bruise

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English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Middle English bruisen, brusen, brosen, brisen, bresen, from a merger two words, both ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrews- (“to break”):

Cognate with Scots brizz, German brausen (“to roar; boom; pound”), Old English brosnian (“to crumble, fall apart”), Dutch broos (“brittle”), German Brosame (“crumb”), dialectal Norwegian brøysk (“breakable”), Latin frustum (“bit, scrap”), Old Church Slavonic бръснути (brŭsnuti, “to rake”), Albanian breshër (“hail”).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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bruise (third-person singular simple present bruises, present participle bruising, simple past and past participle bruised)

  1. (transitive) To strike (a person), originally with something flat or heavy, but now specifically in such a way as to discolour the skin without breaking it.
  2. (transitive) To damage the skin of (fruit or vegetables), in an analogous way.
  3. (intransitive) Of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises through being handled roughly.
    Bananas bruise easily.
  4. (intransitive) To become bruised.
    I bruise easily.
  5. (intransitive) To fight with the fists; to box.
  6. (transitive, figurative) To harm or injure somebody's feelings or self-esteem.
    Her thoughtless remarks bruised my ego.
    I was bruised by such wanton criticism.
  7. (transitive) To impair (gin) by shaking rather than stirring.

Derived terms

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Translations

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A bruise (def. 1) caused by a handrail
A bruise (def. 2) on a quince

Noun

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bruise (plural bruises)

  1. A purplish mark on the skin due to leakage of blood from capillaries under the surface that have been damaged by a blow.
  2. A dark mark on fruit or vegetables caused by a blow to the surface.

Synonyms

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Hypernyms

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Hyponyms

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Derived terms

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Translations

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Anagrams

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Dutch

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Verb

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bruise

  1. (dated or formal) singular present subjunctive of bruisen

Irish

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Noun

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bruise f sg

  1. genitive singular of bruis (“brush; pubic hair”)

Mutation

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Mutated forms of bruise
radical lenition eclipsis
bruise bhruise mbruise

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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