb) | |
V42.A | *[h]əɓa̱k | Proto-Mon | to wear around the neck | |
V43 | *ɓɔk | Proto-Monic | to chop, (dig with) hoe | to cut (rice, small plant) at ground level (with a hoe or spade) held at an angle while holding the stems with the left hand (Transitive Verb) |
V43.B | *bɔ̱k | Proto-Nyah Kur | to cut (rice, small plant) at ground level (with a hoe or spade) held at an angle while holding the stems with the left hand (Transitive Verb) | |
V43.A | *ɓɔ̱k | Proto-Mon | to chop, (dig with) hoe | |
V43a | *c[l]-m-ɓɔk | Proto-Monic | hoe, spade (n.) | hoe, spade (n.) |
V43a.B | *cləmbɔ̱k | Proto-Nyah Kur | hoe, spade (n.) | |
V43a.A | *həɓɔ̱k | Proto-Mon | hoe, spade (n.) | |
V44 | *cɓɔk | Proto-Monic | (bird) to peck | (bird) to peck (e.g. fruit), (snake) to strike (prey) (Transitive Verb) |
V44.B | *chəbɔ̱k | Proto-Nyah Kur | (bird) to peck (e.g. fruit), (snake) to strike (prey) (Transitive Verb) | |
V44.A | *ɓɔ̱k | Proto-Mon | (bird) to peck | |
V45 | *wak | Proto-Monic | to wear in one's ears | to hang (something) (to a nail, on a line...), e.g. to hang a gong, oneself... (Transitive Verb) |
V45.B | *wa̤k | Proto-Nyah Kur | to hang (something) (to a nail, on a line...), e.g. to hang a gong, oneself... (Transitive Verb) | |
V45.A | *wɛ̤a̯k | Proto-Mon | to wear in one's ears | |
V45a | *k-wak | Proto-Monic | to suspend, hang (e.g. a hook on a wall) | to hook and pull (e.g. coconuts, a girl's waist with one's arm); to hang (something) by its hook (Transitive Verb) |
V45a.B | *khwa̱k | Proto-Nyah Kur | to hook and pull (e.g. coconuts, a girl's waist with one's arm); to hang (something) by its hook (Transitive Verb) | |
V45a.A | *kwa̱k | Proto-Mon | to suspend, hang (e.g. a hook on a wall) | |
V46 | *traak | Proto-Monic | (humans) to moan, to complain when in pain (Intransitive Verb) | |
V46.B | *tra̱ak | Proto-Nyah Kur | (humans) to moan, to complain when in pain (Intransitive Verb) | |
V47 | *rik | Proto-Monic | to slice, cut with a sawing motion; to peel | to slit or slice (something soft), with a single motion towards oneself (Transitive Verb) |
V47.B | *ri̤c | Proto-Nyah Kur | to slit or slice (something soft), with a single motion towards oneself (Transitive Verb) | |
V47.A | *rʌ̤i̯c | Proto-Mon | to slice, cut with a sawing motion; to peel | |
V48 | *g[]rək | Proto-Monic | to shake (a tree, a bottle, one's head) | to shake (a tree, one's body) (Transitive Verb) |
V48.B | *khərə̤k | Proto-Nyah Kur | to shake (a tree, one's body) (Transitive Verb) | |
V48.A | *həra̤ɨ̯k | Proto-Mon | to shake (a tree, a bottle, one's head) | |
V49 | *laak | Proto-Monic | to split (e.g. bamboo) into fibers | to slice (tuber ...) thin, in one precise motion away from oneself (Transitive Verb) |
V49.B | *la̤ak | Proto-Nyah Kur | to slice (tuber ...) thin, in one precise motion away from oneself (Transitive Verb) | |
V49.A | *la̤i̯c | Proto-Mon | to split (e.g. bamboo) into fibers | |
V50 | *lmlaak | Proto-Monic | to open | to open one's eyes |
V50.B | *ləmla̤ak | Proto-Nyah Kur | to open one's eyes | |
V50.A | *pəla̤i̯c | Proto-Mon | to open | |
V51 | *[g]lɔk | Proto-Monic | to take out with the hand, scoop out, scoop up; to insert one's hand | to scoop out with hand from inside (e.g. a jar) (Transitive Verb) |
V51.B | *khlɔ̤k | Proto-Nyah Kur | to scoop out with hand from inside (e.g. a jar) (Transitive Verb) | |
V51.A | *klɔ̤k | Proto-Mon | to take out with the hand, scoop out, scoop up; to insert one's hand | |
V52 | *s-r-luk | Proto-Monic | to fit in, on, put on | to put on (clothes, shoes, headgear..., on self) (Transitive Verb) |
V52.B | *ɕhəlu̱k | Proto-Nyah Kur | to put on (clothes, shoes, headgear..., on self) (Transitive Verb) | |
V52.A | *həlɒ̱ɨ̯k | Proto-Mon | to fit in, on, put on | |
V53 | *klkək | Proto-Monic | to be dun-coloured, dirty, dusty | unclear (e.g. muddy water, cloudy skies...) |
V53.B | *khlə̱k | Proto-Nyah Kur | unclear (e.g. muddy water, cloudy skies...) | |
V53.A | *klɒ̱ɨ̯k | Proto-Mon | to be dun-coloured, dirty, dusty | |
V54 | *ɟlək̯, *ɟ[]lək | Proto-Monic | to be overcome by smoke, stifled; to emit smoke | to choke (on liquid or smoke, not on solid food) (Transitive Verb) |
V54.B | *khlə̤k̯, *chələ̤k | Proto-Nyah Kur | to choke (on liquid or smoke, not on solid food) (Transitive Verb) | |
V54.A | *kla̤ɨ̯k | Proto-Mon | to be overcome by smoke, stifled; to emit smoke | |
V55 | *jaak | Proto-Monic | to pound in a mortar, in order to remove inner pellicle | to pound (rice) in a large hand- or foot-mortar |
V55.B | *ja̤ak | Proto-Nyah Kur | to pound (rice) in a large hand- or foot-mortar | |
V55.A | *ja̤i̯c | Proto-Mon | to pound in a mortar, in order to remove inner pellicle | |
V56 | *[ʔ]jook | Proto-Monic | to be in good health | rain falls very hard |
V56.B | *jo̱ok | Proto-Nyah Kur | rain falls very hard | |
V56.A | *jə̤ɨ̯k | Proto-Mon | to be in good health | |
V57 | *juk | Proto-Monic | to lift, support, carry | to lift (something) (from somewhere) |
V57.B | *jṳk | Proto-Nyah Kur | to lift (something) (from somewhere) | |
V57.A | *ja̤ɨ̯k | Proto-Mon | to lift, support, carry | |
V58 | *khaak | Proto-Monic | to hawk, clear one's throat (of mucus) (Transitive Verb) | to hawk, clear one's throat (of mucus) (Transitive Verb) |
V58.B | *kha̱ak | Proto-Nyah Kur | to hawk, clear one's throat (of mucus) (Transitive Verb) | |
V58.A | *kha̱i̯c | Proto-Mon | to hawk, clear one's throat (of mucus) (Transitive Verb) | |
V59 | *kʔiəŋ / *kʔeeŋ | Proto-Monic | to list, be canted over, out of the vertical | to lean (something) (toward, not against something), e.g. -one's ear toward someone (Transitive Verb); to be slanted (Intransitive Verb); slantingly, e.g. to sit - (Adverb) |
V59.B | *khəʔe̱əŋ / *khəʔi̱aŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to lean (something) (toward, not against something), e.g. -one's ear toward someone (Transitive Verb); to be slanted (Intransitive Verb); slantingly, e.g. to sit - (Adverb) | |
V59.A | *həʔi̱ə̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | to list, be canted over, out of the vertical | |
V60 | *bʔɔŋ | Proto-Monic | to warm (oneself) (at the fire, in the sun...); be in childbirth | to warm (food, hands, self...) (at the fire) (Transitive Verb) |
V60.B | *phəʔɔ̱ŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to warm (food, hands, self...) (at the fire) (Transitive Verb) | |
V60.A | *ɓɔ̱ŋ | Proto-Mon | to warm (oneself) (at the fire, in the sun...); be in childbirth | |
V61 | *guŋ | Proto-Monic | to grasp, keep, take, take away, put away | (animal, human) to hold (something) in teeth, beak, lips (e.g. cigarette), but not in pincers (Transitive Verb) |
V61.B | *kṳŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | (animal, human) to hold (something) in teeth, beak, lips (e.g. cigarette), but not in pincers (Transitive Verb) | |
V61.A | *ka̤ɨ̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | to grasp, keep, take, take away, put away | |
V62 | *cɔŋ | Proto-Monic | to set light to, burn, roast, bake | to burn (something g, e.g. a corpse) |
V62.B | *cɔ̱ŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to burn (something g, e.g. a corpse) | |
V62.A | *cɔ̱ŋ | Proto-Mon | to set light to, burn, roast, bake | |
V63 | *ɟeeŋ | Proto-Monic | to sew (Transitive Verb) | to sew (Transitive Verb) |
V63.B | *ci̤iŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to sew (Transitive Verb) | |
V63.A | *cɤ̤i̯ɲ | Proto-Mon | to sew (Transitive Verb) | |
V64 | *[t/c]iəŋ | Proto-Monic | to be heavy, weighty, abstruse, profound; to be extreme in degree | (object) to be heavy; (body-part, e.g. head) to feel heavy; (person) to look sick (Intransitive Verb) |
V64.B | *kəcə̤ŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | (object) to be heavy; (body-part, e.g. head) to feel heavy; (person) to look sick (Intransitive Verb) | |
V64.A | *sa̤ɨ̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | to be heavy, weighty, abstruse, profound; to be extreme in degree | |
V64a | *ɟəŋ-ɟəŋ | Proto-Monic | weight, responsibility | to be heavy (Intransitive Verb); heavy (Attributive) |
V64a.B | *chəŋcə̤ŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to be heavy (Intransitive Verb); heavy (Attributive) | |
V64a.A | *ʔ/həja̤ɨ̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | weight, responsibility | |
V65 | *ɲ[a/ɔ]ŋ | Proto-Monic | like, as, according as | how; to be similar, like |
V65.B | *ɲ/ja̤n | Proto-Nyah Kur | how; to be similar, like | |
V65.A | *ɲɔ̤ŋ | Proto-Mon | like, as, according as | |
V66 | *taŋ | Proto-Monic | to place on something; (honorific) to lie down, go to bed, sleep | to set (a trap) |
V66.B | *ta̱ŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to set (a trap) | |
V66.A | *ta̱ŋ | Proto-Mon | to place on something; (honorific) to lie down, go to bed, sleep | |
V67 | *ktaŋ | Proto-Monic | to be bitter, to experience a bitter sensation | bitter, too sweet (Intransitive Verb) |
V67.B | *kəta̱ŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | bitter, too sweet (Intransitive Verb) | |
V67.A | *ʔəta̱ŋ | Proto-Mon | to be bitter, to experience a bitter sensation | |
V68 | *dooŋ | Proto-Monic | to obtain, to receive, to pay, to accept | to ask (for something) to be given, or returned, to the owner |
V68.B | *to̤oŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to ask (for something) to be given, or returned, to the owner | |
V68.A | *tə̤ɨ̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | to obtain, to receive, to pay, to accept | |
V69 | *pɗooŋ | Proto-Monic | to be salty | (food) not to be spicy-hot (Intransitive Verb) |
V69.B | *phədo̱oŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | (food) not to be spicy-hot (Intransitive Verb) | |
V69.A | *(pə)ɗʌ̱ɨ̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | to be salty | |
V70 | *naŋ | Proto-Monic | to bring, mainly as a Post-verb indicating movement towards the speaker | from (Preposition) |
V70.B | *na̤ŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | from (Preposition) | |
V70.A | *nɛ̤a̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | to bring, mainly as a Post-verb indicating movement towards the speaker | |
V71 | *piŋ | Proto-Monic | to be full of, complete | (substance) to fill (a container) (Transitive Verb) |
V71.B | *pi̱ɲ | Proto-Nyah Kur | (substance) to fill (a container) (Transitive Verb) | |
V71.A | *pʌ̱i̯ɲ | Proto-Mon | to be full of, complete | |
V72 | *ɓiiŋ | Proto-Monic | to swim | (fish, animals, humans) to swim |
V72.B | *bi̱iɲ | Proto-Nyah Kur | (fish, animals, humans) to swim | |
V72.A | *ɓɤ̱i̯ɲ | Proto-Mon | to swim | |
V73 | *maŋ | Proto-Monic | to wait (for), remain in one place, watch (for, over) | to wait for |
V73.B | *ma̤ŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to wait for | |
V73.A | *mɛ̤a̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | to wait (for), remain in one place, watch (for, over) | |
V74 | *dmɔŋ | Proto-Monic | to remain, be located | to set (e.g. a bag, a child...) upright (Transitive Verb) |
V74.B | *thəmɔ̤ŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to set (e.g. a bag, a child...) upright (Transitive Verb) | |
V74.A | *mɔ̤ŋ | Proto-Mon | to remain, be located | |
V74a | *d-r-mɔŋ | Proto-Monic | place, dwelling-place | the place for, where, of (Noun); /thəmɔ̤ŋ khəya̱ak/ rainbow |
V74a.B | *thəmɔ̤ŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | the place for, where, of (Noun); /thəmɔ̤ŋ khəya̱ak/ rainbow | |
V74a.A | *həmɔ̤ŋ | Proto-Mon | place, dwelling-place | |
V75 | *grmɯŋ | Proto-Monic | to hear (Transitive Verb) | to hear (Transitive Verb) |
V75.B | *khəmɯ̤ŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to hear (Transitive Verb) | |
V75.A | *mɤ̤i̯ɲ | Proto-Mon | to hear (Transitive Verb) | |
V76 | *wiŋ | Proto-Monic | to play, do for sport, to gamble | to play (a game) |
V76.B | *wi̤ɲ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to play (a game) | |
V76.A | *wʌ̤i̯ɲ | Proto-Mon | to play, do for sport, to gamble | |
V77 | *reeŋ | Proto-Monic | spicy-hot | spicy-hot |
V77.B | *ri̤iŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | spicy-hot | |
V77.A | *rɤ̤i̯ɲ | Proto-Mon | spicy-hot | |
V78 | *traŋ | Proto-Monic | to close (a door) (Transitive Verb) | |
V78.B | *tra̱ŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to close (a door) (Transitive Verb) | |
V78a | *t-m-raŋ | Proto-Monic | door | door |
V78a.B | *tə[n/m]ra̱ŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | door | |
V78a.A | *[k/p]əra̱ŋ | Proto-Mon | door | |
V79 | *praŋ | Proto-Monic | to send (e.g. a book, instructions); to entrust; to send (someone) (somewhere) | to entrust (something or someone) (to somebody); to offer (something) as a present (to someone) as a present (to someone) (Transitive Verb) |
V79.B | *pra̱ŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to entrust (something or someone) (to somebody); to offer (something) as a present (to someone) as a present (to someone) (Transitive Verb) | |
V79.A | *pra̱ŋ | Proto-Mon | to send (e.g. a book, instructions); to entrust; to send (someone) (somewhere) | |
V80 | *raaŋ | Proto-Monic | to open, unfold, expand | (flower) to bloom; (nostril) is dilated (Intransitive Verb) |
V80.B | *-ra̤aŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | (flower) to bloom; (nostril) is dilated (Intransitive Verb) | |
V80.A | *ra̤i̯ɲ | Proto-Mon | to open, unfold, expand | |
V80a | *-m-raaŋ | Proto-Monic | to open, splay, e.g. one's legs | open (flower) (Attributive) |
V80a.B | *-mra̤aŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | open (flower) (Attributive) | |
V80a.A | *həra̤i̯ɲ | Proto-Mon | to open, splay, e.g. one's legs | |
V81 | *praaŋ | Proto-Monic | to barbecue (e.g. meat, fish, slices of bananas or tubers) (at the fire) held between wooden stick (Transitive Verb) | |
V81.B | *pra̱aŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to barbecue (e.g. meat, fish, slices of bananas or tubers) (at the fire) held between wooden stick (Transitive Verb) | |
V81a | *p-m-raaŋ | Proto-Monic | to toast, roast, broil | barbecued (meat, fish, vegetable slices) (Attributive) |
V81a.B | *pəmra̱aŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | barbecued (meat, fish, vegetable slices) (Attributive) | |
V81a.A | *pəra̱i̯ɲ | Proto-Mon | to toast, roast, broil | |
V81b | *p-n-raaŋ | Proto-Monic | broiling sticks | |
V81b.B | *pənra̱aŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | broiling sticks | |
V82 | *trɔŋ | Proto-Monic | to be hard, firm to the touch, reach the second stage of ripeness, in full flavor, dark in colour | (person/fruit) to be fully grown but not old/ripe yet; to be dark in color (Intransitive Verb) |
V82.B | *trɔ̱ŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | (person/fruit) to be fully grown but not old/ripe yet; to be dark in color (Intransitive Verb) | |
V82.A | *krɔ̱ŋ | Proto-Mon | to be hard, firm to the touch, reach the second stage of ripeness, in full flavor, dark in colour | |
V83 | *ɟrooŋ | Proto-Monic | to cook (something, e.g. rice) by steaming (Transitive Verb) | to cook (something, e.g. rice) by steaming (Transitive Verb) |
V83.B | *chro̤oŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to cook (something, e.g. rice) by steaming (Transitive Verb) | |
V83.A | *sə̤ɨ̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | to cook (something, e.g. rice) by steaming (Transitive Verb) | |
V83a | *ɟ-n-rooŋ | Proto-Monic | (rice-) steamer (made of bamboo) (Noun) | (rice-) steamer (made of bamboo) (Noun) |
V83a.B | *chənro̤oŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | (rice-) steamer (made of bamboo) (Noun) | |
V83a.A | *hərə̤ɨ̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | (rice-) steamer (made of bamboo) (Noun) | |
V84 | *(s-)gruŋ | Proto-Monic | to laugh (at) | to laugh (Intransitive Verb); to laugh at (someone) (Transitive Verb) |
V84.B | *ɕhəkhrṳŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to laugh (Intransitive Verb); to laugh at (someone) (Transitive Verb) | |
V84.A | *kra̤ɨ̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | to laugh (at) | |
V85 | *cruŋ | Proto-Monic | to set up, to build (especially of perishable materials) | to set up (e.g. a pole, a stake) (Transitive Verb) |
V85.B | *cru̱ŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to set up (e.g. a pole, a stake) (Transitive Verb) | |
V85.A | *sɒ̱ɨ̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | to set up, to build (especially of perishable materials) | |
V86 | *ɟliiŋ | Proto-Monic | to be elongated | to be elongated |
V86.B | *khli̤iɲ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to be elongated | |
V86.A | *klɤ̤i̯ɲ | Proto-Mon | to be elongated | |
V86a | *ɟ-m-liiŋ | Proto-Monic | length (Noun) | long (Attributive) |
V86a.B | *chəmli̤iɲ | Proto-Nyah Kur | long (Attributive) | |
V86a.A | *həlɤ̤i̯ɲ | Proto-Mon | length (Noun) | |
V87 | *dliəŋ | Proto-Monic | to carry on, in baskets slung from a yoke | (one person) to carry (something) in baskets hagging on a yoke (Transitive Verb) |
V87.B | *khli̤aŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | (one person) to carry (something) in baskets hagging on a yoke (Transitive Verb) | |
V87.A | *kli̤ə̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | to carry on, in baskets slung from a yoke | |
V87a | *d[-r-]liəŋ | Proto-Monic | a porter's yoke | contents of baskets carried on a yoke (Noun) |
V87a.B | *thəli̤aŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | contents of baskets carried on a yoke (Noun) | |
V87a.A | *həli̤ə̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | a porter's yoke | |
V88 | *(c/t-)looŋ | Proto-Monic | to come | to come, frequently used as directional Post-Verb |
V88.B | *lo̤oŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to come, frequently used as directional Post-Verb | |
V88.A | *klʌ̱ɨ̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | to come | |
V88a | *[t/c][]-looŋ | Proto-Monic | to welcome, to receive formally | to bring (something); to guide (someone) (Transitive Verb) |
V88a.B | *chəlo̱oŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to bring (something); to guide (someone) (Transitive Verb) | |
V88a.A | *kəlʌ̱ɨ̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | to welcome, to receive formally | |
V89 | *slooŋ | Proto-Monic | to be high, tall, in a position of social eminence | (person, standing object) be tall (Intransitive Verb); (the top part of, e.g. a mountain, clouds, sky) be high up (Intransitive Verb); high (Adverb) |
V89.B | *ɕhlo̱oŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | (person, standing object) be tall (Intransitive Verb); (the top part of, e.g. a mountain, clouds, sky) be high up (Intransitive Verb); high (Adverb) | |
V89.A | *hlʌ̱ɨ̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | to be high, tall, in a position of social eminence | |
V89a | *s-m-looŋ | Proto-Monic | high (Attributive) | the top (of something); a high place (Noun) |
V89a.B | *ɕəmlo̱oŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | the top (of something); a high place (Noun) | |
V89a.A | *həlʌ̱ɨ̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | high (Attributive) | |
V90 | *gləŋ | Proto-Monic | to be much, many, numerous | to be many, much (Intransitive Verb); in great numbers or quantity (Adverb); many, much (Attributive) |
V90.B | *khlə̤ŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to be many, much (Intransitive Verb); in great numbers or quantity (Adverb); many, much (Attributive) | |
V90.A | *kla̤ɨ̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | to be much, many, numerous | |
V90a | *g-m-ləŋ | Proto-Monic | many, much (Attributive); denotes a general or class plurality | many, much (Attributive) |
V90a.B | *khəmlə̤ŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | many, much (Attributive) | |
V90a.A | *həla̤ɨ̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | many, much (Attributive); denotes a general or class plurality | |
V91 | *siəŋ | Proto-Monic | (usually in negative) (not) to be the case | (usually, but not always in Negative Sentence) (not) to be right; (something/someone) (not) to be (something/someone) (Intransitive Verb) |
V91.B | *ɕi̱aŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | (usually, but not always in Negative Sentence) (not) to be right; (something/someone) (not) to be (something/someone) (Intransitive Verb) | |
V91.A | *si̱ə̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | (usually in negative) (not) to be the case | |
V92 | *sooŋ | Proto-Monic | to drink, to inhale the smoke of | to drink (liquid, but not e.g. soup); to smell (something, e.g. a flower, a girl's cheek) (Transitive Verb); to inhale smoke |
V92.B | *ɕo̱oŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to drink (liquid, but not e.g. soup); to smell (something, e.g. a flower, a girl's cheek) (Transitive Verb); to inhale smoke | |
V92.A | *sʌ̱ɨ̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | to drink, to inhale the smoke of | |
V93 | *[g]juŋ | Proto-Monic | to live, be alive; to be raw | |
V93.A | *cja̤ɨ̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | to live, be alive; to be raw | |
V93a | *[g]-m-juŋ | Proto-Monic | to live, maintain life | to be alive (Intransitive Verb); alive (Attributive) |
V93a.B | *khəmjṳŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to be alive (Intransitive Verb); alive (Attributive) | |
V93a.A | *həja̤ɨ̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | to live, maintain life | |
V94 | *thiəŋ | Proto-Monic | to think, believe, expect | to argue, dispute, debate |
V94.B | *thi̱əŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to argue, dispute, debate | |
V94.A | *thi̱e̯ŋ | Proto-Mon | to think, believe, expect | |
V95 | *thaŋ | Proto-Monic | to thirst after (e.g. water, mother's breast...) | to thirst for (water) (Transitive Verb) |
V95.B | *tha̱ŋ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to thirst for (water) (Transitive Verb) | |
V95.A | *tha̱ŋ | Proto-Mon | to thirst after (e.g. water, mother's breast...) | |
V96 | *ŋuuc | Proto-Monic | to swallow (food, liquid) (Transitive Verb) | to swallow (food, liquid) (Transitive Verb) |
V96.B | *ŋṳuc | Proto-Nyah Kur | to swallow (food, liquid) (Transitive Verb) | |
V96.A | *ŋi̤t | Proto-Mon | to swallow (food, liquid) (Transitive Verb) | |
V97 | *cac | Proto-Monic | to prick, sting, stick in, plant upright, to propel with pole | to prick (body part) (with thorn...); to pick (teeth) (with tooth-pick...); to tuck in (e.g. edge of mat, in weaving); (thorn...) to prick (body part) (Transitive Verb) |
V97.B | *cɛ̱c | Proto-Nyah Kur | to prick (body part) (with thorn...); to pick (teeth) (with tooth-pick...); to tuck in (e.g. edge of mat, in weaving); (thorn...) to prick (body part) (Transitive Verb) | |
V97.A | *cɔ̱t | Proto-Mon | to prick, sting, stick in, plant upright, to propel with pole | |
V98 | *daac | Proto-Monic | to strike with the flat of the hand, slap, beat out (iron), stamp | to forge, beat (iron) (into a knife, axe...); to forge (a knife, an axe...); to strike (a match) (Transitive Verb) |
V98.B | *ta̤ac | Proto-Nyah Kur | to forge, beat (iron) (into a knife, axe...); to forge (a knife, an axe...); to strike (a match) (Transitive Verb) | |
V98.A | *ta̤t | Proto-Mon | to strike with the flat of the hand, slap, beat out (iron), stamp | |
V98a | *d-m-aac | Proto-Monic | smith (Noun) | |
V98a.A | *həma̤t | Proto-Mon | smith (Noun) | |
V99 | *[cr/c]nɗic | Proto-Monic | to kick | to kick forward with the sole (Transitive Verb) |
V99.B | *chə[r]ndi̱c | Proto-Nyah Kur | to kick forward with the sole (Transitive Verb) | |
V99.A | *hənɤ̱i̯c | Proto-Mon | to kick | |
V100 | *[]ɗac | Proto-Monic | to hatch out | (chick, snake, maggot...) to hatch (out) (from egg) (v.mov) |
V100.B | *dɛ̱c | Proto-Nyah Kur | (chick, snake, maggot...) to hatch (out) (from egg) (v.mov) | |
V100.A | *ɗɔ̱t | Proto-Mon | to hatch out | |
V101 | *[t]ɗaac | Proto-Monic | to be sweet; to be cooked without strong seasoning | to be sweet-tasting; (mouth) to be soft-spoken (Intransitive Verb) |
V101.B | *[t]həda̱ac | Proto-Nyah Kur | to be sweet-tasting; (mouth) to be soft-spoken (Intransitive Verb) | |
V101.A | *ɗa̱t | Proto-Mon | to be sweet; to be cooked without strong seasoning | |
V101a | *[t]-m-ɗaaac | Proto-Monic | sweetness, sweet thing | to be sweet (Intransitive Verb); sweet (Attributive) |
V101a.B | *[təm]da̱ac | Proto-Nyah Kur | to be sweet (Intransitive Verb); sweet (Attributive) | |
V101a.A | *həna̱t | Proto-Mon | sweetness, sweet thing | |
V102 | *puuc | Proto-Monic | to gouge with chisel, mortise | (person, insect...) to bore a hole into (something) (Transitive Verb) |
V102.B | *pu̱uc | Proto-Nyah Kur | (person, insect...) to bore a hole into (something) (Transitive Verb) | |
V102.A | *pu̱t | Proto-Mon | to gouge with chisel, mortise | |
V102a | *p-[n/rn]-uuc | Proto-Monic | a chisel (Noun) | a chisel (Noun) |
V102a.B | *phənu̱uc | Proto-Nyah Kur | a chisel (Noun) | |
V102a.A | *[pə-/h-]nu̱t | Proto-Mon | a chisel (Noun) | |
V103 | *gwaac | Proto-Monic | to scratch, rake, e.g. one's head | to scratch with nails forcefully (Transitive Verb) |
V103.B | *khwa̤ac | Proto-Nyah Kur | to scratch with nails forcefully (Transitive Verb) | |
V103.A | *kwa̤t | Proto-Mon | to scratch, rake, e.g. one's head | |
V104 | *rac | Proto-Monic | to reap, cut (standing crops) | to cut (e.g. rice plant) halfway down or near the ground (with a sickle) (Transitive Verb) |
V104.B | *rɛ̤c | Proto-Nyah Kur | to cut (e.g. rice plant) halfway down or near the ground (with a sickle) (Transitive Verb) | |
V104.A | *rɔ̤t | Proto-Mon | to reap, cut (standing crops) | |
V104a | *r-n-ac | Proto-Monic | sickle | |
V104a.A | *nɔ̤t | Proto-Mon | sickle | |
V105 | *klac | Proto-Monic | to steal (Transitive Verb) | to steal (Transitive Verb) |
V105.B | *khlɛ̱c | Proto-Nyah Kur | to steal (Transitive Verb) | |
V105.A | *klɔ̱t | Proto-Mon | to steal (Transitive Verb) | |
V106 | *t[r]laac | Proto-Monic | to be bare, bald, shaven | (head, pubis) to be bale; (hill) to be bare of vegetation (Intransitive Verb) |
V106.B | *təla̱ac | Proto-Nyah Kur | (head, pubis) to be bale; (hill) to be bare of vegetation (Intransitive Verb) | |
V106.A | *həla̱t | Proto-Mon | to be bare, bald, shaven | |
V107 | *luuc | Proto-Monic | to err, do wrong, commit a fault, offence, to sin | to be wrong (i.e. not true, not socially acceptable, not materially suitable, not successful) (Intransitive Verb); wrong (Attributive); wrongly (Adverb) |
V107.B | *lṳuc | Proto-Nyah Kur | to be wrong (i.e. not true, not socially acceptable, not materially suitable, not successful) (Intransitive Verb); wrong (Attributive); wrongly (Adverb) | |
V107.A | *lṳt | Proto-Mon | to err, do wrong, commit a fault, offence, to sin | |
V108 | *kluuc | Proto-Monic | to germinate, to sprout | (seed, plant) to germinate, to come out of the ground; (teeth, nail, hair) to grow from the base (Intransitive Verb) |
V108.B | *khlu̱uc | Proto-Nyah Kur | (seed, plant) to germinate, to come out of the ground; (teeth, nail, hair) to grow from the base (Intransitive Verb) | |
V108.A | *klu̱t | Proto-Mon | to germinate, to sprout | |
V109 | *ksac | Proto-Monic | to put in, to insert | |
V109.A | *chɔ̱t | Proto-Mon | to put in, to insert | |
V109a | *k[r]sac | Proto-Monic | (body part, skin) to have an inside lump or growth (Intransitive Verb) | |
V109a.B | *kəɕɛ̱c | Proto-Nyah Kur | (body part, skin) to have an inside lump or growth (Intransitive Verb) | |
V110 | *saac | Proto-Monic | to scoop up, draw, bale | to bale (water) |
V110.B | *ɕa̱ac | Proto-Nyah Kur | to bale (water) | |
V110.A | *sa̱t | Proto-Mon | to scoop up, draw, bale | |
V110a | *krn-saac | Proto-Monic | to scatter (seeds) by throwing them upwards, one handful at a time; to throw (water) up; to splash (water) (on someone, on each other) (Transitive Verb); (rain) to spray in (Verb of Motion) | |
V110a.B | *krəɕa̱ac | Proto-Nyah Kur | to scatter (seeds) by throwing them upwards, one handful at a time; to throw (water) up; to splash (water) (on someone, on each other) (Transitive Verb); (rain) to spray in (Verb of Motion) | |
V111 | *phiic | Proto-Monic | to fear, be afraid of | to be afraid (Intransitive Verb); to fear (someone, something, that something will happen) (Transitive Verb) |
V111.B | *phi̱ic | Proto-Nyah Kur | to be afraid (Intransitive Verb); to fear (someone, something, that something will happen) (Transitive Verb) | |
V111.A | *phʌ̱i̯c | Proto-Mon | to fear, be afraid of | |
V111a | *[p/b]-[r]-hiic | Proto-Monic | frightening (spirit) (Attributive) | |
V111a.B | *pəhi̱ic | Proto-Nyah Kur | frightening (spirit) (Attributive) | |
V112 | *theəc | Proto-Monic | to be good, right, seemly, auspicious, fair; to be right to, ought | |
V112.A | *thʌ̱i̯c | Proto-Mon | to be good, right, seemly, auspicious, fair; to be right to, ought | |
V112a | *t-m-heəc | Proto-Monic | (people, typically of women) to be very good-looking, very attractive (Intransitive Verb) | |
V112a.B | *təmhe̱ec | Proto-Nyah Kur | (people, typically of women) to be very good-looking, very attractive (Intransitive Verb) | |
V113 | *kt[h]aac | Proto-Monic | to rub between palms of the hands | to rub, roll (something) rapidly between palms of the hands; to rub one's (hands) (Transitive Verb) |
V113.B | *kətha̱ac | Proto-Nyah Kur | to rub, roll (something) rapidly between palms of the hands; to rub one's (hands) (Transitive Verb) | |
V113.A | *kəta̱t | Proto-Mon | to rub between palms of the hands | |
V114 | *khɔɔc | Proto-Monic | to whistle (Intransitive Verb) (not to whistle at) | |
V114.B | *khu̱ac | Proto-Nyah Kur | to whistle (Intransitive Verb) (not to whistle at) | |
V114a | *k-c-hɔɔc | Proto-Monic | to whistle | |
V114a.A | *[kə]cho̱t | Proto-Mon | to whistle | |
V114b | *p-c-hɔɔc | Proto-Monic | to whistle | |
V114b.A | *[pə]cho̱t | Proto-Mon | to whistle | |
V115 | *kuɲ | Proto-Monic | to be hump-backed | (humans, animals, typically domestic dogs) to sleep (in foetal position) (Adverb) |
V115.B | *ku̱ɲ | Proto-Nyah Kur | (humans, animals, typically domestic dogs) to sleep (in foetal position) (Adverb) | |
V115.A | *ku̱n | Proto-Mon | to be hump-backed | |
V116 | *taaɲ | Proto-Monic | to plait, twill (bamboo, cane, or similar material) | to plait (especially rattan mats); to weave (cloth) (Transitive Verb) |
V116.B | *ta̱aɲ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to plait (especially rattan mats); to weave (cloth) (Transitive Verb) | |
V116.A | *ta̱n | Proto-Mon | to plait, twill (bamboo, cane, or similar material) | |
V117 | *[c]ɗaɲ | Proto-Monic | to catch with hook and line, to angle | |
V117.A | *ɗɔ̱n | Proto-Mon | to catch with hook and line, to angle | |
V117a | *c-rn-ɗaɲ | Proto-Monic | fishhook | fishhook |
V117a.B | *cərndɛ̱ɲ | Proto-Nyah Kur | fishhook | |
V117a.A | *həno̱n | Proto-Mon | fishhook | |
V118 | *paɲ | Proto-Monic | to shoot (e.g. an animal) (with e.g. a bow); to shoot (a gun, a bow...) (Transitive Verb) | to shoot (e.g. an animal) (with e.g. a bow); to shoot (a gun, a bow...) |
V118.B | *pɛ̱ɲ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to shoot (e.g. an animal) (with e.g. a bow); to shoot (a gun, a bow...) | |
V118.A | *pɔ̱n | Proto-Mon | to shoot (e.g. an animal) (with e.g. a bow); to shoot (a gun, a bow...) (Transitive Verb) | |
V119 | *smaaɲ | Proto-Monic | to inquire | to inquire (about something) (from someone) (Transitive Verb) |
V119.B | *ɕhma̱aɲ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to inquire (about something) (from someone) (Transitive Verb) | |
V119.A | *hma̱n | Proto-Mon | to inquire | |
V120 | *raaɲ | Proto-Monic | to buy (Transitive Verb) | to buy (Transitive Verb) |
V120.B | *ra̤aɲ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to buy (Transitive Verb) | |
V120.A | *ra̤n | Proto-Mon | to buy (Transitive Verb) | |
V121 | *klaaɲ | Proto-Monic | to lick, taste | to lick (usually in order to taste); (fire) to come close to (e.g. a roof) (Transitive Verb) |
V121.B | *khla̱aɲ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to lick (usually in order to taste); (fire) to come close to (e.g. a roof) (Transitive Verb) | |
V121.A | *kla̱n | Proto-Mon | to lick, taste | |
V122 | *t-m-ʔiət | Proto-Monic | to be stingy | to be stingy with (e.g. rice); to feel possessive of (e.g. one's children) (Transitive Verb) |
V122.B | *təmʔi̱at | Proto-Nyah Kur | to be stingy with (e.g. rice); to feel possessive of (e.g. one's children) (Transitive Verb) | |
V122.A | *həʔə̱t | Proto-Mon | to be stingy | |
V123 | *sʔuut | Proto-Monic | become stale | (cooked food) to become stale (Intransitive Verb) |
V123.B | *ɕhəʔu̱ut | Proto-Nyah Kur | (cooked food) to become stale (Intransitive Verb) | |
V123.A | *sʔu̱t | Proto-Mon | become stale | |
V124 | *ʔət | Proto-Monic | all, exhausted, to be out of | (something) to be used up, all gone (Intransitive Verb); (to do something) all over, completely, thoroughly (Adverb) |
V124.B | *ʔə̱t | Proto-Nyah Kur | (something) to be used up, all gone (Intransitive Verb); (to do something) all over, completely, thoroughly (Adverb) | |
V124.A | *ʔɒ̱ə̯t | Proto-Mon | all, exhausted, to be out of | |
V125 | *kiət | Proto-Monic | to take, fetch, obtain, to wish to have, want | to take (Transitive Verb) |
V125.B | *ci̱at | Proto-Nyah Kur | to take (Transitive Verb) | |
V125.A | *ke̱t | Proto-Mon | to take, fetch, obtain, to wish to have, want | |
V126 | *ckat | Proto-Monic | to pinch (with nails) (Transitive Verb) | |
V126.B | *cəka̱t | Proto-Nyah Kur | to pinch (with nails) (Transitive Verb) | |
V127 | *tkat | Proto-Monic | to feel cold, feverish (Intransitive Verb) | |
V127.B | *təka̱t | Proto-Nyah Kur | to feel cold, feverish (Intransitive Verb) | |
V127a | *t-ŋ-kat | Proto-Monic | cold season | early morning mist (Attributive) |
V127a.B | *təŋka̱t | Proto-Nyah Kur | early morning mist (Attributive) | |
V127a.A | *həkɔ̱t | Proto-Mon | cold season | |
V128 | *kuut | Proto-Monic | to cut off, amputate | |
V128.A | *ku̱t | Proto-Mon | to cut off, amputate | |
V128a | *t[r]-kuut | Proto-Monic | to be severed, to sever | |
V128a.A | *həku̱t | Proto-Mon | to be severed, to sever | |
V128b | *t-ŋ-kuut | Proto-Monic | a segment, a portion, a piece | a segment |
V128b.B | *təŋku̱ut | Proto-Nyah Kur | a segment | |
V128b.A | *həku̱t | Proto-Mon | a segment, a portion, a piece | |
V129 | *trŋkət | Proto-Monic | to startle, be startled | to be startled (Intransitive Verb) |
V129.B | *tərŋkə̱t | Proto-Nyah Kur | to be startled (Intransitive Verb) | |
V129.A | *təkɒ̱ə̯t | Proto-Mon | to startle, be startled | |
V130 | *kɯt | Proto-Monic | to bite | (people, animals, insects) to bite (Transitive Verb) |
V130.B | *kɯ̱t | Proto-Nyah Kur | (people, animals, insects) to bite (Transitive Verb) | |
V130.A | *ki̱t | Proto-Mon | to bite | |
V131 | *kcət | Proto-Monic | to die (Intransitive Verb) | to die (Intransitive Verb) |
V131.B | *kəce̱t | Proto-Nyah Kur | to die (Intransitive Verb) | |
V131.A | *chɒ̱ə̯t | Proto-Mon | to die (Intransitive Verb) | |
V131a | *k-r-cət | Proto-Monic | to kill (Transitive Verb) | to kill (Transitive Verb) |
V131a.B | *kərce̱t | Proto-Nyah Kur | to kill (Transitive Verb) | |
V131a.A | *həcɒ̱ə̯t | Proto-Mon | to kill (Transitive Verb) | |
V132 | *[]cɯɯt | Proto-Monic | short time, moment | for a while, a while |
V132.B | *cɯ̱ɯt | Proto-Nyah Kur | for a while, a while | |
V132.A | *(ʔə-)cu̱t | Proto-Mon | short time, moment | |
V133 | *ɟ[u]t | Proto-Monic | to wipe | to wipe (e.g. dust) off (from a place); to rub (e.g. body-dirt) off (from e.g. one's arm) (Transitive Verb) |
V133.B | *cɯ̤t | Proto-Nyah Kur | to wipe (e.g. dust) off (from a place); to rub (e.g. body-dirt) off (from e.g. one's arm) (Transitive Verb) | |
V133.A | *cə̤t | Proto-Mon | to wipe | |
V134 | *tɯt | Proto-Monic | to come out | (person) to get out (e.g. of a room); (object) to come out (of a place) (Verb of Motion) |
V134.B | *tɯ̱t | Proto-Nyah Kur | (person) to get out (e.g. of a room); (object) to come out (of a place) (Verb of Motion) | |
V134.A | *tɒ̱i̯t | Proto-Mon | to come out | |
V135 | *t[]nat | Proto-Monic | upper end (Noun) | extremely (Adverb) |
V135.B | *thana̱t | Proto-Nyah Kur | extremely (Adverb) | |
V135.A | *kəno̱t | Proto-Mon | upper end (Noun) | |
V136 | *pat | Proto-Monic | to squeeze, press, wring | to squeeze (something) out (of an object) held in the palm of one hand; to squeeze (an object) in this way (Transitive Verb) |
V136.B | *pa̱t | Proto-Nyah Kur | to squeeze (something) out (of an object) held in the palm of one hand; to squeeze (an object) in this way (Transitive Verb) | |
V136.A | *pɔ̱t | Proto-Mon | to squeeze, press, wring | |
V137 | *smpɔɔt | Proto-Monic | to stroke, rub, pass hand over | to wipe or squeeze (something) out of a long object, in long deliberate strokes, usually with one hand (in order e.g. to squeeze fecal matter out of intestines, or wipe the slime off an eel with a leaf of teh tooth-brush tree, Streblus asper |
V137.B | *ɕəmpu̱at | Proto-Nyah Kur | to wipe or squeeze (something) out of a long object, in long deliberate strokes, usually with one hand (in order e.g. to squeeze fecal matter out of intestines, or wipe the slime off an eel with a leaf of teh tooth-brush tree, Streblus asper) | |
V137.A | *po̱t | Proto-Mon | to stroke, rub, pass hand over | |
V138 | *-put | Proto-Monic | to be cut off, truncated | (elongated object) to be truncated, cut in two (Intransitive Verb) |
V138.B | *(m)-pu̱t | Proto-Nyah Kur | (elongated object) to be truncated, cut in two (Intransitive Verb) | |
V138.A | *pɒ̱ə̯t | Proto-Mon | to be cut off, truncated | |
V139 | *bat | Proto-Monic | to be firm, fast | |
V139.A | *pɔ̤t | Proto-Mon | to be firm, fast | |
V139a | *k[-r-]bat | Proto-Monic | to wear across (chest, shoulder); to wrap (breasts) tightly in garment (Transitive Verb) | |
V139a.B | *kəpha̤t | Proto-Nyah Kur | to wear across (chest, shoulder); to wrap (breasts) tightly in garment (Transitive Verb) | |
V140 | *buut | Proto-Monic | to operate a rotary mechanical device, grind in quern; pass through rollers; turn on lathe, make fire by turning pointed stick in hole | to wax (a thread) (with wax) (Transitive Verb) |
V140.B | *pṳut | Proto-Nyah Kur | to wax (a thread) (with wax) (Transitive Verb) | |
V140.A | *pṳt | Proto-Mon | to operate a rotary mechanical device, grind in quern; pass through rollers; turn on lathe, make fire by turning pointed stick in hole | |
V141 | *t[l]mɓ[ɛɛ/aa]t | Proto-Monic | flattened | (roundish object) to be flattened by pressure (e.g. a metal pot or a snake crushed by wheels, a louse pinched by nails, breasts compressed in a garment) (Intransitive Verb) |
V141.B | *tləmɓɛ̱ɛt | Proto-Nyah Kur | (roundish object) to be flattened by pressure (e.g. a metal pot or a snake crushed by wheels, a louse pinched by nails, breasts compressed in a garment) (Intransitive Verb) | |
V141.A | *həɓa̱t | Proto-Mon | flattened | |
V142 | *kɓat | Proto-Monic | to seize, take power over; /cɔ̱m bɔ̱t/ to feel, palpate | to press (e.g. a ball of sticky rice, a clump of clay) gently in the palm of one hand, in order to give it a ball-shape (Transitive Verb) |
V142.B | *khəba̱t | Proto-Nyah Kur | to press (e.g. a ball of sticky rice, a clump of clay) gently in the palm of one hand, in order to give it a ball-shape (Transitive Verb) | |
V142.A | *ɓɔ̱t | Proto-Mon | to seize, take power over; /cɔ̱m bɔ̱t/ to feel, palpate | |
V142a | *k-m-ɓat | Proto-Monic | portion of food | a fistful (especially of cooked sticky rice) (Noun) |
V142a.B | *kəmba̱t | Proto-Nyah Kur | a fistful (especially of cooked sticky rice) (Noun) | |
V142a.A | *həmo̱t | Proto-Mon | portion of food | |
V143 | *ɓ[ɔ/ə]t | Proto-Monic | to stretch, twist one's body | to bend (e.g. a branch); to curl (hair); to twist (one's body, finger...) (Transitive Verb) |
V143.B | *bɔ̱t | Proto-Nyah Kur | to bend (e.g. a branch); to curl (hair); to twist (one's body, finger...) (Transitive Verb) | |
V143.A | *ɓɒ̱ə̯t | Proto-Mon | to stretch, twist one's body | |
V144 | *dwət | Proto-Monic | to forget | to forget (something, to do something) (Transitive Verb); to forget (Intransitive Verb) |
V144.B | *thəwə̤t | Proto-Nyah Kur | to forget (something, to do something) (Transitive Verb); to forget (Intransitive Verb) | |
V144.A | *wə̤t | Proto-Mon | to forget | |
V145 | *klaat | Proto-Monic | to spit out; (animals) to ruminate | to spew out (e.g. remnants of betel-quid, fish-bones, fruit-pits...) (Transitive Verb) |
V145.B | *khla̱at | Proto-Nyah Kur | to spew out (e.g. remnants of betel-quid, fish-bones, fruit-pits...) (Transitive Verb) | |
V145.A | *kla̱t | Proto-Mon | to spit out; (animals) to ruminate | |
V146 | *lɔɔt | Proto-Monic | to fall prone, especially as a result of exhaustion or weakness | (animal, person) to fall (from a standing position) (Verb of Motion) |
V146.B | *lṳat | Proto-Nyah Kur | (animal, person) to fall (from a standing position) (Verb of Motion) | |
V146.A | *lo̤t | Proto-Mon | to fall prone, especially as a result of exhaustion or weakness | |
V147 | *plət | Proto-Monic | to be extinguished, eliminated, to set | (fire, light) to be extinguished (v.stative); (fire, light) to go out (by itself) (Intransitive Verb) |
V147.B | *phlə̱t | Proto-Nyah Kur | (fire, light) to be extinguished (v.stative); (fire, light) to go out (by itself) (Intransitive Verb) | |
V147.A | *plɒ̱ə̯t | Proto-Mon | to be extinguished, eliminated, to set | |
V147a | *p[-r-]lət | Proto-Monic | to extinguish, put out | to extinguish, put out (fire, light) (Transitive Verb) |
V147a.B | *pələ̱t | Proto-Nyah Kur | to extinguish, put out (fire, light) (Transitive Verb) | |
V147a.A | *pəlɒ̱ə̯t | Proto-Mon | to extinguish, put out | |
V148 | *t[-r-]lɯt | Proto-Monic | to be smooth, fluent; to slip | (person) to slip (on something) (Verb of Motion); (object) to be slippery (Intransitive Verb) |
V148.B | *təlɯ̱t | Proto-Nyah Kur | (person) to slip (on something) (Verb of Motion); (object) to be slippery (Intransitive Verb) | |
V148.A | *kəli̱t | Proto-Mon | to be smooth, fluent; to slip | |
V149 | *lʔun | Proto-Monic | to be flexible, soft to touch | (object, e.g. body-part, vegetal) to be flexible, soft to touch (Intransitive Verb) |
V149.B | *ləʔu̱n | Proto-Nyah Kur | (object, e.g. body-part, vegetal) to be flexible, soft to touch (Intransitive Verb) | |
V149.A | *ɗɒ̱ə̯n | Proto-Mon | to be flexible, soft to touch | |
V149a | *l[--]ʔun | Proto-Monic | ||
V149b | *[t]l-m-ʔun | Proto-Monic | (vegetal) not yet grown, tender | |
V149b.B | *tləmʔu̱n | Proto-Nyah Kur | (vegetal) not yet grown, tender | |
V150 | *cŋgɯn | Proto-Monic | to carry (a rigid object) over one's shoulder | to carry (a load) on one's shoulder (Transitive Verb) |
V150.B | *cəŋkɯ̤n | Proto-Nyah Kur | to carry (a load) on one's shoulder (Transitive Verb) | |
V150.A | *təŋ[ɯ̱/i̱]n | Proto-Mon | to carry (a rigid object) over one's shoulder | |
V151 | *pcan | Proto-Monic | to send word, issue an order | to give instructions to (someone) (to do something); to say (something) when leaving a place or someone; to bid farewell to (someone) (Transitive Verb) |
V151.B | *pəca̱n | Proto-Nyah Kur | to give instructions to (someone) (to do something); to say (something) when leaving a place or someone; to bid farewell to (someone) (Transitive Verb) | |
V151.A | *phjɔ̱n | Proto-Mon | to send word, issue an order | |
V152 | *ɲan | Proto-Monic | to be near, close, to be tight, to be crowded | being close, being nearby (Adverb); usually reduplicated |
V152.B | *ɲa̤n | Proto-Nyah Kur | being close, being nearby (Adverb); usually reduplicated | |
V152.A | *ɲo̤n | Proto-Mon | to be near, close, to be tight, to be crowded | |
V153 | *tun | Proto-Monic | to go up, climb | (e.g. sun, water level, one's mood) to go up; (someone) to climb (e.g. a ladder, a tree, a hill); (someone) to climb on (e.g. a buffalo); (someone) to get up from (e.g. bed) (Verb of Motion); up (Post-Verb) |
V153.B | *tu̱n | Proto-Nyah Kur | (e.g. sun, water level, one's mood) to go up; (someone) to climb (e.g. a ladder, a tree, a hill); (someone) to climb on (e.g. a buffalo); (someone) to get up from (e.g. bed) (Verb of Motion); up (Post-Verb) | |
V153.A | *tɒ̱ə̯n | Proto-Mon | to go up, climb | |
V153a | *p-tun | Proto-Monic | to raise, elevate, appoint to a position of eminence; to compose, to remit; to draw (a crossbow) | to arm (a spring-trap); to tense (the bow of a cross-bow, in order to tie the string to it) |
V153a.B | *pətu̱n | Proto-Nyah Kur | to arm (a spring-trap); to tense (the bow of a cross-bow, in order to tie the string to it) | |
V153a.A | *pətɒ̱ə̯n | Proto-Mon | to raise, elevate, appoint to a position of eminence; to compose, to remit; to draw (a crossbow) | |
V153b | *t-[r]n-un | Proto-Monic | ladder, stairs | ladder, stairs |
V153b.B | *tənu̱n | Proto-Nyah Kur | ladder, stairs | |
V153b.A | *kəni̱n | Proto-Mon | ladder, stairs | |
V154 | *[p[r]/p]ɗiən | Proto-Monic | to light, kindle, be lit by | to transfer fire to (something) by direct contact with embers (Transitive Verb) |
V154.B | *pədi̱an | Proto-Nyah Kur | to transfer fire to (something) by direct contact with embers (Transitive Verb) | |
V154.A | *ɗe̱n | Proto-Mon | to light, kindle, be lit by | |
V155 | *ɗuun | Proto-Monic | to cook, simmer, distil | to place (e.g. a pot) on the stove (not necessarily for cooking, may be simply to keep it away from ants...); to heat (e.g. rice, curry, alcohol) on the stove (Transitive Verb) |
V155.B | *du̱un | Proto-Nyah Kur | to place (e.g. a pot) on the stove (not necessarily for cooking, may be simply to keep it away from ants...); to heat (e.g. rice, curry, alcohol) on the stove (Transitive Verb) | |
V155.A | *ɗu̱n | Proto-Mon | to cook, simmer, distil | |
V156 | *ban | Proto-Monic | to embrace, hug, put one's arms around | (e.g. a snake, a creeper, hair) to coil itself around (something) (Verb of Motion); to wrap (e.g. a wound with a piece of cloth) (Transitive Verb) |
V156.B | *pa̤n | Proto-Nyah Kur | (e.g. a snake, a creeper, hair) to coil itself around (something) (Verb of Motion); to wrap (e.g. a wound with a piece of cloth) (Transitive Verb) | |
V156.A | *pɔ̤n | Proto-Mon | to embrace, hug, put one's arms around | |
V156a | *k-m-ban | Proto-Monic | to embrace (someone, each other...); to hold (e.g. one's knees, chest, head...) in one's arms (Transitive Verb) | |
V156a.B | *kəmpa̤n | Proto-Nyah Kur | to embrace (someone, each other...); to hold (e.g. one's knees, chest, head...) in one's arms (Transitive Verb) | |
V157 | *[ʔ]maan | Proto-Monic | to win, be able to do (especially physically) | to be successful in hunting, gambling (Intransitive Verb) |
V157.B | *[ʔ]ma̱an | Proto-Nyah Kur | to be successful in hunting, gambling (Intransitive Verb) | |
V157.A | *ma̤n | Proto-Mon | to win, be able to do (especially physically) | |
V158 | *wiən | Proto-Monic | to be crooked, deformed, lame | (animal, insect) to be curled upon itself, around a small object (Intransitive Verb) |
V158.B | *wi̤an | Proto-Nyah Kur | (animal, insect) to be curled upon itself, around a small object (Intransitive Verb) | |
V158.A | *we̤n | Proto-Mon | to be crooked, deformed, lame | |
V158a | *[k[r]/k]wiən | Proto-Monic | (e.g. hair) the be curly | (animal, insect) to curl up upon itself (Intransitive Verb); (animal, insect) to curl (around a small object) (Transitive Verb) |
V158a.B | *khwi̱an | Proto-Nyah Kur | (animal, insect) to curl up upon itself (Intransitive Verb); (animal, insect) to curl (around a small object) (Transitive Verb) | |
V158a.A | *kəwə̱n | Proto-Mon | (e.g. hair) the be curly | |
V159 | *lən | Proto-Monic | to step on | to step on (something) (Transitive Verb); to walk in/on (e.g. a road, a hill, a field, a house) (Verb of Motion) |
V159.B | *lə̤n | Proto-Nyah Kur | to step on (something) (Transitive Verb); to walk in/on (e.g. a road, a hill, a field, a house) (Verb of Motion) | |
V159.A | *lə̤n | Proto-Mon | to step on | |
V160 | *chaan | Proto-Monic | to have compassion for; love, feel affection for | |
V160.A | *cha̱n | Proto-Mon | to have compassion for; love, feel affection for | |
V160a | *c-[l]-m-haan | Proto-Monic | (to do something) in common, by sharing (Adverb) | |
V160a.B | *[t]ləmha̱an | Proto-Nyah Kur | (to do something) in common, by sharing (Adverb) | |
V161 | *sŋʔaap | Proto-Monic | to yawn (Intransitive Verb) | to yawn (Intransitive Verb) |
V161.B | *ɕəŋʔa̱ap | Proto-Nyah Kur | to yawn (Intransitive Verb) | |
V161.A | *həʔa̱p | Proto-Mon | to yawn (Intransitive Verb) | |
V162 | *p[]kap | Proto-Monic | to turn (something) face down | to turn (something) face down (Transitive Verb) |
V162.B | *pəka̱p | Proto-Nyah Kur | to turn (something) face down (Transitive Verb) | |
V162.A | *həkɔ̱p | Proto-Mon | to turn (something) face down | |
V163 | *kəp | Proto-Monic | to catch fish by covering them with a fish-basket | |
V163.A | *ka̱əp | Proto-Mon | to catch fish by covering them with a fish-basket | |
V163a | *[s/c]ŋkəp | Proto-Monic | cover, lid, especially a close-fitting one, monk's shawl folded over one shoulder | cover, lid |
V163a.B | *[c]əŋkəp | Proto-Nyah Kur | cover, lid | |
V163a.A | *həka̱ə̯p | Proto-Mon | cover, lid, especially a close-fitting one, monk's shawl folded over one shoulder | |
V164 | *gaap | Proto-Monic | (free) to be forked; (to sit) astride (something) | |
V164.A | *kap | Proto-Mon | (free) to be forked; (to sit) astride (something) | |
V164a | *gaap | Proto-Monic | fork of a tree (Noun) | fork in a tree, major tree branch (Noun) |
V164a.B | *ka̤ap | Proto-Nyah Kur | fork in a tree, major tree branch (Noun) | |
V164a.A | *ka̤p | Proto-Mon | fork of a tree (Noun) | |
V165 | *cap | Proto-Monic | to adhere to, cleave to, be inherently connected, bound up with | (bird) to settle on, perch |
V165.B | *ca̱p | Proto-Nyah Kur | (bird) to settle on, perch | |
V165.A | *cɔ̱p | Proto-Mon | to adhere to, cleave to, be inherently connected, bound up with | |
V166 | *tep | Proto-Monic | to cover with earth, to bury | to insert (e.g. bananas, tubers) in embers, a common cooking technique (Transitive Verb) |
V166.B | *te̱p | Proto-Nyah Kur | to insert (e.g. bananas, tubers) in embers, a common cooking technique (Transitive Verb) | |
V166.A | *ta̱ə̯p | Proto-Mon | to cover with earth, to bury | |
V167 | *k[lm]dap | Proto-Monic | to brood, hatch | (hen) sit on (egg) (Transitive Verb) |
V167.B | *kləmta̤p | Proto-Nyah Kur | (hen) sit on (egg) (Transitive Verb) | |
V167.A | *kətɔ̤p | Proto-Mon | to brood, hatch | |
V168 | *[ʔ]mep | Proto-Monic | to be happy, to enjoy | good-tasting |
V168.B | *ʔme̱p | Proto-Nyah Kur | good-tasting | |
V168.A | *mi̤p | Proto-Mon | to be happy, to enjoy | |
V169 | *[d[]/d]riəp | Proto-Monic | to run | to run, run away (Verb of Motion); run after (something) (Transitive Verb) |
V169.B | *thəri̤ap | Proto-Nyah Kur | to run, run away (Verb of Motion); run after (something) (Transitive Verb) | |
V169.A | *kre̤p | Proto-Mon | to run | |
V170 | *rap | Proto-Monic | to hold, take old of | to hold, take, accept (something) in hand (Transitive Verb) |
V170.B | *ra̤p | Proto-Nyah Kur | to hold, take, accept (something) in hand (Transitive Verb) | |
V170.A | *rɔ̤p | Proto-Mon | to hold, take old of | |
V171 | *s-grɔɔp | Proto-Monic | to cover, be covered; to conceal | to cover (especially an opening, e.g. one's mouth, a jar...) (Transitive Verb) |
V171.B | *che-khrɔ̤ɔp | Proto-Nyah Kur | to cover (especially an opening, e.g. one's mouth, a jar...) (Transitive Verb) | |
V171.A | *kro̤p | Proto-Mon | to cover, be covered; to conceal | |
V172 | *liep | Proto-Monic | to know how to, be skilled in | skillfully (Adverb) |
V172.B | *[]li̤ap | Proto-Nyah Kur | skillfully (Adverb) | |
V172.A | *le̤p | Proto-Mon | to know how to, be skilled in | |
V173 | *lɔɔp | Proto-Monic | to enter | to enter (a place) (Verb of Motion) |
V173.B | *lɔ̤ɔp | Proto-Nyah Kur | to enter (a place) (Verb of Motion) | |
V173.A | *lṳp | Proto-Mon | to enter | |
V174 | *ksap | Proto-Monic | to intend, plan, think | |
V174.A | *chɔ̱p | Proto-Mon | to intend, plan, think | |
V174a | *k[-r-]sap | Proto-Monic | to whisper secretly (chiming compound) | |
V174a.B | *keɕa̱p | Proto-Nyah Kur | to whisper secretly (chiming compound) | |
V175 | *haap | Proto-Monic | to eat, especially with fingers | to eat (chiming compound) |
V175.B | *ha̱ap | Proto-Nyah Kur | to eat (chiming compound) | |
V175.A | *ha̱p | Proto-Mon | to eat, especially with fingers | |
V176 | *k[]ʔɛɛm | Proto-Monic | to hem, clear the throat | to clear one's throat |
V176.B | *k[]eʔɛ̱ɛm | Proto-Nyah Kur | to clear one's throat | |
V176.A | *həʔɛ̱m | Proto-Mon | to hem, clear the throat | |
V177 | *ckiem | Proto-Monic | to grasp in hand, pick up | to grasp in hand, pick up |
V177.B | *ceki̱am | Proto-Nyah Kur | to grasp in hand, pick up | |
V177.A | *ke̱m | Proto-Mon | to grasp in hand, pick up | |
V177a | *c-ŋ-kiəm | Proto-Monic | fistful, girth of forearm | a fistful, a handful (Noun), especially in counting |
V177a.B | *ceŋki̱am | Proto-Nyah Kur | a fistful, a handful (Noun), especially in counting | |
V177a.A | *ke̱m | Proto-Mon | fistful, girth of forearm | |
V178 | *goom | Proto-Monic | to winnow, to clean (husked rice) by tossing | to winnow vertically (Transitive Verb) |
V178.B | *ko̤om | Proto-Nyah Kur | to winnow vertically (Transitive Verb) | |
V178.A | *kṳm | Proto-Mon | to winnow, to clean (husked rice) by tossing | |
V179 | *[t]ŋgem | Proto-Monic | to thrust at | to stab (something, someone) horizontally or from below (with a weapon) (Transitive Verb) |
V179.B | *[t/c]eŋkə̤m | Proto-Nyah Kur | to stab (something, someone) horizontally or from below (with a weapon) (Transitive Verb) | |
V179.A | *təŋa̱ə̯m | Proto-Mon | to thrust at | |
V181 | *[ɲ]cim | Proto-Monic | to raise (children, animals) (Transitive Verb); to entertain (people) at one's house | |
V181.B | *ci̱m | Proto-Nyah Kur | to raise (children, animals) (Transitive Verb); to entertain (people) at one's house | |
V182 | *pcum | Proto-Monic | to feed with premasticated food | to feed (food, medicine ...) (to someone) (Transitive Verb) |
V182.B | *pəcu̱m | Proto-Nyah Kur | to feed (food, medicine ...) (to someone) (Transitive Verb) | |
V182.A | *phja̱e̯m | Proto-Mon | to feed with premasticated food | |
V183 | *ʔɲim | Proto-Monic | yet, still, further | (to do something) before (something else happens) (Sentence-final Particle); for a short time (Adverb) |
V183.B | *ɲi̱m | Proto-Nyah Kur | (to do something) before (something else happens) (Sentence-final Particle); for a short time (Adverb) | |
V183.A | *ni̱m | Proto-Mon | yet, still, further | |
V184 | *tɔɔm | Proto-Monic | to cook, to distil | to cook (rice) (Transitive Verb) |
V184.B | *tɔ̱ɔm | Proto-Nyah Kur | to cook (rice) (Transitive Verb) | |
V184.A | *to̱m | Proto-Mon | to cook, to distil | |
V185 | *ctəm | Proto-Monic | to be thick; fat, dull-witted, stupid | (cloth, plank, hair) to be thick (Intransitive Verb) |
V185.B | *cətə̱m | Proto-Nyah Kur | (cloth, plank, hair) to be thick (Intransitive Verb) | |
V185.A | *ta̱ə̯m | Proto-Mon | to be thick; fat, dull-witted, stupid | |
V185a | *c-m-təm | Proto-Monic | thickness (Noun); thick (Attributive) | thick (Attributive) |
V185a.B | *cəmtə̱m | Proto-Nyah Kur | thick (Attributive) | |
V185a.A | *həta̱ə̯m | Proto-Mon | thickness (Noun); thick (Attributive) | |
V186 | *tɯm | Proto-Monic | to know, be acquainted with | to come to feel, realise, come to awareness |
V186.B | *tɯ̱m | Proto-Nyah Kur | to come to feel, realise, come to awareness | |
V186.A | *tɒ̱i̯m | Proto-Mon | to know, be acquainted with | |
V187 | *dəm | Proto-Monic | to stay overnight | to sleep (chiming expression) |
V187.B | *tə̤m | Proto-Nyah Kur | to sleep (chiming expression) | |
V187.A | *tə̤m | Proto-Mon | to stay overnight | |
V188 | *nɔɔm | Proto-Monic | to be at, exist, have | (something) to exist (Intransitive Verb) |
V188.B | *[ʔ]nɔ̱ɔm | Proto-Nyah Kur | (something) to exist (Intransitive Verb) | |
V188.A | *nṳm | Proto-Mon | to be at, exist, have | |
V189 | *ɓum | Proto-Monic | to be blunt, to be stupid | (object, e.g. metal pot, knife blade, tooth...) to be dented (Intransitive Verb) |
V189.B | *bu̱m | Proto-Nyah Kur | (object, e.g. metal pot, knife blade, tooth...) to be dented (Intransitive Verb) | |
V189.A | *ɓa̱ə̯m | Proto-Mon | to be blunt, to be stupid | |
V190 | *k[r]ɓ[a/ə]m | Proto-Monic | to hold in the mouth | to hold (something) in one's mouth (Transitive Verb) |
V190.B | *kə[r]ɓ[a̱/ə̱]m | Proto-Nyah Kur | to hold (something) in one's mouth (Transitive Verb) | |
V190.A | *həɓɔ̱m | Proto-Mon | to hold in the mouth | |
V191 | *draam | Proto-Monic | to erect (barrier, trellis-work) across, along side of, road | to cut (grasses and bushes) from certain area (Transitive Verb); to clear (a field) of grass and bushes (Transitive Verb) |
V191.B | *thra̤am | Proto-Nyah Kur | to cut (grasses and bushes) from certain area (Transitive Verb); to clear (a field) of grass and bushes (Transitive Verb) | |
V191.A | *kra̤m | Proto-Mon | to erect (barrier, trellis-work) across, along side of, road | |
V192 | *krɔɔm | Proto-Monic | under (Preposition); the underpart of (something) (Noun) | |
V192.B | *krɔ̱ɔm | Proto-Nyah Kur | under (Preposition); the underpart of (something) (Noun) | |
V192a | *k-n-rɔɔm | Proto-Monic | under (Preposition); the under-part of (especially the house) (Noun) | |
V192a.B | *kənrɔ̱ɔm | Proto-Nyah Kur | under (Preposition); the under-part of (especially the house) (Noun) | |
V193 | *grəm | Proto-Monic | to bind (the edge of a basket) | |
V193.A | *krə̤m | Proto-Mon | to bind (the edge of a basket) | |
V193a | *g-n-rəm | Proto-Monic | rim, edge | the edge, the rim (e.g. of a boat, of a river, of the mouth...) |
V193a.B | *khənrə̤m | Proto-Nyah Kur | the edge, the rim (e.g. of a boat, of a river, of the mouth...) | |
V193a.A | *hərə̤m | Proto-Mon | rim, edge | |
V194 | *grəəm | Proto-Monic | to cheer | (tiger, dog) to growl; (person) make an angry tone of voice before scolding; (angry crowd) make a disapproving murmur |
V194.B | *khrə̤əm | Proto-Nyah Kur | (tiger, dog) to growl; (person) make an angry tone of voice before scolding; (angry crowd) make a disapproving murmur | |
V194.A | *krə̤m | Proto-Mon | to cheer | |
V195 | *[d/g]-r-lum | Proto-Monic | to cover the face, veil oneself (with) | to cover (part or whole) (of self or someone else) (with blanket, cloth...) |
V195.B | *[k/t]həlṳm | Proto-Nyah Kur | to cover (part or whole) (of self or someone else) (with blanket, cloth...) | |
V195.A | *hələ̤m | Proto-Mon | to cover the face, veil oneself (with) | |
V196 | *[]ləm | Proto-Monic | to immerse oneself | to immerse something; to dip a fishhook |
V196.B | *chələ̤m | Proto-Nyah Kur | to immerse something; to dip a fishhook | |
V196.A | *kəla̱ə̯m | Proto-Mon | to immerse oneself | |
V197 | *ksaam | Proto-Monic | head cold | to transmit (a contagious disease) (Transitive Verb) |
V197.B | *ɕa̱am | Proto-Nyah Kur | to transmit (a contagious disease) (Transitive Verb) | |
V197.A | *cha̱m | Proto-Mon | head cold | |
V198 | *jaam | Proto-Monic | to weep | to weep |
V198.B | *ja̤am | Proto-Nyah Kur | to weep | |
V198.A | *ja̤m | Proto-Mon | to weep | |
V199 | *jum | Proto-Monic | to breathe | (humans, animals) to breathe (in or out) (Intransitive Verb) |
V199.B | *jṳm | Proto-Nyah Kur | (humans, animals) to breathe (in or out) (Intransitive Verb) | |
V199.A | *jə̤m | Proto-Mon | to breathe | |
V199a | *jum-jum | Proto-Monic | life | heart |
V199a.B | *jəmjṳm | Proto-Nyah Kur | heart | |
V199a.A | *pəjə̤m | Proto-Mon | life | |
V200 | *hoom | Proto-Monic | to bathe | to bathe |
V200.B | *ho̱om | Proto-Nyah Kur | to bathe | |
V200.A | *hu̱m | Proto-Mon | to bathe | |
V200a | *p-hoom | Proto-Monic | to bathe, wash (somebody, something) (Transitive Verb) | |
V200a.A | *phu̱m | Proto-Mon | to bathe, wash (somebody, something) (Transitive Verb) | |
V201 | *giiw | Proto-Monic | to wrap (something) e.g. in leaves for cooking) (Transitive Verb) | |
V201.B | *ki̤iw | Proto-Nyah Kur | to wrap (something) e.g. in leaves for cooking) (Transitive Verb) | |
V202 | *s[r]ŋiəw | Proto-Monic | to glance covertly, to look out of the corner of one's eye | (eyes) to be narrowed; (eyebrows) to be frowned (Intransitive Verb) |
V202.B | *ɕhəŋi̱aw | Proto-Nyah Kur | (eyes) to be narrowed; (eyebrows) to be frowned (Intransitive Verb) | |
V202.A | *hi̤ | Proto-Mon | to glance covertly, to look out of the corner of one's eye | |
V203 | *cəw | Proto-Monic | to return, go back, come back; to proceed to an arranged destination | to go back (home, to one's spouse ...); to go out (to someone's house, to visit someone) (Verb of Motion) |
V203.B | *cɔ̱w | Proto-Nyah Kur | to go back (home, to one's spouse ...); to go out (to someone's house, to visit someone) (Verb of Motion) | |
V203.A | *cɒ̱o̯ | Proto-Mon | to return, go back, come back; to proceed to an arranged destination | |
V204 | *ktaw | Proto-Monic | hot | (person) to feel heat from (the sun) (Pseudo-Tanstitive Verb) |
V204.B | *kəta̱w | Proto-Nyah Kur | (person) to feel heat from (the sun) (Pseudo-Tanstitive Verb) | |
V204.A | *kəta̱o̯ | Proto-Mon | hot | |
V204a | *k-m-tww | Proto-Monic | hot (Attributive) | hot (Attributive) |
V204a.B | *kəmta̱w | Proto-Nyah Kur | hot (Attributive) | |
V204a.A | *həta̱o̯ | Proto-Mon | hot (Attributive) | |
V205 | *taaw | Proto-Monic | to remain, be stationary, stand, stay, dwell, be located in, be steadfast; to endure | (person, animal) to be standing (Intransitive Verb) |
V205.B | *-taaw | Proto-Nyah Kur | (person, animal) to be standing (Intransitive Verb) | |
V205.A | *ta̱o̯ | Proto-Mon | to remain, be stationary, stand, stay, dwell, be located in, be steadfast; to endure | |
V205a | *-taaw | Proto-Monic | to stand, station oneself, be positioned | (something) to be standing (Intransitive Verb); (someone) to stand (something) up (Transitive Verb) |
V205a.B | *pə-ta̱aw | Proto-Nyah Kur | (something) to be standing (Intransitive Verb); (someone) to stand (something) up (Transitive Verb) | |
V205a.A | *həta̱o̯ | Proto-Mon | to stand, station oneself, be positioned | |
V206 | *dəw | Proto-Monic | to run away, to stray | to hurry away; to escape (Verb of Motion) |
V206.B | *tɔ̤w | Proto-Nyah Kur | to hurry away; to escape (Verb of Motion) | |
V206.A | *tɛ̤ə̯ | Proto-Mon | to run away, to stray | |
V207 | *triiw | Proto-Monic | to be (flat and) thin; to be sparse; to be quick-witted | (person) to be slim; (object, e.g. cloth) to be thin (Intransitive Verb) |
V207.B | *tri̱w | Proto-Nyah Kur | (person) to be slim; (object, e.g. cloth) to be thin (Intransitive Verb) | |
V207.A | *kri̱ | Proto-Mon | to be (flat and) thin; to be sparse; to be quick-witted | |
V208 | *graw | Proto-Monic | to crow | (rooster) to crow (Intransitive Verb); only used for roosters |
V208.B | *khra̤w | Proto-Nyah Kur | (rooster) to crow (Intransitive Verb); only used for roosters | |
V208.A | *krɛ̤ə̯ | Proto-Mon | to crow | |
V209 | *liiw | Proto-Monic | to wash one's face | to splash (water) (on one's face) etc. |
V209.B | *li̤iw | Proto-Nyah Kur | to splash (water) (on one's face) etc. | |
V209.A | *li̤ | Proto-Mon | to wash one's face | |
V210 | *k[r]siəw | Proto-Monic | to whisper | to whisper (something to someone) (Transitive Verb) |
V210.B | *kəɕi̱aw | Proto-Nyah Kur | to whisper (something to someone) (Transitive Verb) | |
V210.A | *kəsi̱a̯ | Proto-Mon | to whisper | |
V211 | *hiiw | Proto-Monic | to drift, to float | (liquid) to flow (from somewhere); (clouds) to drift (in the sky) |
V211.B | *hi̱iw | Proto-Nyah Kur | (liquid) to flow (from somewhere); (clouds) to drift (in the sky) | |
V211.A | *hi̱ | Proto-Mon | to drift, to float | |
V212 | *ʔa(a)r | Proto-Monic | to go, to walk | to go (somewhere) (Verb of Motion); away, (time) to pass (Intransitive Verb) |
V212.B | *ʔa̱(a)r | Proto-Nyah Kur | to go (somewhere) (Verb of Motion); away, (time) to pass (Intransitive Verb) | |
V212.A | *ʔa̱ | Proto-Mon | to go, to walk | |
V213 | *ʔɔɔr | Proto-Monic | to send (someone) (to do something); to order (someone) (to do something); to let (someone) (to do something) (Transitive Verb); Resultative Particle | |
V213.B | *ʔu̱ar | Proto-Nyah Kur | to send (someone) (to do something); to order (someone) (to do something); to let (someone) (to do something) (Transitive Verb); Resultative Particle | |
V214 | *snʔur | Proto-Monic | to snore | to snore (Intransitive Verb) |
V214.B | *ɕənʔu̱r | Proto-Nyah Kur | to snore (Intransitive Verb) | |
V214.A | *həʔi̱ | Proto-Mon | to snore | |
V215 | *kiir | Proto-Monic | to dig (e.g. a hole); to dig (in a material, e.g. earth); to dig (e.g. a tuber, a bamboo rat) out (Transitive Verb) | |
V215.B | *ki̱ir | Proto-Nyah Kur | to dig (e.g. a hole); to dig (in a material, e.g. earth); to dig (e.g. a tuber, a bamboo rat) out (Transitive Verb) | |
V216 | *cŋkiər | Proto-Monic | unpleasant to hear (e.g. harsh words) | to be unpleasant (to the teeth) e.g. eating an unripe fruit (Intransitive Verb) |
V216.B | *cəŋki̱ar | Proto-Nyah Kur | to be unpleasant (to the teeth) e.g. eating an unripe fruit (Intransitive Verb) | |
V216.A | *həkə̱ | Proto-Mon | unpleasant to hear (e.g. harsh words) | |
V217 | *ŋgiir | Proto-Monic | to search for among undergrowth or hair | to look for (something, someone) (Transitive Verb) |
V217.B | *ki̤ir | Proto-Nyah Kur | to look for (something, someone) (Transitive Verb) | |
V217.A | *ŋi̤ | Proto-Mon | to search for among undergrowth or hair | |
V218 | *gər | Proto-Monic | to have flames, to blaze up, (fire) to shine | (fire) to blaze (Intransitive Verb) |
V218.B | *kə̤r | Proto-Nyah Kur | (fire) to blaze (Intransitive Verb) | |
V218.A | *kə̤ | Proto-Mon | to have flames, to blaze up, (fire) to shine | |
V219 | *k[l]ŋaar | Proto-Monic | to turn something face up; to be the right way up; to lie on one's back | to turn (something e.g. a pot) face up (Transitive Verb); to be facing up (Intransitive Verb) (usually with Post-Verb /-Ɂə̱l/) |
V219.B | *kəŋa̱ar | Proto-Nyah Kur | to turn (something e.g. a pot) face up (Transitive Verb); to be facing up (Intransitive Verb) (usually with Post-Verb /-Ɂə̱l/) | |
V219.A | *[]əŋa̤ɛ̯ | Proto-Mon | to turn something face up; to be the right way up; to lie on one's back | |
V220 | *[r/l]-ŋɔɔr | Proto-Monic | to prostrate oneself, make obeisance, worship | to pay respect to (someone) with joined hands (Transitive Verb) |
V220.B | *(rə)ŋṳar | Proto-Nyah Kur | to pay respect to (someone) with joined hands (Transitive Verb) | |
V220.A | *[]əŋo̤ | Proto-Mon | to prostrate oneself, make obeisance, worship | |
V221 | *tuur | Proto-Monic | to be alight, be burning | (fire) to burn (something, e.g. a forest, some clothes, someone's hand...) (v.tr.); (fire) to be burning (Intransitive Verb) |
V221.B | *tu̱ur | Proto-Nyah Kur | (fire) to burn (something, e.g. a forest, some clothes, someone's hand...) (v.tr.); (fire) to be burning (Intransitive Verb) | |
V221.A | *tɒ̱u̯ | Proto-Mon | to be alight, be burning | |
V222 | *təər | Proto-Monic | to wake up (by oneself), get up | to get up (from sleep) (Verb of Motion) |
V222.B | *tə̱ər | Proto-Nyah Kur | to get up (from sleep) (Verb of Motion) | |
V222.A | *tɒ̱ɨ̯ | Proto-Mon | to wake up (by oneself), get up | |
V222a | *k-təər | Proto-Monic | to stand up, get up | to wake (someone) up (Transitive Verb) |
V222a.B | *kətə̱ər | Proto-Nyah Kur | to wake (someone) up (Transitive Verb) | |
V222a.A | *kətɒ̱ɨ̯ | Proto-Mon | to stand up, get up | |
V223 | *par | Proto-Monic | to fly | expressive describing a long leap (e.g. of certain frogs) |
V223.B | *pa̱r | Proto-Nyah Kur | expressive describing a long leap (e.g. of certain frogs) | |
V223.A | *pɔ̱o̯ | Proto-Mon | to fly | |
V224 | *bur-bur | Proto-Monic | (ants, flies) to swarm, to cover something | (ants, flies, bees...) to swarm on (something) (Verb of Motion) |
V224.B | *pṳr-pṳr | Proto-Nyah Kur | (ants, flies, bees...) to swarm on (something) (Verb of Motion) | |
V224.A | *həpə̤ | Proto-Mon | (ants, flies) to swarm, to cover something | |
V225 | *maar | Proto-Monic | to crouch, to kneel with bowed head as a mark of respect | to crawl (as a baby) (Verb of Motion) |
V225.B | *ma̤ar | Proto-Nyah Kur | to crawl (as a baby) (Verb of Motion) | |
V225.A | *ma̤ɛ̯ | Proto-Mon | to crouch, to kneel with bowed head as a mark of respect | |
V225a | *mar-maar | Proto-Monic | to crawl (as a baby) | (adult, infant) to crawl (Verb of Motion) |
V225a.B | *marma̤ar | Proto-Nyah Kur | (adult, infant) to crawl (Verb of Motion) | |
V225a.A | *həmɛ̤ə̯ | Proto-Mon | to crawl (as a baby) | |
V226 | *k[]mur | Proto-Monic | to roof a house | to roof (a house) (with e.g. thatch) (Transitive Verb) |
V226.B | *kəmu̱r | Proto-Nyah Kur | to roof (a house) (with e.g. thatch) (Transitive Verb) | |
V226.A | *kəmi̱ | Proto-Mon | to roof a house | |
V227 | *c[r]muur | Proto-Monic | to roll up (e.g. a mat) | to roll (e.g. a mat, a cigar...) into a roll (Transitive Verb) |
V227.B | *chəmu̱ur | Proto-Nyah Kur | to roll (e.g. a mat, a cigar...) into a roll (Transitive Verb) | |
V227.A | *həmɒ̱u̯ | Proto-Mon | to roll up (e.g. a mat) | |
V228 | *ɟwɔɔr | Proto-Monic | (liquid) to flow | (tuber) to reach deep inside the ground (Intransitive Verb) |
V228.B | *chṳar | Proto-Nyah Kur | (tuber) to reach deep inside the ground (Intransitive Verb) | |
V228.A | *khwo̤ | Proto-Mon | (liquid) to flow | |
V228a | *ɟ-[]-wɔɔr | Proto-Monic | to cause to flow, allow to flow | to slowly lower down (e.g. a bucket) on a rope (Transitive Verb) |
V228a.B | *chṳar | Proto-Nyah Kur | to slowly lower down (e.g. a bucket) on a rope (Transitive Verb) | |
V228a.A | *həwo̤ | Proto-Mon | to cause to flow, allow to flow | |
V229 | *siər | Proto-Monic | to grind (e.g. paddy) | |
V229.A | *se̱ | Proto-Mon | to grind (e.g. paddy) | |
V229a | *s-[]n-iər | Proto-Monic | green vegetables | curry (Noun) |
V229a.B | *ɕhəni̱ar | Proto-Nyah Kur | curry (Noun) | |
V229a.A | *həne̱ | Proto-Mon | green vegetables | |
V230 | *sar | Proto-Monic | to be low to the ground, short of stature | (person, standing object) to be short; (the top of, e.g. mountains, clouds, sky) to be low down (Intransitive Verb); low (Adverb) |
V230.B | *ɕa̱r | Proto-Nyah Kur | (person, standing object) to be short; (the top of, e.g. mountains, clouds, sky) to be low down (Intransitive Verb); low (Adverb) | |
V230.A | *sɔ̱o̯ | Proto-Mon | to be low to the ground, short of stature | |
V231 | *sɔɔr | Proto-Monic | to blow (mucus) out of one's nose e.g. by closing a nostril with one's thumb (Transitive Verb) | |
V231.B | *ɕu̱ar | Proto-Nyah Kur | to blow (mucus) out of one's nose e.g. by closing a nostril with one's thumb (Transitive Verb) | |
V231a | *s-n-m-ɔɔr | Proto-Monic | nasal mucus | |
V231a.A | *həmo̱ | Proto-Mon | nasal mucus | |
V232 | *ksuur | Proto-Monic | to sharpen a knife | to sharpen (a blade) (on a wet stone); to grind (medicine) by rubbing it on a stone (Transitive Verb) |
V232.B | *ɕu̱ur | Proto-Nyah Kur | to sharpen (a blade) (on a wet stone); to grind (medicine) by rubbing it on a stone (Transitive Verb) | |
V232.A | *chu̱ | Proto-Mon | to sharpen a knife | |
V232a | *k-n-suur | Proto-Monic | whetstone (Noun) | |
V232a.B | *kəɲɕu̱ur | Proto-Nyah Kur | whetstone (Noun) | |
V233 | *jɯr | Proto-Monic | (flesh) to be loose and sagging (Intransitive Verb) | |
V233.B | *jɯ̤r | Proto-Nyah Kur | (flesh) to be loose and sagging (Intransitive Verb) | |
V233a | *jər-jɯr | Proto-Monic | (body) to shake, due to fever or old age (Intransitive Verb) | |
V233a.B | *jər-jɯ̤r | Proto-Nyah Kur | (body) to shake, due to fever or old age (Intransitive Verb) | |
V233b | *[k]-jɯr | Proto-Monic | to tremble, quiver, be loose in socket | |
V233b.A | *chi̱ | Proto-Mon | to tremble, quiver, be loose in socket | |
V234 | *ʔəl | Proto-Monic | to put (something) down or away; to keep (something) on oneself, or away (Transitive Verb); as a Post-Verb indicates that the result of an action is stable or permanent | |
V234.B | *ʔə̱l | Proto-Nyah Kur | to put (something) down or away; to keep (something) on oneself, or away (Transitive Verb); as a Post-Verb indicates that the result of an action is stable or permanent | |
V234a | *d-ʔəl | Proto-Monic | ||
V235 | *kal | Proto-Monic | to snap (Intransitive Verb) | (long object) to break by itself; snap in two (Intransitive Verb) |
V235.B | *ka̱l | Proto-Nyah Kur | (long object) to break by itself; snap in two (Intransitive Verb) | |
V235.A | *kɔ̱o̯ | Proto-Mon | to snap (Intransitive Verb) | |
V236 | *kul | Proto-Monic | to give, to pay, to send (letter) | to give (Transitive Verb); for the benefit of (N) (Preposition); to let (S) happen; to do (S) for someone's benefit |
V236.B | *ku̱l | Proto-Nyah Kur | to give (Transitive Verb); for the benefit of (N) (Preposition); to let (S) happen; to do (S) for someone's benefit | |
V236.A | *kɒ̱ɨ̯ | Proto-Mon | to give, to pay, to send (letter) | |
V237 | *ɟəl | Proto-Monic | to quarrel, to brawl | (horned animals, roosters) to fight (with horns, spurs...); (people, cars, heads) to bump into (obstacles, each other...) (Transitive Verb) |
V237.B | *ɕə̤l | Proto-Nyah Kur | (horned animals, roosters) to fight (with horns, spurs...); (people, cars, heads) to bump into (obstacles, each other...) (Transitive Verb) | |
V237.A | *cə̤ | Proto-Mon | to quarrel, to brawl | |
V238 | *təl | Proto-Monic | to plant | to plant (seeds, cuttings...); to set (posts, house poles...); to remember, think about etc. |
V238.B | *tə̱l | Proto-Nyah Kur | to plant (seeds, cuttings...); to set (posts, house poles...); to remember, think about etc. | |
V238.A | *tɒ̱ɨ̯ | Proto-Mon | to plant | |
V239 | *[k]ɗaal | Proto-Monic | shallow | (river, container) to be shallow (Intransitive Verb); not deeply (e.g. a thorn penetrates -) (Adverb); not seriously (e.g. to think -, to speak -) (Adverb) |
V239.B | *[khə]da̱al | Proto-Nyah Kur | (river, container) to be shallow (Intransitive Verb); not deeply (e.g. a thorn penetrates -) (Adverb); not seriously (e.g. to think -, to speak -) (Adverb) | |
V239.A | *ɗa̱ | Proto-Mon | shallow | |
V240 | *b[jə]l | Proto-Monic | hungry | hungry |
V240.B | *pi̤il | Proto-Nyah Kur | hungry | |
V240.A | *pjə̤ | Proto-Mon | hungry | |
V241 | *ɓuul | Proto-Monic | to be intoxicated with (e.g. alcohol, ganja, poisonous mushrooms...); to be enamoured (a woman) (Pseudo-Transitive Verb) | |
V241.B | *bu̱ul | Proto-Nyah Kur | to be intoxicated with (e.g. alcohol, ganja, poisonous mushrooms...); to be enamoured (a woman) (Pseudo-Transitive Verb) | |
V241b | *[bəl]-ɓuul | Proto-Monic | intoxicated | |
V241b.A | *həɓu̱ | Proto-Mon | intoxicated | |
V242 | *[]mal | Proto-Monic | to be fragrant, sweet-smelling | good tasting (chiming expression) |
V242.B | *[ʔ]ma̱l | Proto-Nyah Kur | good tasting (chiming expression) | |
V242.A | *mo̤ | Proto-Mon | to be fragrant, sweet-smelling | |
V242a | *[m-r]-mal | Proto-Monic | fragrance, perfume | |
V242a.A | *həma̱o̯ | Proto-Mon | fragrance, perfume | |
V243 | *wiil | Proto-Monic | to go around (something) (Verb of Motion) | |
V243.B | *wi̤il | Proto-Nyah Kur | to go around (something) (Verb of Motion) | |
V243a | *tr-wiil | Proto-Monic | to attend on (someone); to cause (someone) to attend on (someone); to take (someone) in one's train | to make (something) rotate (Transitive Verb); to turn upon (oneself) (Verb Reflexive) |
V243a.B | *təwi̱il | Proto-Nyah Kur | to make (something) rotate (Transitive Verb); to turn upon (oneself) (Verb Reflexive) | |
V243a.A | *[p/k]əwi̱ | Proto-Mon | to attend on (someone); to cause (someone) to attend on (someone); to take (someone) in one's train | |
V244 | *saal | Proto-Monic | to lay out, to spread, to lay on (e.g. leaves, mats...); to unroll | to make (bamboo, rattan) strips (with a special tool having a shot blade and a long handle) (Transitive Verb); the strips are used for tying or for making mats |
V244.B | *ɕa̱al | Proto-Nyah Kur | to make (bamboo, rattan) strips (with a special tool having a shot blade and a long handle) (Transitive Verb); the strips are used for tying or for making mats | |
V244.A | *sa̱ | Proto-Mon | to lay out, to spread, to lay on (e.g. leaves, mats...); to unroll | |
V244a | *k[]saal | Proto-Monic | split bamboo fiber used for lashings (Noun) | |
V244a.A | *cha̱ | Proto-Mon | split bamboo fiber used for lashings (Noun) | |
V244b | *s-n-aal | Proto-Monic | mat, bamboo mat (used for drying food in the sun) | |
V244b.A | *hna̱ | Proto-Mon | mat, bamboo mat (used for drying food in the sun) | |
V245 | *[c--]jaal | Proto-Monic | to be light in weight, moderate in degree, gentle, soft, nimble | to be light in weight (Intransitive Verb) |
V245.B | *[c/k]həja̱al | Proto-Nyah Kur | to be light in weight (Intransitive Verb) | |
V245.A | *sa̱ | Proto-Mon | to be light in weight, moderate in degree, gentle, soft, nimble | |
V245a | *[c]-m-jaal | Proto-Monic | light in weight (Attributive) | |
V245a.B | *[c/k]həmja̱al | Proto-Nyah Kur | light in weight (Attributive) | |
V246 | *[c]nʔas | Proto-Monic | to sneeze | to sneeze (Intransitive Verb) to sneeze due to (something, e.g. the smell of frying chilli) (Pseudo-transitive Verb) |
V246.B | *[c]ənʔa̱j̊ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to sneeze (Intransitive Verb) to sneeze due to (something, e.g. the smell of frying chilli) (Pseudo-transitive Verb) | |
V246.A | *həʔɔ̱h | Proto-Mon | to sneeze | |
V247 | *lʔuus | Proto-Monic | ripe | (fruit) to be fully ripe (Intransitive Verb) |
V247.B | *ləʔu̱uj̊ | Proto-Nyah Kur | (fruit) to be fully ripe (Intransitive Verb) | |
V247.A | *ɗu̱h | Proto-Mon | ripe | |
V247a | *l-m-ʔuus | Proto-Monic | ||
V248 | *ckas | Proto-Monic | (e.g. leaves) to be dry | (e.g. cloth, fish, earth, air) to be dry; (river, water) to have dried up (Intransitive Verb) |
V248.B | *cəka̱j̊ | Proto-Nyah Kur | (e.g. cloth, fish, earth, air) to be dry; (river, water) to have dried up (Intransitive Verb) | |
V248.A | *kɔ̱h | Proto-Mon | (e.g. leaves) to be dry | |
V248a | *c-m-kas | Proto-Monic | ||
V249 | *gus | Proto-Monic | to regret the loss of, miss, to go short of | to regret the loss or absence of (someone, something) (Transitive Verb) |
V249.B | *kṳj̊ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to regret the loss or absence of (someone, something) (Transitive Verb) | |
V249.A | *kə̤h | Proto-Mon | to regret the loss of, miss, to go short of | |
V250 | *guus | Proto-Monic | (part of the body) to swell | (body part, skin) to be swollen due to insect bite, bruise... (Intransitive Verb) |
V250.B | *kṳuj̊ | Proto-Nyah Kur | (body part, skin) to be swollen due to insect bite, bruise... (Intransitive Verb) | |
V250.A | *kṳh | Proto-Mon | (part of the body) to swell | |
V251 | *cis | Proto-Monic | to go down, descend | to go down to (a place), (from somewhere) (Verb of Motion); downwards (Adverb) |
V251.B | *ci̱h | Proto-Nyah Kur | to go down to (a place), (from somewhere) (Verb of Motion); downwards (Adverb) | |
V251.A | *cə̱h | Proto-Mon | to go down, descend | |
V252 | *ɟas | Proto-Monic | to have a fever | to have a fever (Intransitive Verb) |
V252.B | *ca̤j̊ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to have a fever (Intransitive Verb) | |
V252.A | *cɔ̤h | Proto-Mon | to have a fever | |
V253 | *das | Proto-Monic | to be, to become | to be identical to (something); to be included in (a category); to perform as (a function); to have (a disease) (Pseudo-transitive Verb) |
V253.B | *ta̤j̊ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to be identical to (something); to be included in (a category); to perform as (a function); to have (a disease) (Pseudo-transitive Verb) | |
V253.A | *tɔ̤h | Proto-Mon | to be, to become | |
V254 | *pas | Proto-Monic | to pick (something) up (from the ground) (Transitive Verb) | |
V254.B | *pa̱j̊ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to pick (something) up (from the ground) (Transitive Verb) | |
V254a | *()pas | Proto-Monic | to pick up | |
V254a.A | *[k]əpɔ̱h | Proto-Mon | to pick up | |
V255 | *ɓas | Proto-Monic | to pluck, pick up (flowers, fruits) | to pluck (flowers, fruits) with the hand by pulling or twisting (Transitive Verb) |
V255.B | *ba̱j̊ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to pluck (flowers, fruits) with the hand by pulling or twisting (Transitive Verb) | |
V255.A | *ɓɔ̱h | Proto-Mon | to pluck, pick up (flowers, fruits) | |
V256 | *twas | Proto-Monic | to sweep | to brush (something) away gently, by hand or with a cloth (not with a broom) (Transitive Verb) |
V256.B | *thwa̱j̊ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to brush (something) away gently, by hand or with a cloth (not with a broom) (Transitive Verb) | |
V256.A | *kwɔ̱h | Proto-Mon | to sweep | |
V256a | *t-n-was | Proto-Monic | bundle of twigs or rice-stalks used for sweeping | broom (Noun) |
V256a.B | *thənwa̱j̊ | Proto-Nyah Kur | broom (Noun) | |
V256a.A | *kəmɔ̱h | Proto-Mon | bundle of twigs or rice-stalks used for sweeping | |
V257 | *kraas | Proto-Monic | to sweep (something) (with a broom) (Transitive Verb) | |
V257.B | *kra̱aj̊ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to sweep (something) (with a broom) (Transitive Verb) | |
V257a | *k-n-raas | Proto-Monic | broom | |
V257a.B | *kənra̱aj̊ | Proto-Nyah Kur | broom | |
V257b | *graas | Proto-Monic | to harrow (a field), to comb (hair) | |
V257b.B | *krɛ̤ə̯h | Proto-Nyah Kur | ||
V257c | *g-n-raas | Proto-Monic | a rake, a comb | |
V257c.A | *hərɛ̤ə̯h | Proto-Mon | a rake, a comb | |
V258 | *pruus | Proto-Monic | to squirt from mouth or trunk | (person, snake, elephant...) to squirt (air, a liquid...) (from mouth, trunk) (Transitive Verb) |
V258.B | *pru̱uj̊ | Proto-Nyah Kur | (person, snake, elephant...) to squirt (air, a liquid...) (from mouth, trunk) (Transitive Verb) | |
V258.A | *pru̱h | Proto-Mon | to squirt from mouth or trunk | |
V259 | *laas | Proto-Monic | to lay out, spread something on the floor | to lay open (a mat, a piece of cloth...) open (e.g. on the floor) (Transitive Verb) |
V259.B | *la̤aj̊ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to lay open (a mat, a piece of cloth...) open (e.g. on the floor) (Transitive Verb) | |
V259.A | *lɛ̤ə̯h | Proto-Mon | to lay out, spread something on the floor | |
V260 | *ləs | Proto-Monic | to come untwisted, undone | |
V260.A | *lə̤h | Proto-Mon | to come untwisted, undone | |
V260a | *k-ləs | Proto-Monic | (spring-trap, arrow) to be released (Intransitive Verb) | |
V260a.B | *khlə̱j̊ | Proto-Nyah Kur | (spring-trap, arrow) to be released (Intransitive Verb) | |
V260b | *p-ləs | Proto-Monic | to unwind, unfold, untwist, unloose; to come unwound | |
V260b.A | *plɒ̱ɨ̯h | Proto-Mon | to unwind, unfold, untwist, unloose; to come unwound | |
V260c | *t[r]ləs | Proto-Monic | to release (trap mechanism, arrow) (Transitive Verb) | |
V260c.B | *tələ̱j̊ | Proto-Nyah Kur | to release (trap mechanism, arrow) (Transitive Verb) | |
V261 | *sʔuj | Proto-Monic | to be rotten, putrid | to be rotting, decomposing; to stink (Intransitive Verb) |
V261.B | *ɕəʔu̱j | Proto-Nyah Kur | to be rotting, decomposing; to stink (Intransitive Verb) | |
V261.A | *sʔu̱i̯ | Proto-Mon | to be rotten, putrid | |
V262 | *k[--]ʔuuj | Proto-Monic | ||
V262a | *k-n-ʔuuj | Proto-Monic | medicine, poison | medicine, poison |
V262a.B | *kənʔu̱uj | Proto-Nyah Kur | medicine, poison | |
V262a.A | *həʔu̱i̯ | Proto-Mon | medicine, poison | |
V263 | *cŋkuj | Proto-Monic | to be asleep | to feel sleepy (Intransitive Verb) usually in compounds |
V263.B | *cəŋku̱j | Proto-Nyah Kur | to feel sleepy (Intransitive Verb) usually in compounds | |
V263.A | *həku̱i̯ | Proto-Mon | to be asleep | |
V264 | *sŋuj | Proto-Monic | (food) to be burnt | (food, e.g. curry, rice...) to be overcooked (Transitive Verb) |
V264.B | *ɕhŋu̱j | Proto-Nyah Kur | (food, e.g. curry, rice...) to be overcooked (Transitive Verb) | |
V264.A | *hɲu̱i̯ | Proto-Mon | (food) to be burnt | |
V265 | *ɟŋəj | Proto-Monic | to be far, distant | to be far (from a place) (Transitive Verb); far (Adverb) |
V265.B | *chəŋə̤j | Proto-Nyah Kur | to be far (from a place) (Transitive Verb); far (Adverb) | |
V265.A | *ɦɲo̤ɛ̯ | Proto-Mon | to be far, distant | |
V265a | *ɟ-r-ŋəj | Proto-Monic | distance (Noun) | |
V265a.A | *[kə]ɦɲo̤ɛ̯ | Proto-Mon | distance (Noun) | |
V265b | *ɟ-m-ŋəj | Proto-Monic | distant point (Noun) | |
V265b.B | *[kə]ɦɲo̤ɛ̯ | Proto-Nyah Kur | ||
V266 | *caj | Proto-Monic | to spread in the sun to dry | to spread (e.g. clothes, meat, fish...) in the sun or in the wind to dry (Transitive Verb) |
V266.B | *ca̱j | Proto-Nyah Kur | to spread (e.g. clothes, meat, fish...) in the sun or in the wind to dry (Transitive Verb) | |
V266.A | *cɒ̱ɛ̯ | Proto-Mon | to spread in the sun to dry | |
V267 | *ɲɟəj | Proto-Monic | to be sick | to be in pain (Intransitive Verb); to have pain in (a part of the body) (Pseudo-Transitive Verb) |
V267.B | *ɕə̤j | Proto-Nyah Kur | to be in pain (Intransitive Verb); to have pain in (a part of the body) (Pseudo-Transitive Verb) | |
V267.A | *jɔ̤ɛ̯ | Proto-Mon | to be sick | |
V268 | *gɲaaj | Proto-Monic | to chew (Transitive Verb) | to chew (Transitive Verb) |
V268.B | *khəɲa̤aj | Proto-Nyah Kur | to chew (Transitive Verb) | |
V268.A | *ɦɲa̤i̯ | Proto-Mon | to chew (Transitive Verb) | |
V269 | *paaj | Proto-Monic | to reject, set aside, leave vacant, avoid, remove from; left side | to climb (a tree, especially a coconut-tree) by using feet and hands only, without embracing the trunk (Transitive Verb) usually with Post-Verb |
V269.B | *pa̱aj | Proto-Nyah Kur | to climb (a tree, especially a coconut-tree) by using feet and hands only, without embracing the trunk (Transitive Verb) usually with Post-Verb | |
V269.A | *pa̱i̯ | Proto-Mon | to reject, set aside, leave vacant, avoid, remove from; left side | |
V270 | *cmbaaj | Proto-Monic | to carry by a sling from the shoulder | to carry (something) on a sling from the shoulder (Transitive Verb) |
V270.B | *kəmpha̤aj | Proto-Nyah Kur | to carry (something) on a sling from the shoulder (Transitive Verb) | |
V270.A | *kəma̱i̯ | Proto-Mon | to carry by a sling from the shoulder | |
V271 | *k[--]buuj | Proto-Monic | to cause to sway, swing (Transitive Verb); to shake, sway (Intransitive Verb) | to swing (e.g. a cot, a bag held in hand, one's hands in walking, a child...) (Transitive Verb); (cot, boat...) to sway, be swinging (Intransitive Verb) |
V271.B | *kəpṳuj | Proto-Nyah Kur | to swing (e.g. a cot, a bag held in hand, one's hands in walking, a child...) (Transitive Verb); (cot, boat...) to sway, be swinging (Intransitive Verb) | |
V271.A | *həwṳi̯ | Proto-Mon | to cause to sway, swing (Transitive Verb); to shake, sway (Intransitive Verb) | |
V272 | *maj | Proto-Monic | to look at | to look at; /kda̱h ma̤y/ look and see |
V272.B | *ma̤j | Proto-Nyah Kur | to look at; /kda̱h ma̤y/ look and see | |
V272.A | *mo̤ɛ̯ | Proto-Mon | to look at | |
V272a | *g[r]-maj | Proto-Monic | to see (Transitive Verb) | |
V272a.B | *khəma̤j | Proto-Nyah Kur | to see (Transitive Verb) | |
V273 | *ɟ()raaj | Proto-Monic | to be lean, thin of body | (person, animal) to be skinny (Intransitive Verb) |
V273.B | *ch(ə)ra̤aj | Proto-Nyah Kur | (person, animal) to be skinny (Intransitive Verb) | |
V273.A | *sa̤i̯ | Proto-Mon | to be lean, thin of body | |
V274 | *sraaj | Proto-Monic | (animal) to be fierce, to be aggressive when wounded (Intransitive Verb) | |
V274.B | *ɕra̱aj | Proto-Nyah Kur | (animal) to be fierce, to be aggressive when wounded (Intransitive Verb) | |
V274a | *s-m-raaj | Proto-Monic | wild beast (Noun); class of spirits living in ground and causing disease (Noun) | (animal) aggressive when wounded (Attributive) |
V274a.B | *ɕəmra̱aj | Proto-Nyah Kur | (animal) aggressive when wounded (Attributive) | |
V274a.A | *həra̱i̯ | Proto-Mon | wild beast (Noun); class of spirits living in ground and causing disease (Noun) | |
V275 | *luuj | Proto-Monic | to wade through | to wade through (e.g. water, mud, grass...) (Transitive Verb) |
V275.B | *lṳuj | Proto-Nyah Kur | to wade through (e.g. water, mud, grass...) (Transitive Verb) | |
V275.A | *lṳi̯ | Proto-Mon | to wade through | |
V276 | *khaaj | Proto-Monic | to dig (up, out) | to dig (e.g. earth, a hole) by scratching and scooping up (with hands, claws or a small object); to dig (something) out in this manner; to scoop (something, e.g. rice) up and hold it (Transitive Verb) |
V276.B | *kha̱aj | Proto-Nyah Kur | to dig (e.g. earth, a hole) by scratching and scooping up (with hands, claws or a small object); to dig (something) out in this manner; to scoop (something, e.g. rice) up and hold it (Transitive Verb) | |
V276.A | *kha̱i̯ | Proto-Mon | to dig (up, out) | |
V276a | *k-n-haaj | Proto-Monic | leftovers of digging activity, e.g. the dust left by termites | |
V276a.B | *kənha̱aj | Proto-Nyah Kur | leftovers of digging activity, e.g. the dust left by termites | |
V277 | *phej | Proto-Monic | to be satiated | to be satiated (Intransitive Verb); up to satiety (Adverb) |
V277.B | *phə̱j | Proto-Nyah Kur | to be satiated (Intransitive Verb); up to satiety (Adverb) | |
V277.A | *phɒ̱ɛ̯ | Proto-Mon | to be satiated | |
V278 | *cʔah | Proto-Monic | to be pure, clear, clean | (a quantity pf grain, e.g. of rice, of peanuts) to be free of impurities, such as stones, broken seeds... (Intransitive Verb) |
V278.B | *chʔa̱h | Proto-Nyah Kur | (a quantity pf grain, e.g. of rice, of peanuts) to be free of impurities, such as stones, broken seeds... (Intransitive Verb) | |
V278.A | *ʔa̱h | Proto-Mon | to be pure, clear, clean | |
V279 | *pguh | Proto-Monic | to blow a musical instrument; to blow on, through | to blow on (fire to kindle it, food to cool it...) (Transitive Verb) |
V279.B | *pəkṳh | Proto-Nyah Kur | to blow on (fire to kindle it, food to cool it...) (Transitive Verb) | |
V279.A | *həkə̤h | Proto-Mon | to blow a musical instrument; to blow on, through | |
V280 | *pcah | Proto-Monic | sour | to taste sour (Intransitive Verb) |
V280.B | *pəca̱h | Proto-Nyah Kur | to taste sour (Intransitive Verb) | |
V280.A | *phja̱h | Proto-Mon | sour | |
V280a | *p-m-cah | Proto-Monic | sour pickle, sour substance, sourness | a fermented sour dish made with powdered pork-meat (Noun) |
V280a.B | *pəmca̱h | Proto-Nyah Kur | a fermented sour dish made with powdered pork-meat (Noun) | |
V280a.A | *həca̱h | Proto-Mon | sour pickle, sour substance, sourness | |
V281 | *kcɔh | Proto-Monic | to spit | to spit (something) (Transitive Verb) |
V281.B | *kəcɔ̱h | Proto-Nyah Kur | to spit (something) (Transitive Verb) | |
V281.A | *chɔ̱h | Proto-Mon | to spit | |
V281a | *k-m-cɔh | Proto-Monic | saliva, spittle | spittle (Noun) |
V281a.B | *kəmcɔ̱h | Proto-Nyah Kur | spittle (Noun) | |
V281a.A | *kəsɔ̱h | Proto-Mon | saliva, spittle | |
V282 | *pcuh | Proto-Monic | pale, faded, discolored, sickly | to be pale-colored (e.g. a sick person, young leaves, old clothes) (Intransitive Verb) |
V282.B | *pəcu̱h | Proto-Nyah Kur | to be pale-colored (e.g. a sick person, young leaves, old clothes) (Intransitive Verb) | |
V282.A | *phjɒ̱ɨ̯h | Proto-Mon | pale, faded, discolored, sickly | |
V283 | *[k][-l/r-]ɟuh | Proto-Monic | deep | (e.g. container, river, eyes...) to be deep (Intransitive Verb) |
V283.B | *[k/l]əɕ(r)ṳh | Proto-Nyah Kur | (e.g. container, river, eyes...) to be deep (Intransitive Verb) | |
V283.A | *sə̤h | Proto-Mon | deep | |
V283a | *[l/r]-n-ɟuh | Proto-Monic | depth | |
V283a.A | *hənjə̤h | Proto-Mon | depth | |
V284 | *ktah | Proto-Monic | to burst, explode | lightning strikes |
V284.B | *kəta̱h | Proto-Nyah Kur | lightning strikes | |
V284.A | *(hə)ta̱h | Proto-Mon | to burst, explode | |
V285 | *dah | Proto-Monic | to hit (a mark), meet with, reach (goal), be correct, apposite, to fit | to hit (something) (with something) (Transitive Verb); to hit with, touch with (something); to undergo (an undesirable action) (Intransitive Verb); to reach (Post-Verb after Verb of Movement); correctly (Adverb) |
V285.B | *ta̤h | Proto-Nyah Kur | to hit (something) (with something) (Transitive Verb); to hit with, touch with (something); to undergo (an undesirable action) (Intransitive Verb); to reach (Post-Verb after Verb of Movement); correctly (Adverb) | |
V285.A | *tɛ̤ə̯h | Proto-Mon | to hit (a mark), meet with, reach (goal), be correct, apposite, to fit | |
V286 | *ɟnah | Proto-Monic | to be victorious, win; to overcome, conquer | to win (over someone) (Transitive Verb); to the point of winning (Adverb) |
V286.B | *chəna̤h | Proto-Nyah Kur | to win (over someone) (Transitive Verb); to the point of winning (Adverb) | |
V286.A | *ɦnɛ̤ə̯h | Proto-Mon | to be victorious, win; to overcome, conquer | |
V287 | *pɔh | Proto-Monic | to be displaced, blown away | to chase (someone, an animal) (from somewhere) (Transitive Verb) |
V287.B | *pɔ̱h | Proto-Nyah Kur | to chase (someone, an animal) (from somewhere) (Transitive Verb) | |
V287.A | *pɔ̱h | Proto-Mon | to be displaced, blown away | |
V288 | *ɓuh | Proto-Monic | boiled in water (e.g. an egg, clothes...) (Transitive Verb) | to boil (a liquid, e.g. curry, alcohol...); to melt (e.g. wax from a honeycomb) (Transitive Verb) |
V288.B | *bu̱h | Proto-Nyah Kur | to boil (a liquid, e.g. curry, alcohol...); to melt (e.g. wax from a honeycomb) (Transitive Verb) | |
V288.A | *ɓɒ̱ɨh | Proto-Mon | boiled in water (e.g. an egg, clothes...) (Transitive Verb) | |
V289 | *ɓuh | Proto-Monic | to be cool, pleasant, calm, quiet (Intransitive Verb) | |
V289.A | *ɓɒ̱ɨ̯h | Proto-Mon | to be cool, pleasant, calm, quiet (Intransitive Verb) | |
V289a | *l-ɓuh | Proto-Monic | to become cool; to make pleasant | (day) to cool off in the evening; (body) to have fever abate (Intransitive Verb) |
V289a.B | *ləbu̱h | Proto-Nyah Kur | (day) to cool off in the evening; (body) to have fever abate (Intransitive Verb) | |
V289a.A | *həɓɒ̱ɨ̯h | Proto-Mon | to become cool; to make pleasant | |
V289b | *l-m-ɓuh | Proto-Monic | to cool, to be cool | to be cooled off (food) (Attributive) |
V289b.B | *ləmbu̱h | Proto-Nyah Kur | to be cooled off (food) (Attributive) | |
V289b.A | *[k]əmɒ̱u̯h | Proto-Mon | to cool, to be cool | |
V290 | *k()wɛh | Proto-Monic | indeed, thoroughly, truly | to be real, true (Intransitive Verb); really truly (Adverb) |
V290.B | *kəwɛ̱h | Proto-Nyah Kur | to be real, true (Intransitive Verb); really truly (Adverb) | |
V290.A | *kwɛ̱h | Proto-Mon | indeed, thoroughly, truly | |
V291 | *crɔh | Proto-Monic | to wear (e.g. a flower) (on one's ear), to carry (earrings) (in the ear) (Transitive Verb) | |
V291.B | *crɔh | Proto-Nyah Kur | to wear (e.g. a flower) (on one's ear), to carry (earrings) (in the ear) (Transitive Verb) | |
V292 | *sruh | Proto-Monic | to put out (a fire) | to pour (e.g. water) (on e.g. fire, plants...) (Transitive Verb) |
V292.B | *ɕru̱h | Proto-Nyah Kur | to pour (e.g. water) (on e.g. fire, plants...) (Transitive Verb) | |
V292.A | *sɒ̱ɨh | Proto-Mon | to put out (a fire) | |
V293 | *ruh | Proto-Monic | to tear down (an old house) | to dear down (a house, a wall...); to undo (cloth, a mat...) (Transitive Verb) |
V293.B | *rṳh | Proto-Nyah Kur | to dear down (a house, a wall...); to undo (cloth, a mat...) (Transitive Verb) | |
V293.A | *rə̤h | Proto-Mon | to tear down (an old house) | |
V293a | *s-m-ruh | Proto-Monic | to become dilapidated, collapse; to cause to drop, demolish | (house, mat...) to fall apart; (hair-bun...) to come undone (Intransitive Verb) |
V293a.B | *ɕəmru̱h | Proto-Nyah Kur | (house, mat...) to fall apart; (hair-bun...) to come undone (Intransitive Verb) | |
V293a.A | *hərɒ̱ɨ̯h | Proto-Mon | to become dilapidated, collapse; to cause to drop, demolish | |
V294 | *(s)-glɛh | Proto-Monic | to carve up | to extract (e.g. meat adhering to bones, coconut-flesh from shell, bone-marrow, ear-wax...) (with a sharp object, e.g. tip of knife, nails...) (Transitive Verb) |
V294.B | *(ɕə-)khlɛ̤h | Proto-Nyah Kur | to extract (e.g. meat adhering to bones, coconut-flesh from shell, bone-marrow, ear-wax...) (with a sharp object, e.g. tip of knife, nails...) (Transitive Verb) | |
V294.A | *klɛ̤h | Proto-Mon | to carve up | |
V295 | *lah | Proto-Monic | to be level, flat, extensive | |
V295.A | *lɛ̤ə̯h | Proto-Mon | to be level, flat, extensive | |
V295a | *tn-lah | Proto-Monic | leaf, especially metal leaf, foil | sheet-like fully open object (e.g. the top of an umbrella or mushroom, a page, a gold-leaf, a banana leaf for serving food); any cut leaf used as a sheet |
V295a.B | *tənla̱h | Proto-Nyah Kur | sheet-like fully open object (e.g. the top of an umbrella or mushroom, a page, a gold-leaf, a banana leaf for serving food); any cut leaf used as a sheet | |
V295a.A | *kəna̱h | Proto-Mon | leaf, especially metal leaf, foil | |
V296 | *blah | Proto-Monic | to escape, be free from, go free, pass off | to be released, go free (Intransitive Verb) |
V296.B | *phla̤h | Proto-Nyah Kur | to be released, go free (Intransitive Verb) | |
V296.A | *plɛ̤ə̯h | Proto-Mon | to escape, be free from, go free, pass off | |
V296a | *b[]lah | Proto-Monic | to let go, to free from, to send for | to release |
V296a.B | *phəla̤h | Proto-Nyah Kur | to release | |
V296a.A | *həlɛ̤ə̯h | Proto-Mon | to let go, to free from, to send for | |
V297 | *blah | Proto-Monic | (illness) to get better | (wound) to heal (Intransitive Verb); (person) to recover from (disease) (Pseudo-Transitive Verb) |
V297.B | *phla̤h | Proto-Nyah Kur | (wound) to heal (Intransitive Verb); (person) to recover from (disease) (Pseudo-Transitive Verb) | |
V297.A | *plɛ̤ə̯h | Proto-Mon | (illness) to get better | |
V298 | *nsɔh | Proto-Monic | to untie (e.g. a knot); to answer, to solve | to untie (e.g. a knot, a hair-bun); to open (one's shirt) (Transitive Verb) |
V298.B | *ɲɕɔ̱h | Proto-Nyah Kur | to untie (e.g. a knot, a hair-bun); to open (one's shirt) (Transitive Verb) | |
V298.A | *sɔ̱h | Proto-Mon | to untie (e.g. a knot); to answer, to solve |
References
[edit]- Diffloth, Gérard. 1984 The Dvaravati Old Mon languages and Nyah Kur. Monic Language Studies. Chulalongkorn University Printing House, Bangkok.