名字

Chinese

		personal name	courtesy name
trad. (名字)		名	字
simp. #(名字)		名	字
alternative forms		名子

Etymology

Combination of 名 (míng, “given name”) and 字 (zì, “courtesy name, given to an individual at adulthood”). Originally two different types of names in ancient China, in modern Chinese the two characters form a single word.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): míngzi, míngzì

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄥˊ ˙ㄗ, ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄗˋ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): минзы (minzɨ, I-II)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ming⁴ zi⁶

• Gan (Wiktionary): 'miang⁴ ci⁵
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): miàng-sṳ
• Northern Min (KCR): miâng-cī
• Eastern Min (BUC): miàng-cê
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): miâ-lī / miâ-jī

  (Teochew, Peng'im): mian⁵ ri⁷

• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁶min-zy₆ / ²min-zy₆

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland, variant in Taiwan)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: míngzi
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄥˊ ˙ㄗ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: míngzi̊h
    • Wade–Giles: ming²-tzŭ⁵
    • Yale: míng-dz
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ming.tzy
    • Palladius: минцзы (minczy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 名字 明子

      
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan, variant in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: míngzì
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄗˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: míngzìh
    • Wade–Giles: ming²-tzŭ⁴
    • Yale: míng-dz̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mingtzyh
    • Palladius: минцзы (minczy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: минзы (minzɨ, I-II)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ²⁴ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ming⁴ zi⁶
    • Yale: mìhng jih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ming⁴ dzi⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: ming⁴ ji⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɪŋ²¹ t͡siː²²/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 名字 明治

• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: 'miang⁴ ci⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˈmiaŋ³⁵ t͡sʰz̩¹¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: miàng-sṳ
    • Hakka Romanization System: miang^ˇ sii
    • Hagfa Pinyim: miang² si⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /mi̯aŋ¹¹ sɨ⁵⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: miâng-cī
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miaŋ³³ t͡si⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: miàng-cê
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miaŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^(t͡s-)ʒɛi²⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: miâ-lī
    • Tâi-lô: miâ-lī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: miali
    • IPA (Xiamen): /miã²⁴⁻²² li²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /miã²⁴⁻¹¹ li³³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /miã²⁴⁻²² li⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: miâ-jī
    • Tâi-lô: miâ-jī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: miaji
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /miã²³⁻³³ zi³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /miã¹³⁻²² d͡zi²²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: mian⁵ ri⁷
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: miâⁿ jī
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mĩã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ d͡zi¹¹/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶min-zy₆
    • MiniDict: min^去 zy^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³min-zr₃
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /min²² zz̩⁴⁴/
  • (Northern: Jiaxing)
    • Wugniu: ²min-zy₆
    • MiniDict: min^平 zy^去
    • Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /min¹³ zz̩³¹/

Noun

名字

1. name

   起名字  ―  qǐ míngzi  ―  to come up with a name

2. full name (of a person)

   你叫什麼名字？／你叫什么名字？  ―  Nǐ jiào shénme míngzi?  ―  What's your name?

3. given name

   他姓陳，名字叫華清。 [MSC, trad.]
   他姓陈，名字叫华清。 [MSC, simp.]

   Tā xìng chén, míngzi jiào huá qīng. [Pinyin]

   His last name is Chen, and his given name is Huaqing.

   我忘記怎麼拼寫你的名字來著。 [MSC, trad.]
   我忘记怎么拼写你的名字来着。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒ wàngjì zěnme pīnxiě nǐ de míngzì láizhe. [Pinyin]

   I've forgotten how to spell your name.

Synonyms

• (name):

edit

• 叫法 (jiàofǎ)
• 名 (míng)
• 名兒 / 名儿 (míngr)
• 名目 (míngmù)
• 名稱 / 名称 (míngchēng)
• 名色 (míngsè) (literary)
• 名號 / 名号 (mínghào) (literary)
• 命名 (mìngmíng)
• 稱呼 / 称呼 (chēnghū)
• 稱號 / 称号 (chēnghào) (usually a complementary one)
• 稱謂 / 称谓 (chēngwèi)
• 題目 / 题目 (tímù) (archaic)

 

• (full name): (literary or Min Nan, Hakka) 名姓 (míngxìng), 全名 (quánmíng), 姓名 (xìngmíng)
• (given name): 名 (míng)

Descendants

• Wutunhua: minze

Japanese

Kanji in this term
名	字
みょう Grade: 1	じ Grade: 1
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
苗字

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) みょーじ [myóꜜòjì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [mʲo̞ːʑi]

Noun

名(みょう)字(じ) • (myōji) ^{←みやうじ (myauzi)?}

1. surname, family name

References

• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
名	字

Noun

名字 • (myeongja) (hangeul 명자)

1. hanja form^? of 명자 (“the characters of one's name, fame”)

Okinawan

Etymology

Kanji in this term
名	字
のー Grade: 1	じ Grade: 1
on'yomi

Kanji in this term
名	字
みょー Grade: 1	じ Grade: 1
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
苗字

Cognate to Japanese 名字 (みょうじ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mjoːd͡ʑi/, /noːd͡ʑi/

Noun

名(みょー)字(じ) or 名(のー)字(じ) (myōji or nōji) 

1. surname, family name, last name

References

• “みょーじ【名字・苗字】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
• “のーじ【名字・苗字】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
• “ミョージ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).
• “ノージ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).